On November 22nd, the official website of Beijing Emergency Management Bureau released the investigation report on the fire and explosion accident of Fengtai District Energy Storage Power Station.

　　At about 11: 50 on April 16th, a fire broke out in the light storage and charging integration project of Beijing Fuweisi Oil&Gas Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Fuweisi Oil&Gas Company) located at No.14 Ximachang, Fengtai District. One person was killed, two firefighters were killed and one firefighter was injured, and the direct property loss caused by the fire was 16.6081 million yuan.

　　According to the report, the direct cause of the fire in the south building is the internal short circuit fault of the lithium iron phosphate battery in the west battery room, which caused the battery to get out of control and catch fire. The direct cause of the explosion in the North Building was the internal short circuit fault of the single lithium iron phosphate battery in the battery room of the South Building, which caused the battery and battery module to spread out of control and catch fire. The flammable and explosive components generated by the accident entered the energy storage room of the North Building through the cable trench and spread, and mixed with air to form explosive gas, which exploded when it met with electric sparks.

　　According to the suggestion of accident accountability, the owner unit responsible for the project investment and construction, and the procurement and installation of photovoltaic, energy storage and charging facilities — — The legal representative, logistics supervisor, operation and maintenance staff of Fuweisi Oil&Gas Company are directly responsible for the accident, and have been arrested by Fengtai District People’s Procuratorate for being suspected of serious accident.

　　The main contents of the investigation report on the "4 16" major fire accident in Fengtai District are as follows:

　　I. Basic information

　　(I) The incident occurred at No.14, Ximachang, Fengtai District. The land use right owner and the property owner were Beijing Shoudai Baoli Industry & Trade Co., Ltd., which obtained the property ownership certificate in April 2004, with a construction area of 56,950.3 square meters; In March 2009, the state-owned land use right certificate was obtained. The land type is industrial land, the type of use right is allocation, and the land use right area is 200,363.92 square meters.

　　In January 2004, Beijing Dinghuiqiao Jimei Furniture City Market Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Beijing Jimei Home Market Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jimei Home Company), successively rented all the buildings and venues in the courtyard of No.14 Ximachang in Fengtai District to operate Jimei Home Dahong Store. Before the incident, the construction area was increased to 208,102.55 square meters after renovation and expansion. There are 8 venues and other supporting buildings in the courtyard of Jimei Home Dahongmen Store. The incident building is located in the east courtyard of Hall 1, which mainly includes two brick-concrete structures, the North Building and the South Building, and an outdoor underground cable trench is built between the North Building and the South Building.

　　The North Building is a two-story building with a building area of about 1060 square meters. The first floor is the energy storage room and equipment room of the optical storage and charging integration project, the 35kV transformer room, 6kV power distribution room and power distribution duty room used by Jimei Home Company, and the second floor is the 35kV control cabinet room of Jimei Home Company. Among them: the 6 kV distribution room has an east-west main cable trench and a distribution cabinet; There are two east-west cable ducts and four battery cabinets (56 battery clusters in total, using cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries) in the energy storage room.

　　The South Building is a first-floor building with a building area of about 245.6 square meters, including the control room, lobby and maintenance room, west battery room, east battery room and equipment room. The control room is partially equipped with two floors. Twelve groups of battery cabinets (48 rows of battery clusters, using square lithium iron phosphate batteries) are installed in the west battery room, and 12 groups of battery cabinets (48 rows of battery clusters, using cylindrical lithium iron phosphate batteries) are installed in the east battery room. The cables at the bottom of the battery cabinets are gathered in the cable interlayer and enter the outdoor underground cable trench.

　　The outdoor underground cable trench between the north and south buildings is 24 meters long and 1 meter wide, with the bottom 1.6 meters from the ground and the top 0.4 meters from the ground. 29 cables are laid in the trench; There is a ventilation shaft 3.7 meters away from the North Building. The cable trench enters the underground of the north building under the fifth window from the west to the east of the south wall of the north building, and enters the cable interlayer of the south building on the east side of the north gate of the south building.

　　(II) Working principle of the electrical system of the incident project The electrical system of the incident project is divided into DC side and AC side, and the bidirectional conversion between AC and DC is realized through the power conversion system (PCS). On the AC side, there are mainly commercial power and merchants of Jimei Home Dahongmen Store. The DC side mainly includes photovoltaic power generation equipment, energy storage equipment and charging piles.

　　During the day, photovoltaic power generation equipment gives priority to the merchants of Jimei Home Dahongmen Store, and the excess electricity can supply power to energy storage equipment and charging piles, and the energy storage equipment can also supply power to merchants; When the photovoltaic and energy storage equipment can’t meet the power demand, the commercial power can also be directly used. At night, energy storage batteries and charging piles are charged with trough electricity price.

　　(3) Information of accident-related units

　　1. Fuweisi Oil and Gas Company, with unified social credit code of 911101096843614396, legal representative Liu Bo, and other limited liability companies, was established on January 13, 2009, and its registered address is Room 389, No.3 Binhe South Road, Mentougou District, Beijing; The business scope includes electrical automation system, energy storage charging system, AC/DC hybrid microgrid system design, etc. Hefei Guoxuan Hi-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd., Liu Bo (individual), Beijing Fuweisi Investment Management Center (Liu Bo Holdings) and other individuals hold about 40%, 33%, 24% and 3% respectively. In August 2018, Fuweisi Oil&Gas Company and Hefei Xuanyi Investment Management Co., Ltd. jointly established Beijing Guoxuan Fuweisi Optical Storage and Charging Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Guoxuan Fuweisi Company), which holds some assets of the project, and the legal representative is Liu Bo, with no organization and personnel.

　　2. Beijing Jingfeng Guowei Comprehensive Energy Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jingfeng Guowei Company), with unified social credit code of 91110106MA01TA0N1B, legal representative Cui Lipei, and other limited liability companies, was established on July 1, 2020, and its registered address is BK003, 1st floor, Building 155, No.14, Dahongmen West Racecourse, Yongwai, Fengtai District, Beijing; The business scope includes power supply, solar power generation, centralized fast charging station, solar power generation technical services, etc. The company is jointly established by Beijing Jingtong Guoyou New Energy Co., Ltd. and Forvis Oil and Gas Company.

　　3. Beijing Fengxin Electric Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Fengxin Electric Company), with the unified social credit code of 91110106102173826J, legal representative wang pu, is a limited liability company (invested or controlled by natural persons), and was established on January 19, 1988 with the registered address of Building 22, No.28, Lugouqiao Farm Road, Fengtai District, Beijing. Its business scope includes professional contracting, etc. The company has the qualifications of building decoration engineering professional contracting level 2 and power transmission and transformation engineering professional contracting level 3.

　　(4) Construction of the incident project

　　The incident project is constructed in two phases, and the main equipment includes photovoltaic modules, energy storage battery clusters, energy storage containers and charging piles.

　　1. Construction of the first phase of the project

　　In October 2017, Fuweisi Oil&Gas Company and Beijing Pinggaoqing Great Technology Development Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement with Jimei Home Furnishing Company, which is responsible for providing installation and operation sites and enjoying preferential electricity prices for the project; Fuweisi Oil&Gas Company is responsible for the investment and construction of the project and the procurement and installation of photovoltaic, energy storage and charging facilities, and the ownership of related facilities belongs to the company; Beijing Pinggaoqing Great Technology Development Co., Ltd. (withdrawn from the project in August 2020) is responsible for the renovation of the 6 kV distribution room, purchasing and installing the energy storage control system and equipment, assisting in the project filing, photovoltaic grid connection and leading the application for relevant subsidies.

　　In March 2018, Beijing Jingdian Xunjie Power Technology Co., Ltd. issued the design drawings of the 6 kV distribution room reconstruction project of Jimei Home Dahongmen Store, and Fengxin Electric Company carried out civil and electrical construction.

　　In April 2019, the first phase of the project was officially put into operation. The equipment mainly includes 1.4 MW roof distributed photovoltaic, 4 MW /12 MW energy storage and charging piles.

　　2. Construction of the second phase of the project

　　In May 2020, Fengxin Electric Company upgraded the energy storage in the second phase of the incident project, which involved the battery room, equipment room and outdoor underground cable trench in the south building. Before the incident, 2 MW /28 MWh energy storage has been built. In July, Fuweisi Oil and Gas Company and Beijing Jingtong Guoyou New Energy Co., Ltd. registered and established Jingfeng Guowei Company, which was responsible for the photovoltaic construction of the second phase of the incident project and the acquisition of the assets of the incident project held by Fuweisi Oil and Gas Company and Guoxuan Fuweisi Company; Jingfeng Guowei Company signed energy use agreement and site use agreement with Jimei Home Furnishing Company and other units. In November, Jingfeng Guowei Company entrusted Sichuan Hualun Power Engineering Co., Ltd. to arrange a 1.6 MW distributed photovoltaic power generation system on part of the roof of Jimei Home Dahongmen Store; In January 2021, the photovoltaic module was installed and was being debugged before the incident.

　　After investigation, the batteries used in the incident project were all produced by Hefei Guoxuan Hi-Tech Power Energy Co., Ltd., and battery testing materials were provided. Before the incident, Jingfeng Guowei Company had carried out the asset evaluation work related to the incident project, and had not yet completed the asset acquisition and delivery.

　　As of the time of the incident, the electricity generated by the project was used by Jimei Home Dahongmen Store; From March 2019 to March 2021, Jimei Home Furvis Company remitted about 9,329,900 yuan of electricity to its account.

　　(five) the project record.

　　In April 2018, Forvis Oil and Gas Company filed with Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission "Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project of Jimei Home Dahongmen DC Photovoltaic Storage and Charging Integration Project" and "New Electric Vehicle Charging Pile Project of Jimei Home Dahongmen DC Photovoltaic Storage and Charging Integration Project" to build a 1.4 MW roof photovoltaic and carport photovoltaic system and a large-capacity DC charging pile.

　　In September 2020, Jingfeng Guowei Company filed the "Jingfeng Guowei Integrated Smart Energy Jimei Dahongmen Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project" with Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission to build a distributed photovoltaic power generation system with a capacity of 40,000 square meters and 4 MW.

　　In December 2020, Jingfeng Guowei Company filed the "Jingfeng Guowei Integrated Smart Energy Jimei Dahongmen Energy Storage Project" with Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission, and built a 10 MW /40 MWh energy storage power station system. After verification by Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission, the project was not implemented. On July 19th, 2021, Jingfeng Guowei Company has voluntarily cancelled the project filing through the online filing management system of Beijing enterprise investment projects.

　　In addition, after verification by Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission, the built energy storage projects involved in the accident belong to unprepared projects.

　　Second, the accident and emergency rescue situation

　　(a) the accident.

　　At about 11: 50 on April 16th, 2021, five people, including Xie Xialing of Sichuan Hualun Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., went to the South Building to check the renovation progress of the control room, and found that the battery cabinet on the south side of the west battery room of the South Building caught fire and smoked, and immediately used the on-site fire extinguisher to dispose of it. Xie Xialing telephoned Liu Bo, the person in charge of Fuweisi Oil and Gas Company.

　　At about 12: 13, Liu Bo led Chen Yuanzhong and others to the scene and took fire extinguishers from the South Building and the North Building to participate in the fire fighting. Because the open flame was extinguished and continued to rekindle, Liu Bo assigned Chen Yuanzhong to the energy storage room of the North Building to cut off the AC side. Connect with the energy storage system and disable the photovoltaic system. At 12: 17, Liu Bo called the police. At about 12: 20, Liu Bo entered the North Building and told Luo Guangjun, the electrician on duty in Jimei Home Furnishing Company, to turn off the switch between the 6 kV distribution cabinet and the energy storage equipment.

　　At about 13: 40, Liu Zhange, an electrician of Jimei Home Furnishing Company, arrived at the duty room of the North Building and went to the 6 kV distribution room with Luo Guangjun to confirm that the switch between the distribution cabinet and the energy storage equipment had been disconnected. During the period, a large amount of smoke emerged from the south building, accompanied by deflagration from time to time.

　　At about 13: 45, Liu Zhange went to the hospital to check and found that Liu Bo and firefighters were injecting water into the outdoor underground cable trench, and then went to the 6 kV distribution room in the north building to check and found that the cable trench was full of white smoke, no accumulated water and a pungent smell. At about 14: 13, an explosion occurred in the North Building.

　　(2) Emergency rescue situation

　　After receiving the alarm, the 119 Combat Command Center of the Municipal Fire and Rescue Corps dispatched 47 fire engines and 235 officers and men to the scene for disposal. City, district public security organs and emergency management, electric power, sanitation, ecological environment, health and other departments were present for collaborative disposal.

　　At 12: 24, firefighters arrived at the scene and found that the battery in the west battery room of the South Building was on fire, accompanied by explosions from time to time. No open fire was found in the east battery room, and there were no trapped people at the scene. Immediately, fire fighting and rescue were carried out, and water guns were deployed in the periphery to prevent the fire from spreading.

　　At 14: 13: 16, an explosion occurred in the North Building, causing one electrician on duty to die, two firefighters to die and one firefighter to be injured. At 23: 40, the open flame was completely extinguished and the site was continuously cooled for 40 hours. At 16: 21 on April 18th, the site was cleared.

　　(3) Direct property losses caused by fire

　　The price was confirmed by Beijing Fengtai District Price Certification Center, and the statistics of Fengtai District Fire Rescue Agency confirmed that the direct property loss of this fire was 16,608,100 yuan.

　　Third, the cause and nature of the accident

　　(A) the direct cause

　　The public security organs combined with the analysis of on-the-spot investigation, investigation and interrogation,Exclude the suspicion of intentional criminal offence.

　　1. On-site inspection

　　After on-site inspection by fire rescue agencies, the battery cabinet in the west battery room of the South Building was over-fired, and the roof directly above the battery cabinet in the fifth group from west to east on the south side was burned and cracked, and the concrete part of the top floor was missing. The battery cabinet area had the characteristics of initial fire. Combined with the testimony of relevant witnesses, it is determined that the fire site of the South Building is located at the battery cluster at the north end of the fifth battery cabinet, from the south side of the west battery room to the east, at the battery modules on the 8 th to 10 th floors from bottom to top.

　　The walls on the east and west sides of the energy storage room in the north building were blown up and flew out, all the window glasses on the south side were destroyed, and the upper floor partially collapsed; The indoor energy storage converter, control cabinet and battery cabinet are dumped to the south as a whole; The deformation of the lower end of the battery cabinet in the second group from west to east is the most serious, and the steel beam between the battery cabinet base and the cable trench (the connection is not blocked) is more bent upward than the other three groups of battery cabinets. In the battery management system of 7 clusters of battery cabinets in this area, the components in the battery management system of the third cluster from west to east are scattered and displaced, the positive and negative relays have fallen off and the cover plate is missing, which is more serious than the other 6 clusters. It is determined that this is the initial ignition source position.

　　There is a small amount of water at the bottom of the outdoor underground cable trench between the north and south buildings, and there are traces of smoke in the trench, and oily residues are deposited at the bottom; Some cables in the cable trench have traces of fire on their surfaces; The cable trench between the northern end of the cable trench and the cable trench in the north building is not tightly sealed, and there is a gap. There is no seal between the cable interlayer in the southern end and the south building.

　　2. Detection and identification

　　Appraised by Tianjin Fire Material Evidence Appraisal Center of Fire and Rescue Bureau of Emergency Management Department, the negative terminal of battery module on the 9th floor at the fire site of South Building has an internal short circuit fault in the innermost battery cell in the fifth row. The battery is a square battery, and the electrode material conforms to the characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery.

　　Tested by Beijing Physical and Chemical Analysis and Testing Center, the main components of the battery electrolyte of the same model in Nanlou provided by the battery supplier are a mixture of methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and phosphorus-containing inorganic salts; Methyl ethyl carbonate was detected in soil (muddy) and volatile organic compounds such as methyl ethyl carbonate and benzene series were detected in gas in outdoor underground cable trench.

　　3. Experimental analysis and simulation.

　　The battery safety laboratory of Tsinghua University Institute of Vehicles and Transportation conducted an experimental analysis on the square battery which was the first to break down in the South Building. The out-of-control battery will produce ejecta, mainly methyl ethyl carbonate vapor, hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and so on.

　　The smoke simulation conducted by the Institute of Building Fire Prevention of China Academy of Building Research shows that after the south building caught fire, the smoke mixture (including the thermal runaway injection product of the lithium iron phosphate battery which was not fully burned) generated at the scene can enter the indoor cable trench of the north building through the outdoor underground cable trench. Before the explosion of the North Building, the concentration of flammable and explosive gas was about 31%, and the total amount was not less than 280 cubic meters.

　　The explosion process was simulated by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology of Beijing Institute of Technology: when the flammable and explosive components (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, methyl ethyl carbonate, etc.) in the North Building reached 200 cubic meters and were detonated by the ignition source in the energy storage room of the North Building, the explosion damage scene obtained by simulation was consistent with the accident scene, and the explosion equivalent was 26 kg TNT.

　　4. Experts demonstrate and analyze the situation

　　Based on the analysis of investigation, on-site inspection and physical evidence identification, it is found that the battery thermal runaway fire in the South Building is caused by the internal short circuit fault of lithium iron phosphate battery in the west battery room.

　　Combined with the analysis of on-site video, on-site inspection and material evidence identification, the explosion of the North Building conforms to the characteristics of volume explosion, and it is determined that the explosion is gas explosion. The explosive substance in the North Building is the explosive gas formed by the mixture of flammable and explosive components in the thermal runaway injection product of the lithium iron phosphate battery in the South Building and air. The initiation point is located in the energy storage room of the North Building, excluding the factors of fire source caused by personnel activities and uncontrolled ignition of the battery, and it is determined that the ignition source is the electrical spark generated in the energy storage room.

　　After analysis, the smoke containing the thermal runaway injection product of lithium iron phosphate battery diffused from the outdoor underground cable trench into the north building, and entered the battery system with high voltage (nominal 720 volts) DC charged state, which led to the action of the relay (located at the bottom of the battery cabinet) to generate electrical sparks.

　　5. The direct cause of the accident

　　According to the on-site inspection, testing and identification, experimental analysis, simulation and expert argumentation of fire rescue institutions, the investigation team comprehensively analyzed the direct causes of the accident as follows:

　　The direct cause of the fire in the south building is the internal short circuit fault of the lithium iron phosphate battery in the west battery room, which caused the battery to get out of control and catch fire.

　　The direct cause of the explosion in the North Building was the internal short circuit fault of the single lithium iron phosphate battery in the battery room of the South Building, which caused the battery and battery module to spread out of control and catch fire. The flammable and explosive components generated by the accident entered the energy storage room of the North Building through the cable trench and spread, and mixed with air to form explosive gas, which exploded when it met with electric sparks.

　　(2) Indirect causes

　　1. The responsibility of the safety subject of the enterprise involved is not implemented, and there is a problem of construction before filing in the construction process; Continue to operate in the event that the battery pack leaks, heats up and smokes many times in the incident area, but the safety hazards are not completely eliminated; The two ends of the outdoor underground cable trench between the north and south buildings were not effectively separated and blocked, and the accident emergency response plan was not formulated according to the actual risk of the site.

　　2. It is not enough for the relevant units to study and deploy and supervise the implementation of safety supervision and inspection; The research on the high-quality development of new energy projects under the premise of ensuring safety is not deep; The investigation of safety hazards is not comprehensive and thorough, and the safety risks existing in the construction, operation and maintenance of the incident project are neglected and out of control.

　　(3) Nature of the accident

　　In view of the above analysis, according to the relevant national laws and regulations, the investigation team determined that the "4 16" large fire in Fengtai District was a liability accident.

　　Iv. Suggestions on handling the responsible personnel and units of the accident.

　　(1) Persons who propose to be investigated for criminal responsibility.

　　1. Liu Bo, the legal representative of Forvis Oil&Gas Company, is directly responsible for the accident and is suspected of the crime of major liability accident. On May 24, 2021, Fengtai District People’s Procuratorate approved the arrest.

　　2. Shuai Changsheng, the logistics supervisor of Forvis Oil and Gas Company, is directly responsible for the accident and is suspected of major liability accident. On May 24, 2021, Fengtai District People’s Procuratorate approved the arrest.

　　3. Chen Yuanzhong, an employee of the operation and maintenance post of Forvis Oil and Gas Company, is directly responsible for the accident and is suspected of major liability accident. On May 24, 2021, Fengtai District People’s Procuratorate approved the arrest.

　　(two) personnel and units that suggest accountability.

　　1. Wang Xiaoli, Deputy Secretary and Office Director of Dahongmen Street Working Committee in Fengtai District. It is recommended to give a warning.

　　2. Pang Xuming, member of the Working Committee of Dahongmen Street, Fengtai District, Minister of Armed Forces and Director of Ping An Construction Office. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

　　3. Lu Yanbo, the chief of the Ping ‘an Construction Office of Dahongmen Street in Fengtai District, is also the captain of the full-time security officer inspection team of Dahongmen Street. It is recommended to give administrative records.

　　4. Yi Pan, executive vice-captain and head of the first group of full-time security officer inspection team in Dahongmen Street, Fengtai District. It is suggested to give greater punishment to government affairs.

　　5. Liu Lei, director of the Regulation Department of Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission, is the actual person in charge of work safety. It is recommended to give a warning.

　　6. Du Mingyang, safety officer and captain of production safety inspection team of Regulation Section and Resource Conservation Section of Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission. It is recommended to give administrative warning.

　　7. Zhou Fangming, Chief of Fire Prevention Supervision Section I of Fengtai District Fire Rescue Detachment (Chief of Law Enforcement Team I). It is recommended to give a warning.

　　8. Li Chunliang, Deputy Chief of Fire Supervision Section I of Fengtai District Fire Rescue Detachment (Deputy Chief of Law Enforcement Team I). It is recommended to give administrative warning.

　　At the same time, the Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Municipal Supervision Committee issued a work reminder letter to the Fengtai District Government for the illegal construction of houses on the plot where the incident occurred; Criticize, educate or talk to relevant public officials to solve the problem that the research on high-quality development of new energy projects is not deep under the premise of ensuring safety; The Fengtai District Commission for Discipline Inspection ordered the Dahongmen Street Working Committee and the Fengtai District Development and Reform Commission Party Group to make a written inspection.

　　In addition, the superior unit of Jingfeng Guowei Company removed Cui Lipei from the post of executive director and legal representative of Jingfeng Guowei Company, gave Li Jingling an administrative warning, and dealt with two people accordingly.

　　(three) units that suggest administrative punishment.

　　1. Forvis Oil&Gas Company failed to find and eliminate fire hazards, and the fire rescue agency shall give administrative punishment according to relevant regulations.

　　2. Jingfeng Guowei Company failed to formulate and implement fire safety management measures and fire safety operation procedures, and the fire rescue agency shall give administrative punishment according to relevant regulations.

　　3. In view of the problems existing in the built energy storage projects involved in the accident, the development and reform department ordered Forvis Oil and Gas Company to rectify and deal with them according to the law and regulations.

　　4. In view of the clues that the energy storage upgrading and reconstruction project of the incident project is suspected of being implemented without the design of a professional unit, the municipal planning and natural resources department will investigate and verify it and investigate and deal with relevant illegal acts according to law.

　　In addition, the extended investigation by the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee found that Fengxin Electric Company was suspected of having problems such as imperfect safety production responsibility system, failure to set up independent safety production management institutions and insufficient full-time safety production management personnel, and it was planned to temporarily suspend its safety production license for 60 days; Some of the company’s qualifications no longer meet the requirements of the corresponding standards, and it is planned to order it to make corrections within a time limit. During the rectification period, it is not allowed to apply for qualification upgrades or additions, and it is not allowed to undertake new projects.

　　V. Suggestions on accident rectification and preventive measures

　　In order to draw a profound lesson from the accident, earnestly practice the concept of life first and safe development, and effectively prevent and resolutely curb similar accidents, the following suggestions and measures are put forward:

　　(1) Strictly implement safety responsibilities. Jimei Home Furnishing Company should build and use leased premises and buildings according to laws and regulations, strengthen safety management, strengthen safety inspection and hidden dangers investigation and rectification. Forvis Oil and Gas Company should implement the fire safety responsibility system, improve the emergency response plan, strengthen safety education and safety inspection, and eliminate hidden dangers in time. Jingfeng Guowei Company should improve the company’s safety management system, strengthen distributed energy management, and carry out safety evaluation and inspection for installed roof photovoltaic.

　　(two) improve the construction and operation management of electric energy storage facilities and places. The Municipal Emergency Bureau takes the lead, and gives guidance jointly with the departments of development and reform, urban management, planning of natural resources, housing and urban-rural construction, economy and informatization, market supervision, fire fighting and rescue, etc. The relevant district governments rely on professional institutions to conduct safety risk assessment of suspended energy storage power stations in this area, evaluate the risk level of suspended energy storage power stations, and put forward work opinions. The Municipal Development and Reform Commission takes the lead, and the Municipal Emergency Bureau cooperates with it to organize experts and professional institutions to re-examine the construction plan for all projects under construction and projects that have not been put into construction of energy storage power stations. Only after passing the assessment can the construction be carried out. The Municipal Urban Management Committee shall, together with relevant departments, formulate technical standards to standardize the design, construction, acceptance and operation management of electric energy storage facilities in this Municipality. The Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology shall establish and improve the quality management system of batteries and their energy management systems in energy storage power stations.

　　(3) Strengthen safety supervision and management. Fengtai District Government carried out a comprehensive survey of energy storage facilities in the whole region, established and dynamically updated basic accounts, and organized relevant departments to carry out comprehensive safety inspection and safety risk assessment. The Municipal Fire and Rescue Corps strengthened the fire supervision and inspection of electric energy storage places, formulated and improved the accident handling norms of energy storage power stations, strengthened the handling drills, and further improved the emergency rescue and handling work level of energy storage power stations.

　　(4) Continue to promote safe development. Urban management, development and reform, fire rescue, emergency management and other departments and Fengtai District Government should firmly establish the concept of safe development, put the prevention and resolution of safety risks in an important position, standardize the location and layout of new energy storage, establish and improve the working mechanism of overall coordination and management of photovoltaic power generation applications, and strengthen the quality management and safety supervision of related projects; For the electric energy storage facilities that have been built and are under construction, strengthen comprehensive analysis and judgment, find problems in time, solve problems, and prevent accidents caused by out-of-control pipe leakage. Fengtai District Government should plan the planning and construction of Dahongmen area as a whole, promote the regional wholesale market in an orderly manner, and promote functional remodeling, industrial upgrading and quality improvement.

　　 With the coming of the school season, the first batch of "post-00" freshmen began to enter the university and officially started their college life. How to plan their college life? Remember that these points will enrich your college life.

　　 Do you know the time of these textual research?

　　 College English Band 4 and Band 6

　　 CET-4 and CET-6 are held twice a year in June and December. The perfect score of CET-4 and CET-6 is 710, and the score of 425 or above is passed.

　　 Computer rank examination

　　 The national computer grade examination is divided into four levels, and general majors are required to pass the first level examination, master the basic knowledge of computers and use common office software. Some units will also require to pass the computer level 2 exam when recruiting. Generally speaking, the examination of computer level 3 and 4 is only required for students majoring in computer science. The computer grade examination takes the form of computer test, with a perfect score of 100 and a score of 60 being qualified, among which the first and second grade examinations are held in December every year.

　　 Putonghua proficiency test

　　 The level of Putonghua is divided into three levels and six levels, that is, one, two and three levels, and each level is divided into two grades: A and B; The first grade is the highest, and the third grade is the lowest. The examination time of Putonghua test varies from place to place, and the registration time and examination time announced in that year shall prevail.

　　 There are many types of certificates that can be obtained during college. You can choose according to your own professional requirements and career development direction, and you can also choose according to your own hobbies, such as teacher qualification certificate, psychological consultant certificate, human resources qualification certificate, and minority language examination.

　　 Life | Have you ever used these dormitory "artifacts"?

　　 Bedside shelf

　　 Students who like reading and studying in bed often find it troublesome to take things, but with the bedside shelf, mobile phones and books can be placed directly in the shelf, which is convenient and beautiful.

　　 Folding desk on bed

　　 The folding desk can not only adjust the angle at will to meet your sitting or leaning posture, but also be folded back to the bed directly after use.

　　 Shading bed curtain

　　 In university dormitories, roommates have different work and rest habits. Sometimes they want to sleep, but they still have the lights on. At this time, the shading bed curtain can meet your needs well. When the bed curtain is closed, you can have your own privacy.

　　 Non-slip mat

　　 If you live in the upper bunk, then you need this anti-skid pad. Climbing up and down every day, if you put anti-slip mats on the ladder, you will not only feel at ease when you get on and off the bed, but also don’t have to worry that your feet will be frozen in winter.

　　 Creative storage box

　　 Stationery, accessories, and various gadgets are placed directly on the table, which not only looks a little messy, but also tends to be forgotten. At this time, a creative storage box can help you, easily tidy up and have a neat desk.

　　 Student mini electric cooker

　　 There are too many people in the canteen? Is the takeaway unsanitary? Then why not do it yourself in the dormitory? The mini electric cooker can cook porridge to meet daily needs. When you are interested, you can also have a small hot pot in the dormitory, but you must pay attention to the wattage of the electric cooker not to exceed the dormitory limit.

　　 egg cooker

　　 It takes a few minutes to get up every morning to cook delicious boiled eggs, which are nutritious and hygienic, so you don’t have to rush to the cafeteria to grab breakfast every day! But pay attention to the fresh preservation of eggs in the bedroom.

　　 Do you know these rules of interpersonal communication?

　　 Improve initiative

　　 In a strange environment, we will have a certain sense of distance to strangers. In terms of personality, introverts don’t like dealing with people very much, but extroverts are different. He will take the initiative to deal with anyone and become a leader in interpersonal communication. In dealing with people, we should keep open-minded, which will help you make more friends.

　　 Consider the feelings of others

　　 In daily communication, if everything requires others to do according to their own ideas, regardless of other people’s opinions, others will certainly not like it. If you don’t care about other people’s thoughts and feelings and don’t give others face, then others will definitely not be willing to associate with you. Therefore, in the process of communication, we should grasp a degree and consider the feelings of others.

　　 Don’t force your temper on others.

　　 Everyone has a bad mood. When we have a temper, we should learn to control our temper, learn to control ourselves, learn to self-channel, and control our temper.

　　 Improve self-confidence

　　 Social phobia is a psychological disorder. Many people will have a kind of lonely bad mood because of their inner fear of socializing or self-distrust. In fact, people’s social skills are not innate, but need to be nurtured by the acquired environment and consciously cultivated. Therefore, we should improve our self-confidence and strive to overcome social fears.

　　 Upgrade | Freshmen Promotion Raiders

　　 Learn to "break up"

　　 Just entering the university, many students are easy to fall into ‘ Multi-line operation ’ I am busy every day, but I feel that my life is not full after I calm down. In the end, a person can only choose a life path, follow his heart and live the life he wants, in order to have a full life. In college, do ‘ Addition ’ It is not an endless increase, but it will be done eventually ‘ Subtraction ’ .

　　 Learn to turn knowledge into wisdom.

　　 The great difference between universities and high schools is that the evaluation system of universities is diversified. Outstanding contributions in sports, literature and art will be recognized. Many freshmen score well in the college entrance examination, but their goals are not clear. As soon as they enter the school, they will be particularly confused and don’t know where their long-term goals are. Freshmen can no longer stay at the knowledge level as before, but also keep learning to turn knowledge into wisdom and adjust themselves appropriately.

　　 foster a lofty ideal

　　 Nowadays, there is a phenomenon of "hollow disease" among college students, which means that some college students feel that life is meaningless, they are very confused about life, they don’t know what they want, they often feel tired, lonely and depressed, they feel that learning and life are meaningless, they have no hope for the future, and they are hollowed out physically and mentally. Rejecting "hollowness", students should learn to govern themselves, shoulder social responsibilities bravely, have lofty ideals, long-term planning and short-term goals, dare to dream, dare to pursue dreams and be diligent in interpreting dreams.

　　 Accept imperfection

　　 Some people say that "the post-00 generation" is a "strawberry youth holding a mobile phone", so you can’t press it or touch it, so you should take care of it. There are two main stages for college students, namely, acceptance and establishment. First of all, learn to accept, accept imperfections, accept differences, and accept constant changes. Only by accepting and acknowledging others’ differences can our differences be accepted. This is a process of growth.

　　 (Comprehensive China Network, People’s Network, China Youth Daily)

Shen Xiangyang, global executive vice president of Microsoft.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Luo Chuan, Li Wenxue, Tang Shiying and Li Wenliang) On the afternoon of October 20th, the 6th world internet conference "World Internet Leading Scientific and Technological Achievements Release Event" was held in Wuzhen. Shen Xiangyang, global executive vice president of Microsoft Corporation, released "Unified Natural Language Pre-training Model and Machine Reading Comprehension".

　　Shen Xiangyang said that technological breakthroughs have enabled computers to communicate in a natural way like humans. Taking machine reading comprehension as an example, computers can understand the meaning of texts and organize detailed answers to complex questions. Through conversational artificial intelligence, computers can now handle multiple topics and multiple conversations. This technological breakthrough will create many new opportunities, such as intelligent assistant and intelligent search.

　　Shen Xiangyang showed breakthrough technologies such as conversational artificial intelligence and machine translation through a video, as well as a case combined with Microsoft HoloLens holographic glasses, indicating that the current innovative technology has turned scientific fantasy into reality — — Let the computer "see, think, listen and speak". "Of course, we still have a long way to go to make artificial intelligence truly reach the level of human beings."

　　Zhongxin Jingwei Client May 1 ST (Zhang Yanzheng Intern Liu Yi) "Recently, I have always brushed Changsha food videos on Tik Tok, just ‘ May Day ’ During the small holiday, I plan to take my family to orange island to have a look, and try authentic Hunan cuisine by the way. As a result, I opened the booking platform and found that even the cheap hotel chain has risen from the original early 100 s to the price of six or seven hundred yuan, and the middle and high-end hotels have even started at 1,000 yuan, which is really unaffordable. " Ms. Li from Liaocheng City, Shandong Province told the client of Zhongxin Jingwei.

　　During the May Day holiday, many people chose to "punch in" in popular tourist cities. According to the data of Qunar. com, the number of domestic hotel reservations during the May 1 holiday in 2021 has exceeded 40% in the same period in 2019, a surge of 8.1 times compared with the same period in 2020. Hotel prices have been rising with the booking volume, with an average price of 458 yuan per night, which is higher than that of 85 yuan in the same period of 2019. The price has increased by 22.79%, and the price of some popular online celebrity city hotels has even increased by 112%. Are you still going to look for poetry and distance?

　　Online celebrity City Hotel "City Price Increase"

　　Recently, as a consumer, Zhongxin Jingwei client learned that the prices of hotels and homestays in some popular online celebrity cities, such as Changsha, Xi ‘an, Hangzhou and Chengdu, have skyrocketed, and it is hard to find a unique room.

　　The staff of Days Hotel Changsha Jiasheng said that the prices of almost all hotels have increased during the May 1 ST period, while in Changsha, hotels will adjust their prices every May 1 ST, 11 th and Spring Festival. “‘ May Day ’ Most of the rooms have been booked during the period, leaving only a few rooms. " The staff member said. The staff of Changsha Pinpin Hotel also said that most of the hotel rooms have been booked in March, and the price of Pinzhi twin room, which usually costs 619 yuan/night, is now 998 yuan/night.

　　The Zhongxin Jingwei client looked at the third-party booking platform and found that during the "May 1" period, many hotels and homestays in Changsha were full or only two or three rooms were left. Among them, Changsha Exotic Impression W Hotel has only one room with a 180-degree deluxe river view big bed room. Among the hotel’s characteristic rooms, the Xiangjiang River modern river view twin room with a price of 1320 yuan/night and the 270-degree full river view executive suite-the supreme package with a price of 1329 yuan/night have all been booked.

　　Room reservation of a hotel in Changsha and Xi ‘an Source: Ctrip

　　According to the "May Day" popular destinations published by Qunar.com, Changsha is the most "online celebrity" city in 2021 according to the current hotel reservations during the "May Day" holiday. Up to now, the hotel reservation in Changsha ranks second in China, with an average price of 385 yuan per night. The number of reservations increased by 1.5 times compared with the same period in 2019, and the growth rate led the new first-tier cities.

　　The report also shows that the prices of hotels in Changsha, a popular city in online celebrity, rose by 34%, Xi ‘an by 112%, Chengdu by 23%, Hangzhou by 20% and Zhuhai by 32%.

　　The staff of Xi ‘an Yunhe Night Park Hotel said that the price of the hotel room was relatively high during the May Day period, and the price of the elegant big bed room at night park was around 400-500 yuan at ordinary times, and now the price is 887 yuan/night. The Sino-Singapore Jingwei client inquired about the third-party booking platform and found that the hotel’s executive luxury parent-child room with a price of 3,212 yuan/night and the cloud and luxury twin room with a price of 2,908 yuan/night have all been booked. The staff of Hangzhou Weiyuan Hotel said that the only courtyard projection big bed room in the hotel is now priced at 1387 yuan/night, and the pre-holiday price of this room is around 700 yuan.

　　Netizen: The price is "outrageous"

　　"Some time ago, I unpacked the ticket blind box and got a ticket to Shanghai. I originally wanted to take advantage of ‘ May Day ’ Go to Disney on vacation, once ‘ Princess at large ’ However, the price of the hotel is really a bit discouraged. It is too close to live and it is a waste of time. " Ms. Zhang from Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia, told the client of Zhongxin Jingwei that she didn’t intend to travel too far, but just in time for the blind box activity of air tickets to be drawn to Shanghai, she temporarily decided on the travel itinerary. I didn’t expect hotels around Disney to be expensive and difficult to book. "It’s also my fault that I didn’t make plans early, so I have no choice but to consider shortening my itinerary and playing less for a few days."

　　Ms. Wu of Chongqing said to the client of Zhongxin Jingwei: "Express hotels are going to look like I can’t afford to live. It was originally a cheap and convenient plan to stay in the seven-day chain next to the scenic spot. When I searched the price, the big bed room would cost nearly 500 yuan a night."

　　On the social media platform, many netizens said that the price of hotels during this year’s "May 1" holiday rose significantly, and the price was "outrageous".

　　The south wind has not yet started-:Take Xiamen, where I live, for example, there are more than 200 hotels, and it will take 2,000 to get to May Day. It is understandable for hotels to raise prices appropriately during holidays. After all, business is not good at ordinary times, and holidays can make a wave, but this increase is too outrageous. Most of the money spent on accommodation when going out for a visit.

　　@ Shh, don’t say anything: it’s outrageous for more than one hundred to rise to seven or eight hundred, and it’s outrageous for small hotels to rise to two or three hundred.

　　@ Xiang kaixin: I have been planning the May Day trip for a long time, but it’s outrageous to be turned away by the hotel price of 3 times the scenic spot …

　　@ Learn good Xinyi sauce: During the "May Day" period, the price of this hotel is outrageous, and the usual room type of 180 is "May Day" 899.

　　According to Ctrip’s report data, during the May Day holiday in 2021, the order volume of Ctrip platform hotels increased by 43% compared with the same period in 2019. Many high-star hotels have been hard to find a room, and the price of hotel orders has risen, surpassing the average price in 2019. Judging from the hotel booking trend of the platform, during the "May 1" period, orders for 4 and 5 diamond high-star hotels accounted for over 50%, and more tourists were willing to buy high-quality travel services in high-star hotels.

　　Lan Xiang, dean of the Qunar Big Data Research Institute, believes that as early as this year’s Spring Festival, the "May 1" hotel reservations have increased significantly because a large number of suppressed travel needs have not been released. Lan Xiang said, "Although many tourists visited relatives and traveled during the just-concluded Qingming holiday, due to the length of the holiday, most of them will still choose ‘ May Day ’ Travel on holiday. "

　　Expert: it is not appropriate to interfere excessively with the price increase.

　　Zhang Yuhao, a lawyer of Beijing Weiheng Law Firm, said in an interview with Zhongxin Jingwei client that as the festival approaches, some homestay hotels balance the profit ratio of the whole year by appropriately raising prices, and such business practices may not constitute an illegal act of "driving up prices". "If the relevant operators join hands with neighboring operators in order to achieve violent profits within a certain period of time, and the price is greatly raised beyond a reasonable range; Or fabricate or disseminate false or related information, deliberately causing the price in this area to increase significantly beyond the reasonable range. If the above two situations occur, it may constitute ‘ Drive up prices ’ Illegal behavior. "

　　Zhou Mingxi, founder of Jingjian think tank, believes that the price increase of hotels or homestays is a market behavior that reflects the relationship between supply and demand. "In the period of oversupply, such as when the epidemic is serious, and in the traditional off-season of tourist cities, many five-star hotels sell for only three or four hundred yuan per night, which will definitely lose money from the perspective of operating costs. And the same room, in the peak season and holidays, the price of the room can reach several thousand yuan per night, the difference is multiplied. In the off-season, no one guarantees the income of the operators, and it is not appropriate to interfere excessively with the price increase in the peak season. "

　　"It should be noted that the market supervision department should focus on monitoring whether the hotel price is transparent, whether the room is hygienic and safe, whether it is suspected of exaggerating false propaganda, etc., to avoid the situation that the quality is not proportional to the price." Zhou Mingxi said.

　　On June 21st, China Central Radio and Television Station and Tik Tok Group jointly held a cloud release event, announcing that Tik Tok Group will become the right-holding broadcaster in FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in 2022 and the strategic partner of CCTV’s live broadcast. Peng Jianming, member of the editorial meeting of the Central Radio and Television General Station and general manager of the General Manager’s Office, and Zhang Nan, CEO of Tik Tok Group, delivered speeches online and jointly launched the cooperation between the two parties.

　　Peng Jianming said in his speech that football is known as "the world’s first sport" and the World Cup is the top feast of this first sport, attracting the largest audience. CCTV has the exclusive TV and new media copyright and sub-licensing rights of FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in Chinese mainland in 2022. In order to ensure the broadcast quality and picture effect of this World Cup, CCTV will give full play to its strong ability and advantages in producing sports events, not only will it set up a special World Cup program production and broadcasting area in the International Broadcasting Center in front of Doha, A location studio will be built in Wachoff Square, which embodies rich regional characteristics, and the research and application achievements of new technologies such as 5G, 4K/8K, AI and big data will be fully utilized to realize the best viewing experience of the World Cup. Headquarters and Tik Tok Group have strong complementary advantages in copyright cooperation and new media communication. On the basis of good cooperation in the past, FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 in 2022 has created a new opportunity for cooperation between us, enabling us to join hands to jointly create and explore new cooperation modes and technical means, and jointly achieve better new media communication effects and greater social benefits. I believe that through the establishment of ties and close cooperation, we will be able to stimulate more innovations and breakthroughs in the coverage of the World Cup and fully release the infinite charm of this top-level event!

　　Zhang Nan said in his speech that Tik Tok has become a favorite product for many sports fans. Whether it is the live broadcast of sports events, the re-creation of sports videos, or the knowledge sharing of fitness experts, the sports ecology in Tik Tok is getting richer and richer. For the upcoming World Cup, Tik Tok, like everyone else, is full of expectations, and will work closely with the reception desk to enrich everyone’s live broadcast experience by creating more interactive forms that are loved and creative, and present a wonderful and unforgettable World Cup feast for everyone.

　　Cao Yi, director of the Sports Youth Program Center of the Headquarters, Huang Ruigang, chairman and general manager of Zhongguang Film and Television Satellite Co., Ltd., Daniel lee, deputy director of the Sports Youth Program Center of the Headquarters, Yu Qin, deputy convener of the Audiovisual New Media Center of the Headquarters, Tashi Dhondup, Yu Xiaoqing and Xu Lijun, vice president of Tik Tok Group, Lang Fengwei, general manager of media cooperation of Tik Tok Group, Xu Yilong, general manager of Tik Tok Group Information Center, Shi Qiong, head of sports business of Tik Tok Group, and Ye Jueming Online.

　　CCTV News:Outside a hospital, vehicles are parked on both sides of the road, and there is only one lane in the middle of the road that is not wide. Near a school, vehicles waiting for children occupy two lanes in the same direction, and other vehicles can only bypass them to drive normally … …

△ Wuhan City’s vehicle illegal parking in August. The picture is from Ping An Wuhan

　　I believe many people have experienced similar scenes. In order to manage illegal parking, many cities have carried out special rectification of illegal parking of motor vehicles. The Wuhan Traffic Management Bureau recently released,From now until December 31st, there will be a reward for reporting illegal parking on roads in the central city of the city, with a maximum reward of 5,000 yuan.

　　Award criteria:

　　According to the circular, the traffic control department will conduct monthly statistical ranking on the number of effective illegal parking reports to the public, and give classified rewards to the top 150.

　　Number of top 10 and effective reportsMore than 600Per person5,000 yuanReward

　　Number of effective reports ranked 11th to 50th.More than 400Per person2000 yuanReward

　　Number of effective reports ranked from 51 to 150Over 200 casesPer person1000 yuanGive a reward.

　　Informants need real-name authentication.

　　Informants need real-name authentication, and the photos provided (three photos that meet the requirements)., should be able to clearly display the illegal vehicle type, license plate number, appearance characteristics, illegal behavior, illegal location, illegal time and other effective information.For the same illegal act reported by many people, the first whistleblower will be rewarded according to the time sequence of reporting registration.

　　Not only Wuhan, but also some cities have launched a reward report on traffic violations before.　

　　Shenzhen:

　　Shenzhen traffic police issued a report bonus of 1.36 million yuan in two years.

　　In December 2013, the Shenzhen Traffic Police officially launched a prize-winning report on road traffic violations in the city. As of December 2015,A total of 35,630 reports of various traffic violations were received, and bonuses of 1.36 million yuan were issued.　

　　General violations are included in the scope of reward reporting.

　　Shenzhen traffic police recently said that they decided to include general illegal acts in the scope of reward reporting.100 yuan will be rewarded for reporting traffic accidents or traffic jams caused by illegal parking.

　　Hangzhou

　　The highest reward 100 yuan does not include violations.

　　In March 2016, Hangzhou Traffic Police launched a reward mechanism for reporting key traffic violations and clues. Mainly aimed at 18 kinds of dynamic and hidden traffic violations in three categories, The highest reward is 100 yuan.. It should be noted that the scope of the trial reward report is the road within the main urban area of Hangzhou. At the same time,18 kinds of illegal acts do not include violations.

△ Hangzhou tries to report traffic violations with prizes. Citizens can be electronic policemen themselves.

　　How effective is the "reward report"?

　　Wuhan: Only 40 of the 1,800 photos and video traffic violation reports passed the preliminary examination.

　　Since August 15th, Wuhan has reported four types of traffic violations with prizes. By the beginning of September,The citizens submitted 1839 pictures and videos reflecting four types of traffic violations. After preliminary examination, only 40 reports were "qualified".Most of them lack the elements needed for punishment.

　　Will the reward for reporting traffic violations make the chaos of illegal parking better? Is it a perfect solution to report illegal parking with real name? Where does the reward for reporting come from? Is it reasonable and legal? Is there any legal risk?

Cctv review

　　For a long time, illegal parking is a difficult problem in the management of many cities in China. According to official data, the number of private cars in China reached 86.5 million in 2012.There are 20 cars per 100 families.It has become an "automobile society" in the sense of international standards. However, the rapid growth of private cars has also brought serious congestion, disorderly parking and other quite headache problems. If we want to solve the problem, we really need to "enlarge the trick".

　　There can be prizes for reporting, so you should use them with caution.

　　In daily management, the traffic police departments in many cities are faced with the problem of insufficient manpower.Wuhan adopts the method of mobilizing the masses, so that every citizen can become a supervisor of civilized parking and a whistleblower of illegal parking, which can not only assist the police in law enforcement, but also give play to the spirit of urban ownership of the general public. In fact, some violations also hinder the normal life of many citizens, and it is reasonable to report them.

　　From this perspective, reporting traffic violations is conducive to people’s participation in law enforcement. There can be, butOnce the report is involved with the "prize", it will increase the utilitarian color and easily lead to new problems.. Reward reporting is a double-edged sword and should be used with caution.

　　First of all, according to the rules of Wuhan, the traffic control department will give classified rewards to the top 150 people who report illegal parking with real names, whichWhether the implementation will lead to a large number of people complaining and reporting in the first few days of each month, and the rest of the time will make the public lack the motivation to report.

　　In addition, members of the public are encouraged to report crimes in order to assist law enforcement. However, in the process of reporting, each whistleblower also needs to provide corresponding photos and evidence.For such reporting materials, it is also necessary to arrange manpower for verification and verification, so that the punishment is justified.This also brings new manpower demand and work pressure. Whether the cost of law enforcement has dropped is unknown.

　　More importantly, rewarding citizens for reporting will inevitably breed "reporting professionals".If the reward report is abused, the whistleblower will bet all his money on the prize, and the result may lead to the prevalence of "fishing".There have been cases where a professional photographer deliberately violated the rules, and on the difference between reporting bonuses and simple violations, he started an illegal farce of "one willing to fight and one willing to suffer" to deceive the traffic control department.This kind of behavior undermines the due process of law enforcement and distorts the original intention of law enforcement. In addition, the problems brought by professional counterfeiting are also a lesson from the past.

　　Encourage the reporting of traffic violations and prevent legal risks.

　　The law cannot be done without authorization. In a modern society ruled by law, any force participating in social governance must take legitimacy as the basic premise.According to Article 47 of the Procedures for Handling Administrative Cases by Public Security Organs: "Public security organs shall promptly accept cases of reporting, accusing, reporting, being turned over by the masses or surrendering illegal suspects, and cases transferred by other administrative departments and judicial organs … …” .Informants subjectively report illegal acts and objectively provide the illegal information to law enforcement agencies. If it is not used for other purposes and is not disseminated in public media,Even if the reported person is punished by law enforcement agencies for the relevant reporting clues, it does not constitute infringement in the sense of civil law.

　　But in reality, the introduction of every policy will have certain risks. In the process of reporting traffic violations, people face some legal risks.For example, will it cause information leakage (there are countless problems of personal information leakage now), will there be informants using mobile phones to shoot evidence while driving, or will they be in danger when shooting evidence, and so on.This requires law enforcement agencies to design in advance when formulating policies.

△ data map

　　Bonus distribution should be open, objective and fair.

　　Once the issue of bonus payment is involved, utilitarian chips are added. Where does the money to reward the people come from? How to distribute it?For example, who was rewarded for reporting what kind of violations? All these should be done.Information is open, objective and fair, and black-box operation is prevented.Moreover, in this process, how to protect the information of the whistleblower and how to effectively protect the whistleblower’s information while making it public need to be carefully arranged.Practically there are laws to follow and rules to follow.

　　In addition, what is the effect of the reward-reporting measures? The masses took a lot of photos to report traffic violations, but what was the adoption rate? Can it effectively alleviate road traffic problems? These problems are worth thinking about.If, after the report, the violation of the regulations does not improve, but the resulting fines increase, this may cause the public to question the real purpose of this move.After all, there is basically no public account of where a large number of traffic violation fines go every year.

　　Traffic management is a big project, which also includes the management of static traffic. It is of course necessary to punish illegal parking effectively, but at the same time, it should be effectively diverted. How to make a better plan, how to increase the effective supply of parking spaces, and whether the use efficiency of parking spaces can be gradually improved are all related to the effect of our control of parking and misplacing.Reward reporting is not a normal law enforcement, and a society ruled by law needs normal law enforcement. It is expected that a series of combination boxing will be introduced, supplemented by rigid punishment and law enforcement, and the phenomenon of parking will finally be effectively controlled.

　　Wen Yi, a special contributor to CCTV commentary, Lin Zhi.

　　Yue Shenshan, an expert on legal issues

　　Tianjin University Beiyang Power Team participated in the Formula Car Competition for Chinese College Students. Photo courtesy of Tianjin University

　　If you ask a candidate who has just finished the college entrance examination, what is "machinery"? Perhaps the answers will be "gear", "lathe in the factory" and "robot", and at the same time, we should think of the impressions of "wide application" and "everywhere in production and life".

　　Before learning machinery, Zhuang Zheming’s concept of machinery came from the cartoon "Transformers" he saw when he was a child. He chose the major of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation in the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University with a vision for robots. He graduated this year and fulfilled his dream of "robot" with a graduation design work of "snake robot". This work also won him the first prize in the 13th Graduation Design Competition.

　　Let the students who have just entered the school gate and are still a little ignorant about the concept of mechanical discipline know more about the connotation of machinery when they leave the school gate, and plant a seed of "big machinery" that is "new and new" through "professional blending and advantage integration", and have the ability and experience of innovation and entrepreneurship, which is the concept and practice of "3 integration and 4 behavior" talent training exploration in the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University.

　　"Three-in-one and four-in-one" means to further emphasize and attach importance to the cultivation of compound and innovative talents on the basis of the traditional training objectives of knowledge, ability and quality, put forward the reform concept of integration, sharing and innovation, construct the "three-in-one" guarantee system of professional integration, resource integration and teacher integration, and explore the "four-in-one" training mode with team as the body, scientific research as the source, innovation as the foundation and entrepreneurship as the purpose.

　　The dilemma of "3A College"

　　In Tianjin University, as a discipline established at the beginning of the school in 1895, machinery is an "old discipline" of the same age as the school. In the view of Wang Tianyou, president of the School of Mechanical Engineering, the development history of mechanical discipline in modern China has always stood at the forefront of history, but compared with a hundred years ago, "machinery" has undergone earth-shaking changes from the outside to the inside.

　　The three first-level disciplines of the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University: mechanical engineering, mechanics and power engineering and engineering thermophysics, were all rated as "A" in the fourth round of national discipline evaluation, so the School of Mechanical Engineering is also called "3A College" of Tianjin University. The college has four undergraduate majors: mechanical design, manufacturing and automation, engineering mechanics, energy and power engineering and industrial design. Each major has a unique historical advantage and a strong disciplinary advantage. "Just like the four brothers in a big family, they are all wonderful and all ‘ Take care of each other ’ Live happily. Daily teaching and student defense, including teachers, are very independent. " Talking about the situation of three disciplines in the college more than ten years ago, Cao Shuqian, vice president of the college in charge of teaching, said that this has caused some problems in student training, the most obvious of which is that students’ knowledge and ability are single, and their ability to cross and cross borders is not strong; The superior teaching resources are scattered, and the students’ innovation platform is poorly shared. However, due to the prevailing atmosphere of emphasizing scientific research over teaching in domestic universities at that time, teachers’ investment in teaching was relatively insufficient and they lacked initiative in teaching reform.

　　At that time, the speed of knowledge updating and interdisciplinary research in the international scope was accelerating, the coverage of major in mechanical engineering was getting wider and wider, and the development of new economy and new industry was changing with each passing day. There was an urgent need for compound and innovative engineering talents with cross-border and innovative ability. Obviously, the compartmentalized education and teaching organization model can’t meet the requirements of talent training.

　　Tear off the "label"

　　On the one hand, under the baton of scores, students’ enthusiasm for participating in innovative and entrepreneurial projects is not fully encouraged; On the other hand, the habitual identity consciousness of "you are mechanical", "I am dynamic" and "he is mechanical" has become an invisible "label" attached to teachers’ hearts, and teachers’ motivation for interdisciplinary teaching to cultivate talents is not recognized.

　　In order for teachers to devote more energy to undergraduate teaching and students to devote more energy to innovation, it is necessary to change the meaning of grades and tear off the inherent identity "label" in teachers’ hearts.

　　"The first thing to change is the meaning of the score." Cao Shuqian said that when there were only 2 credits in innovative courses at that time, the college increased the weight of scientific and technological innovation in students’ total scores, so that students’ scores were not only the exam results of the courses, whether in the evaluation of Excellence or in the insurance research. For example, the College issued the Implementation Measures of School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University to Encourage Students to Participate in Extracurricular Science and Technology Competition (Trial), which clearly stipulates that undergraduates who won the top three awards in Class A projects during their studies (the weighted scores in the first three years were in the top 60% of their majors), undergraduates who won the top two awards in Class B projects and special group projects in Class C will be given extra points on the basis of the average weighting of students when they are exempted from graduate students. Award-winning for different projects can be accumulated separately. At the same time, the determination of the workload of competition instructors and the recognition and reward of competition award-winning instructors (coaching staff) have also been clearly defined.

　　"All courses are open and teachers are open. Which course do you want to talk about, after passing a series of processes such as training, assessment, class assistance, collective lesson preparation and trial class, you can join the teaching team of the course and walk onto the podium. " Cao Shuqian said, teachers of public courses in disciplines get through, teachers of cross-disciplines in colleges get through, and the professional/disciplinary boundaries are broken … … At the beginning of the reform, the college has set up 17 teaching teams, 35 responsible posts and backbone posts, and teaching posts in several disciplines. Teachers’ performance and promotion are directly linked to teaching. This kind of teacher team integration and curriculum integration, on the one hand, has realized the adjustment and optimization of teaching teachers according to students’ needs, on the other hand, has promoted teachers’ investment in teaching, guaranteed the construction of important teaching projects, and improved the teaching effect as a whole.

　　Blend and create new things.

　　The team of teachers in the college has been opened, and the problem of sharing teaching resources and innovation platforms has been solved. The scattered 19 teaching laboratories were integrated into 4 experimental teaching centers, of which 3 were approved as national experimental teaching demonstration centers; Establish two national engineering education practice centers; Six national excellent courses and resource sharing courses have been built, and a group of innovation and entrepreneurship platforms has been built. The integration of platform and resources provides students with a broader platform for innovation and entrepreneurship, and also allows students to feel the struggle of youth in the initial experience of innovation and entrepreneurship and find the future direction.

　　Liu Songtao, the founder of Chenxing (Tianjin) Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., founded Astro Boy, a high-end parallel robot brand, after studying in the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University for 7 years, and won the gold medal in the final of the 4th China "internet plus" University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition. Looking back on his own road of innovation and entrepreneurship, Liu Songtao believes that the experience of participating in the "Beiyang Power" team as an undergraduate made him experience the process of "entrepreneurship" for the first time. When he entered the laboratory in his junior year, he cooperated with his classmates to complete the research and development of a prototype of a new four-degree-of-freedom parallel robot product and won the first prize in the graduation design competition, which encouraged him to embark on the road of innovation and entrepreneurship.

　　Compared with the seniors, Zhuang Zheming, who won the first prize in the graduation design competition this year, has the same rich experience in innovation and entrepreneurship: IEEE China Robot Design Competition, National Mobile Internet Innovation Competition (University Group), First Prize of National Renewable Energy Science and Technology Competition for College Students and National Youth Environmental Protection Competition & HELIP; … For Zhuang Zheming, the process of participating in the innovation and entrepreneurship competition is a process of teamwork, continuous learning and self-enrichment.

　　"4 for" promising

　　"Students’ bi-design comes from scientific research, innovation (college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training program) comes from scientific research, competition comes from scientific research, students’ cross-disciplinary team cooperation and teachers’ cross-disciplinary guidance run through the whole process of students’ innovative training, and students’ innovative thinking and ability as well as their ability to solve complex engineering problems are fully exercised." In Wang Tianyou’s view, the "four-for-one" training mode with team as the body, scientific research as the source, innovation as the foundation and entrepreneurship as the purpose provides an effective path for the training of compound and innovative talents of traditional engineering majors.

　　Today, as the first mechanical undergraduate graduation design competition in China, it has been held for 13 consecutive sessions, expanding from the original college to 14 universities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and Central and East China. The entries involved more than 10 major mechanical engineering majors, including mechanical design and manufacturing and automation, industrial design, energy and power engineering, engineering mechanics, process equipment and control engineering, and thousands of students participated.

　　All students realize the cultivation of basic innovation by participating in teachers’ scientific research projects and carrying out graduation projects; Teachers extract innovation projects and discipline competitions from scientific research projects, and more than half of the students realize the promotion and innovation training by participating in innovation and competition projects; Some students extract entrepreneurial projects from big innovation and competition projects to create technology companies. Student innovation projects have increased from 37 in 2012 to more than 100 projects every year; Students independently set up scientific and technological entrepreneurial teams from scratch, and now there are 14 and 12 registered scientific and technological companies.

　　In the eyes of teachers and students, the training mode of "three in one and four in one" promotes the ability and level, and it is also the enthusiasm and passion for continuous innovation and entrepreneurship, which is the fashion password of century-old machinery. (Correspondent Liu Xiaoyan)

　　On February 27th, 2023, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Overall Layout Plan of Digital China Construction (hereinafter referred to as "the Plan"). The Plan points out that speeding up the construction of digital China is of great significance and far-reaching influence on building a socialist modern country and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way. The Plan also points out that it is necessary to strengthen the supply of high-quality online cultural products, guide various platforms and netizens to create and produce positive, healthy and upward-oriented online cultural products, and further promote the digital development of culture and implement the national cultural digital strategy. Teenagers are the vanguard force to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, the new force to achieve the goal of the second century and build a socialist modern power, and they can’t be absent from the overall layout of the construction of digital China. It is one of the core essentials of the construction of digital China to let minors enjoy the universal and convenient digital culture and get high-quality development in the digital society.

　　According to the "Research Report on Internet Use of Minors in China in 2021" (hereinafter referred to as "Report") issued by the Central Rights and Interests Department of the Communist Youth League and China Internet Information Center, the top five online use behaviors of minors are online learning (88.9%), listening to music (63.0%), playing games (62.3%) and chatting (53.4%). It can be seen that minors mainly use the Internet for learning and entertainment, especially through the Internet. According to the report, nearly 40% of minors learn extracurricular knowledge through the internet, and more than 70% think that the internet is helpful for learning. This shows that the internet use of minors is gradually changing from "toys" to "tools" and from entertainment to knowledge.

　　Karl Mannheim, a German sociologist, believes that knowledge is characterized by openness and mobility in the process of modern society. The knowledge of short video platform broke the knowledge barrier, changed the linear and self-contained characteristics in the past, and showed the characteristics of networking and knowledge sharing. Through the reorganization and transformation of knowledge, it creates a learning space and platform with diverse contents and rich forms for people, which makes the boundary of knowledge learning in the digital age more extended and integrated, and serves the minors and provides them with an important channel to broaden their horizons and increase their knowledge. The short video is visual, scene-oriented and practical, which is more in line with the cognitive law of minors. Therefore, the Report also shows that nearly half of minors study through short video platforms. Among them, 34.0% are primary school students, 61.8% are junior high school students, 65.1% are senior high school students and 64.7% are secondary vocational school students. It can be seen that the proportion of minors over 12 years old who are exposed to short videos is higher. Minors watch short videos of learning knowledge such as exam counseling and classroom knowledge, accounting for nearly 40%, and watch short videos of interest knowledge such as piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, historical geography, sports and dance, and watch short videos of leisure knowledge such as tourism and food, accounting for nearly half. Moreover, short video platforms such as Tik Tok have also become the main channels for minors to expand their cognition.

　　Facing the brand-new learning style of minors in the digital age, how to use short videos scientifically and reasonably has become a new topic for family rearing and school education in the digital age. Some parents worry that their children are addicted to short videos, but psychological research believes that addictive behavior needs six elements: goal, feedback, progress, challenge, suspense and socialization. That is to say, users are more likely to be addicted if there are six elements in the process of using a product: having a goal, getting feedback in time, getting rewards frequently, constantly encountering new challenges, uncertain results and having social attributes. Moreover, whether it is addictive or not is closely related to the user’s living conditions, psychological conditions, interpersonal relationships and family upbringing. Although short videos have increased people’s sensory experience more comprehensively than words or pictures, they also have social and entertainment attributes, but they do not have these six elements at the same time. The shortcomings of the short video platform, which mainly transmits information, in constructing a new field of knowledge learning are mainly the homogenization of content and the diversification of value. Parents, teachers and other adults should help minors to make good use of the knowledge resources of short video platforms, so that children can enjoy high-quality digital culture through entertaining. Short video is rich in content, diverse in forms, strong in story, short and pithy, and it is more convenient to "brush the screen" in free leisure time, so it has also become people’s leisure products. In order to better transform its entertainment into education and fully integrate entertainment and education, adults need to have high digital literacy.Give more practical help and guidance to minors.

　　Parents and teachers should empower minors and create a digital environment suitable for their development. At the World Digital Education Conference held in February 2023, the Ministry of Education issued "Teachers’ Digital Literacy", requiring teachers to make good use of digital education resources to guide students’ learning. Similarly, parents also urgently need to improve their digital literacy, enhance their digital thinking, digital cognition and digital skills, and make good use of the digital cultural resources of the Internet platform with their children to develop a green and intelligent lifestyle. Parents and teachers should pay special attention to the following relationships in order to make children benefit from opening books to opening screens, and from simple entertainment to entertaining:

　　Balance online life and offline life. The development of the Internet has increased the inclusiveness of knowledge and brought new learning experiences and knowledge acquisition channels to children. Parents and teachers should pay special attention to guiding children to balance online life and offline life. We should not only pay attention to enriching children’s online life, so that children can live a quality digital life, but also pay attention to children’s offline leisure, social, family life and campus life, so that children can have a healthy and positive offline life, which is more conducive to children’s online life and offline practice.

　　Balance entertainment and education. Knowledge in the visual and interesting packaging of short videos makes children feel more interesting and easier to learn. However, in the eyes of many parents and teachers, they always feel "unlike" learning, because in the eyes of adults, they should "learn from the sea and work hard." As the children of the Internet aborigines, it seems that fun is the last word. Parents and teachers should pay attention to balance the relationship between the two, not only to meet the needs of the network generation for learning change, so that children can gain a sense of participation and belonging in their studies, but also to increase education in entertainment, so that children will not get lost in the network in joy, thus dispelling the "heavy feeling" of learning.

　　Balance short and systematic. Shortness is both an advantage and a disadvantage of short video. Short knowledge is more convenient for students to watch and more suitable for children’s short attention time. However, learning knowledge also needs to be systematized, so as to avoid "the blind touch the elephant". Parents and teachers should make good use of their advantages, and at the same time, they should consciously guide their children to build the knowledge system they need, and conduct multi-dimensional and multi-level discussions around a certain topic and a certain kind of problems, so that children can overcome the problems brought by short video learning.

　　Balance child practice and child protection. The barrage, comments and live broadcast of short videos are more interactive, which is also a "double-edged sword". The advantage is that children have more opportunities to participate, think and interact when learning online, but the problem is that it may also bring risks to minors. Therefore, we should not only encourage minors to participate in more practice, but also do a good job in protecting the rights and interests of minors. In particular, parents and teachers need to enhance their awareness of child protection, improve their digital literacy and that of minors, so that every child can enjoy the fun of knowledge learning.

　　Text/Sun Hongyan

　　(Director, Institute of Children and Adolescents, China Youth Research Center)

To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), a major revolutionary historical TV series "Midstream Hit the Water" produced by the Central Radio and Television General Station, filmed by the TV Drama Documentary Center of the General Station, and contracted by the China TV Drama Production Center Co., Ltd. landed on CCTV-1 for its prime-time premiere tonight!

Guided by the "Red Boat Spirit", the TV series Hit the Water in the Middle Stream tells the historical process of the birth, development and growth of the Communist Party of China (CPC) during the ten years from the May 4th Movement in 1919 to the victory in Jinggangshan in 1928.

　　Wu Guanghui, chief designer of Comac C919 and ARJ21, has won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress and the first prize for national defense scientific and technological achievements. A key model won the first prize of China Aviation Industry Corporation I and the first prize of the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Committee.

　　"Many aircraft parts are made in China and fly in the sky every day. C919 has gone through nearly seven years, and has done a lot of design, calculation and experiments. I am definitely willing to take this plane first. "

　　— — Wu Guanghui

　　These days, in the commercial aircraft test center of China Commercial Aircraft Corporation, the newly-built Zhuqiao test hangar in Pudong is spacious and bright. In the hangar, the landing gear that originally supported the domestic large passenger plane C919 was all put into the landing gear cabin, and three air springs like "jacks" lifted the plane into mid-air. What is going on here is the ground resonance test and modal coupling test of the whole aircraft that must be completed before the first flight, which means that the C919 has officially entered the final sprint stage before the first flight.

　　C919 is a domestic large passenger plane independently designed and developed by China. It is a short-haul single-aisle narrow-body passenger plane with more than 150 seats. In the future, it will compete with internationally renowned commercial aircraft such as Airbus 320 series and Boeing 737 series for orders. The manufacturer China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. recently announced that the C919 plans to make its first flight in the first half of 2017 and will fully launch the wide-body passenger aircraft project. It can be said that after nearly 10 years of hard work, China people’s dream of "big plane" will soon become a reality.

　　① Rigorous test to ensure safety.

　　To fly into the blue sky, a plane must first practice a pair of steel bars and iron bones. For the C919, which carries the dream of a big plane for Chinese people, the significance of the test is even more significant. This is the first large passenger plane made by China people, and its safety cannot be lost.

　　For this reason, C919 has undergone a series of tests like "torture". Among them, the 2.5g static test of the whole aircraft started in early November last year is the most severe and significant one since the birth of the C919.

　　This test mainly tests the strain and deformation of the "skeleton" of the body under constant external loading. In layman’s terms, this kind of test is to let the aircraft simulate the stress situation when challenging air flight on the ground, and go beyond the natural limit to verify how much force the aircraft can bear.

　　Before the start of the experiment, the researchers covered the whole body with white adhesive tape, which is a resistance strain gauge that can sensitively measure stress and strain close to the surface of the body, just like doing electrocardiogram for the plane. During the test, the load starts to rise at the level of 5%, and the load must be kept for 3 seconds every time. "The structure must be able to withstand the ultimate load for 3 seconds without damage." Zhou Liang Dao, deputy chief designer of the C919 passenger plane, said that the preparation behind the team took more than 300 days for this short three seconds.

　　With the continuous loading, the aircraft began to show obvious external reflection, and the wing began to tilt up a little. Finally, when the load reaches 100% of the test outline, the wing tip tilts up to nearly 2 meters, which is highly consistent with the strength analysis before the test, which shows that the test is successful and its strong "bones" and body are enough to support flying into the blue sky.

　　This is just a small step in the long March before the first flight of the plane. A passenger plane has to complete 13 static tests in 48 working conditions, including pressurization in the booster cabin, front lifting connection, main lifting connection, whole aircraft condition, vertical tail and rudder, as well as "three-bird test" such as iron bird, copper bird and electric bird and joint test of the whole aircraft system. Therefore, researchers have made independent innovations in system integration experiments.

　　In the comprehensive test hall of Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, the iron bird test-bed with little difference from the C919 real machine looks like an eagle with wings spread and its tail stuck high. Don’t underestimate this test-bed. Its full name is "Integrated Test-bed for Flight Control Hydraulic System", which mainly tests the landing gear, wings and other mechanical systems of aircraft. In order to ensure the authenticity of the system test, the iron bird test-bed is designed according to the 1:1 ratio of the real aircraft, so that the mechanical installation interfaces of the flight control, hydraulic and landing gear systems are the same as those of the aircraft.

　　Next to the Iron Bird Test Bench, there is also a "Copper Bird" that tests power supply systems such as power generation and distribution, and also restores the real state of the machine to 1:1 for equipment installation. "Iron Bird", "Copper Bird" and the avionics system test called "Electric Bird" will eventually be all connected, thus forming a "three-bird joint test" to simulate the state of the aircraft.

　　In the experiment, researchers conducted a comprehensive test on the aircraft system. Take the avionics system as an example. At most, there are more than 100,000 parameters in a test. These parameters should be tested one by one to find out the possible omissions in the design. "Our goal is not to take the fault to the sky." Yu Shenghui, senior engineer of the General Aerodynamics Department of Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute, said.

　　According to the plan, six testing machines are carrying out joint testing of the whole machine system, and customer service engineering and airworthiness work are also being carried out simultaneously.

　　②C919 is genuine China goods.

　　As the first large passenger plane with completely independent intellectual property rights in China, C919 has been frequently questioned since it was established in 2006: an aircraft whose engine, avionics core processing system and some materials all depend on foreign products or technologies, why should it be said to be "made in China"?

　　In fact, to evaluate the innovation of C919, we may need to draw lessons from a fairy tale named Pony Crossing the River. This story is about a pony crossing a river. A cow next to it said, "The water is very shallow, just without a calf, so you can cross it." But the squirrel in the tree said, "The water is deep and will drown." So, is the river deep or shallow? Finally, the pony got off the river by himself and carefully waded to the other side. It found that the river was neither as shallow as the cow said, nor as deep as the squirrel said. The same is true for the development and innovation of C919. Everyone should not only see the major innovations achieved in the process of aircraft development, but also objectively admit the existing shortcomings.

　　According to international standards, judging whether an airplane is made in China or assembled depends on whether it meets three conditions. 1. Who owns the property right of the whole machine? Second, who is the core team to develop the whole machine? Third, who holds the key link in the development of the whole machine? For C919, the answer to these three questions is China.

　　The person in charge of Comac in China said that the property right of the C919 is owned by Comac in China. The team of Comac in China is the core of the development, and the key links such as aircraft design, final assembly, test flight and sales are in the hands of Comac in China.

　　As for foreign companies providing parts or technology, this is a common thing in the global aviation manufacturing industry. Aviation manufacturing giants such as Boeing and Airbus also use foreign products on many key components when developing aircraft.

　　However, for equipment like engines, the C919 chose the LEAP-X1C engine jointly developed by the United States and France, which is the only foreign starting power device selected by the C919. It should be said that the engine is indeed a major constraint in the development of China’s large aircraft, and it can only be sought from people at present. However, I believe that in 10 to 15 years, China will be able to develop its own advanced aero-engine for large aircraft.

　　③ Have a number of scientific and technological innovations.

　　Experts said that the C919 was completely designed and integrated independently, with outstanding technical indicators. It is the persistent innovation of researchers who have sharpened their swords for ten years that has led to the high-tech C919, which integrates many key technologies.

　　However, what did C919 look like when it was approved as one of the 16 major projects in the national medium-and long-term science and technology planning in January 2006? What difficulties may be encountered in the development? Due to the limitation of western aviation powers in technology introduction, China researchers have no idea and can only cross the river by feeling the stones.

　　In November 2008, the C919 project was launched. A large passenger aircraft joint engineering team composed of 468 experts from 47 domestic and foreign units, plus a large passenger aircraft expert consulting group composed of 20 academicians and experts, started from sketches and gradually sorted out the first batch of 14 special technical research projects that need to be started.

　　Among these key technologies, there are several that must be mentioned. For example, the "supercritical airfoil" that makes airplanes more fuel efficient. A large passenger airliner is an out-and-out "oil tiger". In order to reduce fuel consumption, the wing design of C919 uses a supercritical airfoil, which improves the cruise aerodynamic efficiency by more than 20% and reduces drag by about 8%.

　　Another unique innovation is the adoption of the third generation Al-Li alloy materials. It is the first time in China that the world’s advanced third-generation Al-Li alloy materials are widely used in the main structure of C919. Compared with ordinary aluminum alloy, this lightweight metal material with high damage resistance has greater strength and lighter weight under the same strength, which is very important to realize the weight reduction of aircraft structure and greatly improve the service life of aircraft.

　　In addition, as the "brain" of the C919, the avionics system of the aircraft has realized "giving all the work to the network". Compared with the old version of the network, which was widely used before but had limited bandwidth, the new aviation bus communication protocol adopted by C919 not only has high bandwidth but also shares resources, which means that the signals that originally needed to be transmitted through several cables can now be transmitted by one cable. Experts said that this is like we need to run 10 trains from A to B, but we don’t need to build 10 railways. We only need a set of double-track railways and a reliable signal system.

　　According to Wu Guanghui, the chief designer of C919, the developers have planned 102 key technical problems, and many advanced materials have been applied on a large scale in domestic civil aircraft for the first time. The development process of millions of parts and airborne systems is highly parallel. In order to overcome these technical difficulties, 22 provinces and cities, more than 200 enterprises, 36 universities and hundreds of thousands of industrial personnel participated in the development of C919 large passenger aircraft, and 16 material manufacturers and 54 standard parts manufacturers including Baosteel became suppliers or potential suppliers of large passenger aircraft projects.

　　Our reporter Peng Xunwen