Cctv news (Reporter Liu Ying) On May 25th, China E-commerce Innovation and Development Summit opened in Guiyang. Yuan Renguo, chairman of China Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co., Ltd., delivered a speech at the opening ceremony. He said that integrating Internet thinking and big data into corporate strategy and production and operation, using 3-mdash; Five years to build big data Maotai, strengthen the seamless connection with consumers, and form a global big data platform such as manufacturing, trading and interactive industry chain and diversified expansion of Maotai, so that Maotai’s high-quality data can continue to be the most important data assets of the enterprise and continuously improve its core competitiveness, industrial competitiveness, brand influence and market share.

　　The following is the full text of Yuan Renguo’s speech:

　　Dear Governor Sun, distinguished leaders, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, friends. As a leading enterprise in Guizhou Province and liquor industry, Maotai Group is honored to discuss the development of big data with industry leaders, experts, scholars and elites from the global big data field.

　　Big data has brought changes to the manufacturing industry as much as the invention of steam engines and electricity has promoted the industrial revolution. In recent years, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and Premier Li Keqiang have repeatedly given clear instructions on the implementation of the big data strategy and the internet plus Action Plan. The Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government attached great importance to big data and made a decision to promote the strategic action of big data in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan". Big data has opened a brand-new era. Artificial intelligence, virtual reality technology, augmented reality technology, mixed reality technology, unmanned controllers and new sensors are on the rise. Everyone has a terminal, things can be sensed, and the Internet can be accessed everywhere. In real time, under the general trend of connected everything, data has become a valuable resource asset and production factor. The connection between Maotai and global consumers has increased the connection of big data on the basis of traditional connections, achieving zero distance from the world.

　　Maotai’s craft is one of the living fossils of China’s manufacturing industry, and it is the representative of China’s traditional craftsman spirit. At present, world-renowned wine companies are carrying out big data reform, intelligent production, and informationization of the whole industry chain. Maotai deeply integrates big data, the Internet and the craftsman spirit, and leads Maotai’s innovative development with the big data revolution. First of all, Maotai built an Internet of Things cloud business platform to realize the data traceability of the whole industry chain. Maotai built the first comprehensive category trading platform integrating grassroots B2B2C, industrial financial services, collection and auction in the domestic liquor industry, and the trend of each bottle of Moutai can be quickly merged into the most valuable information of the company, which constitutes the big data of the whole industry chain of the company. At the same time, consumers can also know the production and sales links of each bottle of Moutai in their hands through the quality traceability system. We will interact with online and offline, actively and flexibly consume experiences and personalized needs.

　　This year, Maotai used Internet technology to establish an information system for brewing production technology, from brewing to smart brewing. A bottle of Moutai has to go through 30 supply and demand and 165 technological links, and it will take at least five years. In the window of traditional enterprises facing the discovery and utilization of new growth drivers, under the background of Global Industry 4.0, Maotai has established an information system for collecting, counting and feeding back brewing production data.

　　We will further promote the revolution and innovation of big data, better serve the global consumers from the traditional space to the Internet space, and extend the real-time interaction between service consumers and global consumers, and integrate Internet thinking and big data into corporate strategy and production and operation, using 3— Five years to build big data Maotai, strengthen the seamless connection with consumers, and form a global big data platform such as manufacturing, trading, interactive whole industry chain and diversified expansion of Maotai, so that Maotai’s high-quality data can continue to be the most important data assets of the enterprise and continuously improve its core competitiveness, industrial competitiveness, brand influence and market share. Data creates value, innovation drives the future, and the integration of knowledge and practice in Guiyang is the birthplace of philosophical thought. To make the flower of dreams bear the fruit of career, it depends on promoting knowledge with knowledge and promoting knowledge with action. Breaking can promote vitality, and innovation can promote the future. In 1995, Maotai left a much-told story in Panama. Because of breaking and innovation, Maotai has become a world-famous brand with the largest sales volume and the strongest leading ability in the world.

　　Finally, welcome all of you to visit Maotai. You can appreciate the mellow taste of Maotai. Thank you!

　　"Cancel the recognition of housing and loan" and "encourage the elderly to buy houses with relatives" …… On March 1 this year, after Zhengzhou became the first city in China to relax the purchase restriction policy, many cities followed up and adjusted the purchase restriction policy.

　　Over 30 cities adjust the purchase restriction policy

　　According to the incomplete statistics of The Paper, this year, it includes Zhengzhou, Qinhuangdao, Fuzhou, Quzhou, Lanzhou, Shaoxing, Foshan, Shenyang, Huizhou, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Jurong, Changsha, Yangzhou, Hefei, Shenyang, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Yinchuan, Dalian, Harbin, Tangshan, Wuxi, Jiangmen, Guangzhou, Jiujiang, Nanjing, Wuhan.

　　In these cities, some announced the abolition of the original restrictive measures, some announced the narrowing of the scope of purchase restrictions, some lowered the threshold of purchase restrictions, and some cities made it clear that families with many children and relatives could increase the number of places to buy houses.

　　Take Tianjin as an example. On September 16th, according to "Tianjin Housing and Urban-Rural Development", the Tianjin Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee and other seven departments jointly issued the Notice on Further Improving the Real Estate Regulation Policy to Promote the Healthy Development of the Real Estate Industry (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). The Notice mentioned that new citizens and college graduates who are not registered in this city and are employed in this city can buy in Tianjin with social insurance or personal income tax certificates for six consecutive months.

　　According to the "Implementation Opinions on Deepening the Regulation of the Real Estate Market in Tianjin" issued by Tianjin on March 31, 2017, families with non-Tianjin household registration who purchase houses in this city need to provide proof of continuous payment of social insurance or personal income tax for more than 2 years in Tianjin within 3 years.

　　In terms of supporting the demand for improved housing, the Notice proposes that families with members aged 60 and above and families with many children who have two or more children can purchase another set of housing on the basis of the original housing purchase restriction policy in Tianjin with the household registration book.

　　Guan Rongxue, an analyst at Zhuge Housing Data Research Center, pointed out that in the original policy, it was clear that non-Tianjin registered residents were required to provide proof of continuous payment of social insurance or personal income tax for more than two years within three years in this city, and now it is adjusted to only provide social insurance or individual income tax for six consecutive months, which lowered the threshold for buying a house; Secondly, for families with members aged 60 and above and families with many children who have two or more children, one set can be purchased, which fully considers the housing needs of different age groups and reasonably relieves the contradiction between supply and demand.

　　The policy of Suzhou and Qingdao is now "one-day tour"

　　However, in the above-mentioned cities that announced the adjustment of the purchase restriction policy, there have also been cases in which policies have been introduced and adjusted.

　　Taking Qingdao as an example, on September 15th, WeChat official account, the official WeChat of Qingdao Urban and Rural Construction Bureau, released "Dynamic Improvement of Real Estate Policy in Qingdao". The New Deal is clear, and the purchase restriction policy will continue to be implemented in Shinan District and Shibei District (except the original Sifang District).

　　At the same time, continue to clarify the purchase of housing. For new commercial housing in the restricted area, local residents are restricted to purchase 2 sets, families with two children and three children can purchase 1 set, and foreign residents can purchase 1 set after living for half a year; Second-hand housing is no longer restricted.

　　However, on the same day, Qingdao Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau deleted the statement that "second-hand housing is no longer restricted".

　　On the afternoon of September 16th, the relevant staff of Qingdao Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau told The Paper that in the new policy, the restricted purchase area of second-hand houses has been adjusted, and the restricted purchase policy is still implemented for first-hand houses and second-hand houses in Shinan District and Shibei District, while the restricted purchase is released for first-hand houses and second-hand houses in other areas.

　　On September 14th, market news came out that Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province has made adjustments to the purchase restriction policy, and non-Suzhou local residents can directly purchase the first suite without providing proof of social security payment.

　　According to the New Deal, the six districts in Suzhou (including Xiangcheng District, gusu district District, Wuzhong District, Wujiang District, Industrial Park and High-tech Zone) have adjusted the policies for foreigners to buy the first suite, and it is no longer necessary to show social security certificates or tax certificates.

　　Subsequently, The Paper confirmed from the real estate departments in various districts that the above policies were indeed adjusted. However, on September 16th, The Paper learned from the real estate departments of gusu district, Xiangcheng District, Wuzhong District, High-tech Zone and Industrial Park in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province that the purchase restriction policies of gusu district, Xiangcheng District, Wuzhong District, High-tech Zone and Industrial Park for non-registered households have been restored to the original policy, that is, the conditions for non-registered households to purchase houses are to pay social security for six consecutive months in Suzhou within three years.

　　Chen Wenjing, director of market research in the Index Division of the Central Finger Research Institute, believes that under the guidance of the central government’s orientation of "housing and not speculating", the efforts of policy optimization in first-and second-tier cities are generally weak, and high-frequency small-step optimization in various places has become a major feature of real estate policy adjustment this year.

　　Chen Wenjing pointed out that the recent cancellation of the purchase restriction policies in Suzhou and Qingdao has been withdrawn, which further shows that "no speculation in housing" is still the bottom line of the policies. Among all kinds of restrictive policies, the restriction on the purchase of foreign household registration is an important firewall for core cities to achieve "housing and not speculation". In the short term, it is unlikely that hot second-tier cities will completely cancel the restriction on purchases. It is expected that more cities will gradually advance by giving priority to relaxing the restrictions on purchases in suburbs. At the same time, combined with the National Standing Committee at the end of August, "Allow local ‘ One city, one policy ’ From the expression of "flexible use of credit and other policies", it is more likely that second-tier cities will reduce the down payment ratio and optimize the "recognition of housing and loans" in the future.

　　From a national perspective, Chen Xiao, a senior analyst at Zhuge Housing Search Data Research Center, pointed out that from the perspective of policy trends, policy loosening has gradually shifted from the initial stage of mild relaxation such as initial housing subsidies and relaxation of provident fund loans to a more in-depth stage, that is, the policy loosening is stronger, the coverage is deeper, and the influence is more profound. At present, many cities have released policies to loosen restrictions on purchases, including some hot second-tier cities, and the degree of loosening has gradually expanded, which will play a substantial role in boosting the property market.

　　According to the monitoring data of Zhuge Housing Search Data Research Center, the sales area of new houses in 40 cities monitored in August was 14,882,000 square meters, down 10.08% from the previous month and 24.53% from the same period last year. 59,721 sets of second-hand houses were sold in 10 key cities, down 9.23% from the previous month and up 21.27% year-on-year.

Original KATY B?RNER and other intelligence clubs.

introduction

With the progress of science, the research on citation network, research results, science policy and so on has attracted more and more attention, and gradually formed an interdisciplinary subject-the Science of Science. In 2018, many scholars led by Albert-László Barabási, a network scientist, published a heavy review in Science, which comprehensively introduced this "high-level discipline" from the interdisciplinary methods of scientology and the guidance of scientology to improve scientific research productivity.

Santo Fortunato, Carl T. Bergstrom, Katy Brner et al | Author

Chen Xi |

Cui Haochuan | proofreading

Wangyi Lin, Deng Yixue | Editor

catalogue

I. Structure Summary

1. Background

2. Progress

Step 3 look ahead

Second, the text

1. Summary

2. A network of scientists, scientific research institutions and scientific research ideas.

3. Selection of research questions

4. Innovation

5. Dynamics of scientists’ academic career

6. Team research

7. The dynamics behind the cited quantity

8. Outlook

Attachment: References

I. Structure Summary

1. Background

Nowadays, with the increasing digital access to the whole process of scientific research, including scientific research fund support, academic production, scientist cooperation, citation of articles and career movement of scientists, people have gained unprecedented opportunities to explore the structure and development of science. The science of science (hereinafter abbreviated as SciSci) provides a quantitative understanding of the interaction between scientific units with different space and time scales: it allows us to understand the conditions behind "creativity" and the process of scientific discovery, and its ultimate goal is to develop a series of policies and tools that can accelerate scientific research.

In the past ten years, science of science has attracted scientists from natural, computer and sociological research backgrounds. Together, they built scientific research big data for empirical analysis and generation model research to capture the productivity behind science and the development and changes of practitioners. Scientology hopes to understand and promote various factors in scientific research more deeply, so as to solve environmental, social and technical problems more effectively.

Science can be regarded as an expanding and evolving network of ideas, scholars and papers. Science of science explores the universal laws of universal or specific fields based on scientific structure and dynamics.

2. Progress

Science can be described as a complex, self-organizing and evolving network. It consists of scholars, papers and ideas. This method of describing the problem explains many potential models, for example, the study of cooperative networks and the study of citation networks explain the birth of new disciplines and the birth of major discoveries. The microscopic model tracks the dynamics of citation accumulation, which enables us to predict the influence of a single paper in the future.

Scientology reveals the choices and trade-offs that scientists face in expanding their careers and scientific horizons. For example, the analysis shows that scholars don’t like risks and prefer to study topics related to their current professional knowledge, which limits their potential for future discovery. Those who are willing to break this pattern will engage in higher-risk careers, but they are more likely to make major breakthroughs.

In a word, the most innovative science is based on the traditional combination of disciplines, but this combination is often unprecedented. Finally, with the shift of research work from individuals to teams, scientology pays more and more attention to the influence and significance of teams in scientific research. Some studies have found that revolutionary ideas are usually born in small teams. In contrast, large teams tend to advance research in frontier areas and gain high but usually short-term influence.

Step 3 look ahead

Scientology provides a quantitative understanding of the structural framework among scientists, research institutions and ideas. It helps to identify the basic mechanism behind scientific discovery. These interdisciplinary data-driven contents supplement the contents of scientometrics and related fields such as economics and sociology of science.

Although scientology is eager for long-term universal laws and mechanisms applicable to all scientific fields, it first needs to face the inevitable differences in culture, habits and preferences between different fields and countries. This change makes it difficult to understand some cross-disciplinary opinions and implement relevant scientific policies. The differences between scientific research problems and data are generally related to the field, which also implies that the research of science of science will change accordingly in the future because of "subject characteristics"

Densification of scientific boundaries is also a signal of interdisciplinary exploration, integration and innovation.

Second, the text

1. Summary

Identifying the driving force behind scientific development and constructing a model that can capture scientific development can guide people to design policies to promote scientific progress. For example, by strengthening the policy design of scientists’ career path, better scientific performance evaluation, more effective funding design, and even identifying the frontier research that will be born. Scientology uses large-scale data about scientific production to find the laws and patterns of universal and specific disciplines. Here, we review the latest development of the interdisciplinary field of science of science.

A large number of digital data about academic output provide an unprecedented opportunity for exploring the model to characterize the structure and evolution of science. Scientology puts the process of scientific development under a microscope and has a quantitative understanding of the origin of scientific discovery, creativity and practice. It can develop tools and policies to accelerate scientific progress.

The emergence of scientology is driven by two key factors.

The first is the availability of data. In addition to the proprietary Web of Science(WoS), it is the first citation index with a long history, and there are many data sources today (Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, US Patent and Trademark Office, etc.). Some of these sources are provided free of charge, covering millions of data points related to scientists and their achievements, which come from all walks of life, north and south.

Secondly, scientology benefited from the influx and cooperation of natural, computational and social scientists, who developed data-based tools to enable key tests to run on generative models, aiming at revealing the phenomena discovered by science, their internal mechanisms and driving forces.

One of the highlights of this emerging field is the process of breaking the boundaries of disciplines. Scientology integrates research findings and theories from multiple disciplines and uses a wide range of data and methods.

From scientometrics, I learned the methods of analyzing and measuring large-scale data sets. From sociology of science, it learned some theoretical concepts and social processes; From innovation research, it explores ways from scientific discovery to invention and economic change.

Science of science depends on the integration of a wide range of quantitative methods, from descriptive statistics and data visualization to advanced econometric methods, network science methods, machine learning algorithms, mathematical analysis and computer simulation, including agent-based modeling.

The value proposition of scientology is based on the assumption that with the in-depth understanding of the factors behind successful scientific breakthroughs, we can grasp the scientific research progress as a whole, so as to solve social problems more effectively.

2. A network of scientists, research institutions and ideas.

Contemporary science is a dynamic system driven by the complex interaction among social structure, knowledge representa-tions and the natural world. Scientific knowledge consists of concepts and relationships in research papers, books, patents, software and other artificial products in academic fields. These contents are classified into disciplines and broader fields according to distance and closeness. These social, conceptual and material elements are interrelated through formal and informal information, ideas, scientific research practices, tools and case information flows.

Therefore, science can be described as a complex, self-organized and developing multiscale network.

Early research found that the number of scientific documents accumulated exponentially with time (2), and the number of documents would double in an average of 15 years (Figure 1). However, don’t think that scientific ideas have multiplied with the number of documents. The technology and economy of the publishing industry have also improved with time, and the production efficiency of published articles has also improved. In addition, newly published articles in the field of science tend to gather in different knowledge fields (3).

Through large-scale text analysis, researchers use phrases extracted from titles and abstracts to measure the cognitive degree of scientific literature. They found that the scope of scientific concepts expanded linearly with time. In other words, although the number of published articles increases exponentially, the new concept is that it increases linearly with the passage of time, as shown in Figure 1. （4）

Figure 1 The growth of science. (a) Extract the relationship between the annual output of literature and time in WoS database. (b) The growth of new scientific discoveries covered by indexed documents in B)WoS. This is determined by counting the number of concepts in a fixed number of articles (4).

Words and phrases commonly used in article titles and abstracts spread through citation networks, forming a pattern, which will be replaced by new paradigms at some time (5). By applying the network science method to the citation network, researchers can identify the communities corresponding to the subsets of published articles that frequently quote each other (6). These communities usually correspond to groups of authors (7) who share a common position on specific issues or practitioners (8) who work on the same specialized scientific topics. Recently, an article focusing on biomedical science shows how the growth of publications has strengthened the "subject community" (9).

Once a new paper is published, the relationship between scientists, drugs, diseases and methods ("these things" are nodes in network analysis), that is, hyperedge in network analysis, will be updated and strengthened. Most newly established links are only one or two steps away from each other, which means that when scientists choose new research topics, they prefer to choose content directly related to the current professional knowledge or the professional knowledge of their collaborators. This densification shows that the existing scientific structure may limit people’s research content in the future.

Densification of scientific boundaries is also a signal of interdisciplinary exploration, integration and innovation.

The life cycle analysis of eight research fields (10) shows that successful fields have gone through the process of knowledge and social unification, which leads to a huge channel in the collaborative network (104), which can be compared with a large group of co-authors under normal conditions. The mathematical model in which a scientist random walks to choose a collaborator on the cooperative network successfully reproduces the productivity of the author, the number of authors in each discipline, and the interdisciplinary nature between the content of the paper and the author (11).

3. Selection of research questions

How do scientists decide which research problems to study? Scientific sociologists have long speculated that these choices are determined by the tense game between the risks of traditional research and innovation (12, 13). Scientists who adhere to the tradition of research in their fields will usually promote the research process of key topics by publishing a series of steady research results, thus appearing fruitful.

However, focusing too much on a topic may limit researchers’ ability to perceive and seize opportunities. These opportunities can find new ideas to promote the development of this field. For example, a case study on the relationship between biomedical scientists’ choice of new chemicals and existing chemicals shows that with the maturity of research field, researchers pay more and more attention to existing knowledge (3).

Although innovative articles often have a greater impact than conservative articles, high-risk and high-innovation strategies are rare, because extra rewards can’t make up for the risk of publishing failure. Awards and honors seem to be the main incentives to resist conservatism. They can break the tradition and give people new surprises. Although there are many factors that affect the work that scientists have to do, the macro-model of controlling the change of research interest in scientific undertakings is obviously traceable, and these laws are hidden in the career path of scientific research and scientists. （14）。

Scientists’ choice of research topics mainly affects their personal careers and the careers of those who depend on them. However, the decision-making of scientists sometimes plays a greater role in determining the direction of scientific discovery (Figure 2). Conservative research strategies mean that (15) personal career development has a stable and good prospect, but the promotion effect on the whole discipline is poor. This strategy is magnified by a phenomenon called file drawer problem (16): results inconsistent with established assumptions are rarely published, leading to systematic bias of published research. The untenable and false content is sometimes even regarded as a classic (17).

File drawer problem:

Refers to the researcher’s bias in selecting references, and the documents that do not meet the research purpose will stay in the drawer instead of taking them out for reference.

More bold hypotheses may have been tested by generations of scientists, but only those who are successful enough to produce articles can be known to us. One way to solve this conservative trap problem is to urge funding agencies to actively sponsor risk projects that test new hypotheses, so that special interest groups can undertake research on special diseases.

The results of quantitative analysis show that the distribution of biomedical resources in the United States is related to historical distribution and research, rather than to the severity of actual diseases (18), pointing out the systematic dislocation between biomedical needs and resources. This dislocation makes people wonder to what extent these funds run by scientists with solid habits can affect the development of science without additional supervision, encouragement and feedback.

4. Innovation

The analysis of articles and patents proves that the rare combination of scientific discovery and invention tends to get higher citation rate (3). Interdisciplinary research is a symbolic reorganization process (19); Therefore, the successful combination of historically irrelevant ideas and resources is very important for interdisciplinary research, which is often counterintuitive and leads to highly influential new ideas (20). However, the evidence from the fund application shows that when faced with truly novel (21-23) or interdisciplinary (24) research topics, the expert evaluation system usually gives lower scores.

Figure 2 Choose the experiment to accelerate collective discovery.

(a) A study measured the discovery efficiency of all new drugs published in MEDLINE in 2010. The model does not consider the difference in difficulty or cost of specific experiments. The efficiency diagram of this global scientific strategy reflects the relationship between the newly published new biochemical pathway (horizontal axis) and the average number of experiments (vertical axis). Correspondingly, the network diagram between drugs can be made. The researchers used all kinds of hypothetical strategy efficiency to compare with the actual situation, and found the optimal strategy of the best network with complete randomness and 50% and 100%. A lower value on the vertical axis indicates a more effective strategy, and the mode of new discovery is not optimal. The actual strategy is most suitable for discovering 13% of chemical networks, while the 50% optimized strategy is effective for discovering 50% of chemical networks, but both of them are not as good as the 100% best strategy for revealing the whole network.

(b) In reality, drug discovery networks can be plotted in the form of charts. The new connection born by this strategy is the research around some "important" and highly related chemicals, such as the hot spots in the picture, but the 100% efficient research strategy shows a more uniform discovery law and is unlikely to "follow the crowd" in the space of scientific possibility. （15）

The most influential scientific work mainly comes from the combination of conventional content, but it also comes from the unusual combination (25-27). This type of paper is twice as likely to get a high citation rate (26). In other words, the mixture of new and existing elements is the safest way to succeed in scientific progress.

5. Dynamics of scientists’ academic career

Under the broad market background of knowledge production and utilization, various academic professions have emerged (28). Therefore, scientific professional achievements are not only studied in terms of individual motivation and marginal productivity (relative gain and energy) (29), but also tested in terms of institutional motivation (30,31) and competition (32). It is necessary to combine large-scale metadata)(33) of individuals, geography and time with high content resolution to construct a career trajectory that can be analyzed from different angles. For example, a study found that funding schemes that tolerate early failures (rewarding long-term success) are more likely to produce influential published articles than funding for short-term review cycles (31).

Competitive interactive system with time scale is a classic problem in complex system science. The multi-angle nature of science is the driving force to generate a model, which can highlight the unexpected consequences of policies. For example, the career development model shows that short-term contracts are an important reason for productivity fluctuations, because it usually leads to the sudden end of a career.

The difference in productivity and career length can explain the difference in cooperation mode (38) and recruitment rate (35) between male and female scientists. On the other hand, experimental evidence shows that prejudice against women occurs in the early stage of career. When gender is randomly assigned in the resumes of a group of applicants, the recruitment committee systematically belittles the achievements of female candidates (40).

Up to now, most studies have focused on relatively small samples. Improving and compiling large-scale scientists’ data sets and using information from different sources (for example, publishing records, funding applications and awards) will help to understand the causes of inequality more deeply. Establish a motivation model that can provide information for policy solutions.

The mobility of scientists is another important factor in providing diversified career opportunities. Most researches on talent mobility focus on quantifying the inflow and outflow of talents in countries or regions (41,42), especially after policy changes. However, there is still little research on personal mobility and its career impact, mainly because it is difficult to obtain longitudinal information about scientists’ migration and the explanation of the reasons behind the mobility decision.

According to the number of articles cited, it is found that scientists who have left their country of origin perform better in the number of articles cited than those who have not left. This may stem from a choice preference: a good scholar (who has the ability to go abroad) can easily get a better position (a stronger team). （43，44）。 In addition, scientists tend to move between institutions with equal reputations (45). However, when quantifying the impact of job-hopping by citing, no increase or decrease in the system is found, even if the scientist moves to a relatively high or low-level institution (46). In other words, it is not the institution but the individual researchers who make up the institution that have an impact.

Another potential factor affecting career is reputation, and the dilemma it brings to the starting point of reviewing literature, evaluating proposals and making decisions. The reputation of the author, measured by the total citation of its previous output, can significantly increase the number of citations of the paper in the first few years after publication (47). However, after this initial stage, the impact depends on the scientific community’s acceptance of the work. This discovery and the work in citation (46) show that reputation is not the primary productive force for fruitful scientific undertakings, but hard work, talent and advancing despite difficulties are the driving factors.

A policy-related question is whether creativity and innovation are related to age or career stage. After decades of research on outstanding researchers and innovators, it is believed that the major breakthrough occurred in a relatively early stage of career, with a median age of 35 (48).

However, recent work shows that this tendency of fully recording early career discovery is completely explained by the tendency of productivity, which is very high in the early stage of a scientist’s career and then declines (49). In other words, there is no age pattern in innovation: the paper most cited by a scholar can be any of his or her papers, regardless of the age or career stage at the time of publication (Figure 3). The stochastic model describing the development of influence also shows that the breakthrough is produced by the combination of scientists’ ability and the selection of problems with high potential, intuition and luck (49).

Fig. 3 The influence of science of science on science profession

(a) Publication records of three Nobel Prize winners in physics. The horizontal axis represents the number of years after the winners first published their articles, each circle corresponds to a research paper, and the height c10 of the circle represents the influence of the paper, which means the number of citations after 10 years. The highest impact papers of the winners are indicated by orange circles.

(b) Histograms of papers with the highest impact in the sequence of papers by scientists, calculated for 10,000 scientists. The flatness of the histogram shows that in the sequence of papers published by scientists, the time when the most influential work appears may have the same probability (49).

6. Team research

In the past decades, the dependence of scientific research on teamwork has increased day by day, which represents a fundamental change in the way of scientific research. A study of authors of 19.9 million research papers and 2.1 million patents found an almost universal trend of teamwork in scientific research (50) (Figure 4). For example, in 1955, the scientific and engineering team wrote the same number of papers as a single author. However, by 2013, the proportion of papers written by teams increased to 90% (51).

Nowadays, papers written by scientific and engineering teams are 6.3 times more likely to get more than 1,000 citations, or more citations than individual papers. This phenomenon cannot be explained by self-citations (50,52). One possible reason is that the team can come up with more novel combinations of ideas (26) or produce resources that other researchers can use later (for example, genomics).

The data shows that the team is 38% more likely to combine the scientific breakthrough content into the familiar knowledge field than the individual author, which proves the premise that the team can combine different majors together, thus effectively promoting the scientific breakthrough. Having more collaboration means increasing the visibility among scholars through more co-authors, so they may introduce each other’s work into the internal network of scientific research, which means that each researcher should share his reputation with his colleagues (29).

Figure 4 Team size and impact

In the past century, the average team size has been steadily expanding. The red dotted line represents the average number of co-authors in all papers; The black curve considers the average team size of articles with more citations than the average in the field. The black curve is systematically above the red dotted line, which means that large teams are more likely to produce high-impact work than small teams. Each chart corresponds to a discipline category specified by WoS (a) science and engineering, (b) social science, and (c) arts and humanities.

On average, researchers from large teams can get more citations in various fields. Research shows that small teams tend to change science and technology with new ideas and opportunities, while large teams promote the existing research process (53). Therefore, it may be important to finance and train teams of all sizes to ease the bureaucracy of science (28).

At the same time, the team size is increasing at an average rate of 17% every ten years (50, 54, 105). This trend has changed because of the underlying structure of the team. Scientific teams include small, stable "core" teams and large teams, and dynamically expanding teams (55). The increasing team size in most fields is produced by the continuous expansion of dynamic expansion teams, which start with small core teams, but then attract new members through the original accumulation based on productivity. Scale is the key determinant of team survival strategy: if small teams maintain a stable core, they will survive for a longer time, but large teams can survive for a longer time by showing the mechanism of member mobility (56).

With the acceleration and complexity of science, the tools needed to expand the frontier of knowledge are increasing in scale and accuracy. For most individual investigators, research tools are too valuable, but so are most institutions. Academic cooperation has always been a key solution to this problem, so that resources can be more concentrated on scientific research.

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN is the largest and most powerful particle collider in the world. Its birth cannot be ignored by academic cooperation. More than 10,000 scientists and engineers from more than 100 countries participated in the establishment of this collision. However, with the increase of scale, the balance between value and risk related to "big science" comes into being (2). Although it can solve a bigger problem, the problem of scientific repeatability requires you to repeat the experiment, which may not be feasible in practice or economy.

Collaborators will have a great influence on science. According to recent research (57,58), a scientist who loses a star collaborator will experience a sharp drop in productivity, especially if the scattered collaborator is an ordinary researcher. The average number of citations of published articles with strong cooperators will increase by 17%, which shows the value of professional cooperation (59).

In view of the increasing number of authors in research papers, who should and does get the most reputation? The classic theory of the misallocation of reputation in science is Matthew effect (60), in which scientists of higher status who participated in cooperative work gained excessive reputation for their contributions. It is difficult to assign credibility to collaborative participants because individual contributions cannot be easily distinguished (61). However, it is possible to check the common patterns of co-author papers to determine the reputation assigned by each co-author in the group (62).

7. The dynamics behind the cited quantity

Academic citation is still the mainstream way to measure academic achievements in science. In view of the long-term dependence on mainstream citation standards (63-66), the dynamic law of citation accumulation has been verified by several generations of scholars. According to the pioneering research of Price(67), the distribution of citations in scientific papers is highly biased: many papers have never been cited, but pioneering papers can accumulate 10,000 or more citations. This uneven citation distribution is a powerful, natural and innovative attribute of scientific change. When papers are grouped by institutions, it also holds (68). And if the number of citations of a paper is divided by the average citations of the same year of the paper’s classmates, the score distribution obtained is basically the same for all disciplines (69, 70) (Figure 5A).

This means that the influence of papers published by different disciplines can be compared by looking at the relative references. For example, a mathematics paper with 100 citations has a higher academic influence than a microbiology paper with 300 citations.

Fig. 5 universality of citation dynamics

(a) If the citation frequency c of each paper is divided by the average citation frequency c0 of all papers in this discipline, then the citation distribution of papers published in the same discipline and year is basically uniform in all disciplines. The dotted line is a lognormal fitting curve. （69）

(b) The citation history of four papers published in "Physical Review" in B)1964, according to its unique dynamic selection, shows "jumping decay" mode (blue), peak delay (purple), stable citation number mode (green) and rising citation index (red). (c) The citation of a single paper is determined by three parameters: fitness λ, immediacy μ, and longevity σ. The citation of each paper in (b) is readjusted by appropriate (λ, μ, σ) parameters, and the four papers are merged into a general function, which is the same for all disciplines. （77）

The tail information of distribution can capture the number of high-impact papers and reveal the mechanism that drives the accumulation of citation numbers. Recent analysis shows that it follows the power law distribution (71-73). The tail of power law can be generated by the process of accumulating advantages (74), which is called preferential attachment)(75) in network science, indicating that the probability of citing papers increases with the increase of the number of citations it has accumulated.

Such a model can be used together with other characteristics of citation dynamics, such as the obsolescence of knowledge, to enhance the descriptive nature of the model. The number of articles cited decreases with time (76, 79, 106), or a fitness parameter can be used to correspond to the attraction of each paper to the scientific community (77,78). Only a small number of papers can’t be described by the above hypothesis, and they are called "Sleeping Beauty" because they were ignored for a period of time after publication, but after a period of time, they suddenly received a lot of attention and quotations (80,81).

The above formation mechanism can be used to predict the citation dynamics of a single paper. A prediction model (77) assumes that the citation probability of a paper depends on the number of previous citations, and the number of citations of this article can be predicted by considering the obsolescence factor and fitness parameter of each article (Figure 5, B, C). The long-term impact of a scientific research work can be inferred (77). Other studies have identified predictive indicators related to paper impact factors (82), such as journal impact factors (72). Some studies show that a scientist’s h-index(83) can be accurately predicted (84). Although if the career stage of scientists and the accumulation and non-decline of h- index are taken into account, the prediction accuracy will be reduced (85).

Behind eliminating the inconsistency of quantitative evaluation indicators and commonly used statistical data in science, the internal mechanism of generating these data is a very important mechanism in scientific research.

8. Outlook

Although scientific research does have its universality, the differences in substantive subject background in culture, habits and preferences make it difficult to understand some cross-disciplinary opinions in some fields, and the corresponding policies are difficult to implement. The differences between the questions, data and skills required by each discipline indicate that further insights can be obtained from scientific research in specific fields. These research simulations and predictions are adapted to the needs and opportunities in each subject area. For young scientists, the research results of scientology provide effective insights from past scientific research and help guide them to foresee the future (Box1).

Box1: Lessons from Science of Science

Innovation and tradition: pure, truly innovative and highly interdisciplinary ideas may not reach the scientific influence they can achieve. In order to enhance its influence, new ideas should be published in the existing academic environment (26).

Persistence: As long as the research status is maintained, there will never be a case that a scientist is "too old" to make a major discovery (49).

Cooperation: Now the research mode is shifting to teams, so it is beneficial to participate in cooperation. The works of small teams are often more subversive, while those strong teams often have more resources to do more influential big work (4,50,53).

Reputation: Most reputations will belong to co-authors who have consistently worked in the field of literature publishing (62).

Funding: Although the judging panel promises to support innovation, they are actually more inclined to ignore innovation. Funding agencies should ask reviewers to evaluate innovation, not just the success they expected in their minds (24).

The contribution of science of science of science of science of science is that it begins to understand the relationship structure among scientists, institutions and ideas in detail, which is the key starting point to identify the operating mechanism behind it. In a word, these data-driven works supplement the contents lacking in related research fields, such as economics (30) and sociology of science (60,86).

Causal estimation is a typical example in economics. Econometrics research will collect and use comprehensive data sources to simulate the needs (31,42). Evaluating causality is one of the most needed future developments of science of science: many descriptive studies have revealed the strong correlation between scientific research structure and successful results, but the degree to which a specific structure "leads" to the results has not been explored-we don’t know the causality behind the correlation.

By establishing closer cooperation with researchers, scientology will be able to better identify the connections found from models and large-scale data, which have the potential to promote the birth of relevant policies. But the experiment of scientology may be the biggest challenge that scientology has not yet faced. Running randomized controlled trials will change the research process of individuals or scientific institutions supported by taxes, and such a high cost will inevitably lead to criticism and obstacles (87).

Therefore, in the near future, quasi-experimental approaches will be dominant in scientific investigation.

Most scientific research takes scientific research literature as the main data source, which means that the research objects of this discipline are those successful cases. However, most scientific research has failed, sometimes even a huge failure. In view of the fact that scientists fail more than they succeed, it is very important to understand when, where, why and how ideas fail. These studies can provide meaningful guidance for the recurring crisis and help us solve the file drawer problem. By revealing creative activities, these studies can also greatly promote the interpretation of human creativity.

Similar to the economic system, the scientific system is an economic system that uses one-dimensional "currency" quotations. This implies that classes also exist in the scientific research system, in which "the richer the rich" inhibits the spread of new ideas, especially those new scientists and those who do not conform to the traditional identity in a specific field.

The scientific system can be improved by expanding the number and scope of performance indicators. In this regard, it is very important to develop alternative indicators to measure the metrics covering web )(88), social media (89) activity and social impact (90). Other measurable dimensions include information (such as data) shared by scientists and competitors (91), the help they provide to their peers (92), and their reliability as peer reviewers (93).

However, due to the need for a large number of indicators, more work needs to be done to understand the role of each indicator and what it does not capture, so as to ensure meaningful interpretation and avoid abuse. Science of science can make various contributions by providing models, which can deeply understand the coverage of scientific performance indicators and the mechanism behind them. For example, the empirical model observed when using alternative indicators (for example, the distribution of document downloads) will enable us to explore their relationship with the measurement system based on the number of citations (94) and identify black-box operations.

Combining the index based on the number of citations with other indexes will promote the diversified development of scientific research and realize the division of scientific research productivity, so scientists can achieve achievements in different ways. Science is an ecosystem, which needs not only publication, but also disseminators, teachers and experts who pay attention to details. We need people who can ask novel and innovative questions and who can answer them. If curiosity, creativity and knowledge can be effectively exchanged-especially information about the application and social impact of science and technology-more diversified methods can reduce duplication and science can flourish (95).

One problem that science of science tries to solve is the allocation of scientific funds. The current peer review system is biased and contradictory (96). Several alternatives have been proposed, such as random allocation of funds (97), professionals-oriented funds (31) that do not involve proposal and review system, review mechanism (98) that is open to online people, review mechanism (99) that removes reviewers’ performance, and scientist crowdfunding (100) funds.

A key field of future research of SciSci is the integration with machine learning and artificial intelligence, so that objective machines can work with human beings. These new tools will have a pleasant far-reaching, because machines may broaden the horizons of scientists more than human collaborators. For example, self-driving vehicle is a machine learning technology, which is a successful combination of known driving technology and unknown driving habit information. The study of mind-machine partnership has provided a wide range of positive effects on decision-making in a wide range of fields such as health, economy, society and law (101-103). How to improve science through the relationship between machine and mind, and how to arrange it to make scientific development more effective? These questions help us to understand the future science.

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Compilation: Translation Group of Jizhi Club

Source: science

Original title: science of science

Original address:

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/359/6379/eaao0185

Original title: "A Summary of Science Long Articles: What is Science of Science | New Year Special"

Read the original text

　　As the first city in the province to pilot doctors to practice freely, Shenzhen has recently made a lot of moves. The newly issued Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Multi-point Free Practice of Doctors in Shenzhen (hereinafter referred to as the "new rules") clearly points out that doctors only need to file online for multi-point practice without the approval of their affiliated hospitals, and it has been reported to the Provincial Health Department for approval.

　　Over the years, every step of doctors’ income, promotion and pension in public hospitals in China is inseparable from the system, and the voice of "liberating doctors" has been rising. In December 2009, the Health Department issued the Trial Management Measures for Doctors’ Multi-point Practice. From January 1, 2010, doctors’ Multi-point Practice was tried out. Any practicing doctor who has the title of associate senior and has worked in this technical position for more than two years can apply for multiple practice places, but he must go through the procedures of reporting and approval at the original unit.

　　Due to the application, although many doctors are eager to try, not many of them finally managed to leave. According to the data, as of December last year, there were only 36 doctors who applied for multi-point practice from Shenzhen Wei Ren Wei Committee, of which 60% were doctors from private medical institutions. Most of the "going out" from public hospitals were old doctors who were about to retire or postpone their retirement.

　　Today, the new Shenzhen rules skip the approval process of the original unit. And this "shock wave" also radiated to Guangzhou-two days ago, a plastic surgeon in a large 3A hospital in Guangzhou put forward an application for "acupuncturing".

　　Once the new rules are implemented, can doctors really be set free? How many doors do doctors need to break through to "liberate"?

　　Yizhong door

　　How can doctors have the energy to "walk the hole" when they are overworked?

　　Every day, I spend almost all the available time in rounds, operations and outpatient clinics, and I have to teach and research, and I don’t even have time to spend with my family. Even if you don’t need to apply to the hospital for acupuncture, you are willing but unable to do so.

　　Two days ago, in the conference room of a large 3A hospital in the old city of Guangzhou, members of the hospital team held a special meeting on the application of a plastic surgeon for "acupuncturing".

　　"In the end, we tend to let him concentrate on his work in the hospital. With so many things, how can I have more energy to practice? " The person in charge of the hospital admits that the hospital is overcrowded every day. "This person can’t be released. After all, it can’t affect the hospital’s diagnosis and treatment order and medical level."

　　There are many patients in big hospitals, and it is no longer news that doctors are overwhelmed. Take the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as an example. Last year, the number of outpatients received exceeded 4.6 million, and the average number of outpatients per day exceeded 10,000. Experts had to see more than 40 patients every day, and the time was full.

　　The same is true of Shenzhen. According to media reports, the designed outpatient service of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital is 2,000 person-times per day, and the actual daily consultation often reaches 5,000 to 6,000 person-times, and the medical staff are overloaded. Liao Qingwei, director of the Medical Affairs Department of the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Health Commission, bluntly said in an interview with the media that although there are many changes in the new policy, it is not expected that there will be a blowout in the number of doctors applying for multi-point practice. After all, the old system will affect the implementation of the new policy, especially in public hospitals, where staff work overtime every day, and doctors will carefully consider going out to practice more.

　　When it comes to multi-point practice, many doctors in public hospitals first nodded and said "looking forward to liberation", then shook their heads and said, "If you want to leave, you have to overcome all difficulties."

　　"Every day, I spend almost all my time on rounds, operations and outpatient clinics. In addition, I need teaching and research, and I don’t even have time to spend with my family." Dr. Zeng is the deputy chief physician of a large 3A hospital in Guangzhou. She admits that even if there is no need to apply to the hospital for "going to the acupuncture point", the doctor is willing but unable to do so, and it is better to be content with the status quo.

　　Double gate

　　Who should be responsible in case of medical accident?

　　A hospital in Haizhu District of Guangzhou staged a "farce" in which patients and their families collectively jumped off the building. The hospital was "shot while lying down" because this operation was done by doctors in other hospitals, and the "mother’s family" lost money to avoid trouble.

　　In recent years, the doctor-patient relationship has almost fallen to the "freezing point". If a doctor goes out to go to the acupuncture point and there is a medical accident or medical dispute, who should be held accountable?

　　The reporter learned that a hospital in Haizhu District of Guangzhou staged a "farce" in which patients and their families collectively jumped off the building. However, the hospital was shot while lying down, because the failed operation was done by doctors in other hospitals, and the "mother’s family" hospital was inexplicably taken as a "big head" and finally lost money to avoid trouble.

　　"In today’s environment, once patients and doctors have conflicts, it is easy to go to the hospital." Zeng Qiyi, Dean of zhujiang hospital, Southern Medical University, said that one of the advantages of freelance practice is to return this complicated relationship linked to the organization to a simple relationship between doctors and patients. "The ideal situation is that once a medical dispute arises between the two parties, it can be resolved through lawyers or insurance companies. If it proves to be the responsibility of the doctor, his qualification for practice can be revoked. "

　　The reporter learned that this is the way to operate in the United States. If a doctor has a medical accident in the course of treatment, the patient can seek help from an insurance company or a lawyer instead of solving the problem through medical trouble. Once the doctor’s improper operation is verified, his file will have bad records.

　　"Therefore, if we really want to realize multi-point practice, not only should the patient’s concept be changed, but doctors and medicine need to understand that they are not omnipotent, and doctors should also respond well and take relevant legal issues seriously." Zeng Qiyi said.

　　At present, in view of the medical disputes that may occur during doctors’ free practice, Shenzhen has given a new solution, or launched a compulsory insurance system for medical practice liability ("medical insurance") within this year to provide a protective barrier for doctors’ practice risks. Insurance companies will bear a certain amount of compensation for medical damage caused by doctors’ improper diagnosis and treatment, which is the first time that individual medical practitioners have been included in the insured in China.

　　In addition, Shenzhen will learn from Hong Kong’s experience, and the doctors’ association will be responsible for online filing, so that professional doctors’ associations can judge and supervise doctors and realize real industry autonomy and professional autonomy.

　　Triple Door

　　Who will pay for the benefits of working in multiple hospitals?

　　Under the current system, public hospitals, as institutions, have concentrated high-quality resources for teaching and scientific research, and doctors are responsible for all kinds of insurance and welfare benefits. If they choose to practice freely, it is equivalent to giving up their identity as institutions.

　　In a private hospital in Guangzhou, which focuses on obstetrics and gynecology, there are more than 20 experts with the title of deputy high school or above. The reporter learned that six or seven of them are multi-point doctors. However, they don’t want the "mother’s family" hospital to know that they are "part-time" outside, because they are afraid that welfare, security and promotion will be affected.

　　The 2011 China Health Statistics Yearbook shows that there are about 2.41 million medical practitioners (including assistant doctors) in medical institutions nationwide, of which 1.73 million are affiliated to public hospitals, accounting for 71.8%. While enjoying the stable welfare of public institutions, more than 70% of these doctors are also bound by their own choices.

　　Under the current system, public hospitals, as institutions, concentrate high-quality resources for teaching and scientific research, and hospitals are responsible for all kinds of insurance and welfare benefits for doctors. "To some extent, if you choose to practice freely, it is equivalent to giving up the identity of a public institution." In the opinion of many doctors, the reason for taking this step is to think carefully, because we can’t help but care about this identity. "Stay in the hospital for one day and enjoy the corresponding protection and welfare of the hospital. If you go out, once the hospital does not provide complete insurance and welfare benefits, the relevant promotion evaluation will be difficult to achieve. "

　　Therefore, many doctors who have "left" still believe that the current multi-point practice has not made doctors truly free, and doctors have always been attached to the identity management and corresponding benefits of the public medical system and cannot get rid of the constraints of "units".

　　However, from the standpoint of the hospital, there are also views that if the hospital allows experts to practice more, the salary bonus can be reduced accordingly. At the same time, in order to ensure that the welfare of doctors is not weakened, we only need to negotiate with third-party practice institutions to form a win-win situation.

　　Zeng Qiyi provided a specific idea: if a unit is responsible for various benefits of doctors, such as social insurance and housing accumulation fund, the bonus can be deducted accordingly; Another unit is responsible for the rest of the salary bonus. Through this tripartite bond, healthy competition between hospitals is formed.

　　■ Expert advice

　　Doctors’ multi-point practice should be managed by doctors’ association

　　Facing the possible problems caused by doctors practicing more, Liao Xinbo, deputy director of the Provincial Health Department, thinks that this reform in Shenzhen has certain significance, at least it has taken a step, but the step is not big enough. He believes that the operation steps are still too complicated. Whether a doctor has the ability to practice more should be managed by the medical association, and professional autonomy will be better.

　　"I think that a more meaningful approach is contractual management and contractual management. I work here according to the service contract I signed with the hospital, and I don’t need to report to the hospital where the rest of the time is. This is market-oriented, which can force the society to respect the value of doctors. As long as doctors flow, the market value of doctors will naturally form. " Liao Xinbo said.

　　Zeng Qiyi believes that doctors should practice regionally and establish a regional qualification system certification. Regional, that is, doctors have obtained the qualification of practicing in the whole country, but they need to be registered in the local area to facilitate management.

　　On the evening of the 12th local time, the Russian Ministry of Defence issued the latest war report, saying that since the beginning of the special military operation, the Russian army has paralyzed 3,593 Ukrainian military infrastructures. The Russian Defense Ministry said that in the past day, Russian troops shot down a Mi -24 helicopter gunship and three drones of the Ukrainian army.

　　On the morning of the 12th, Russian troops attacked Ukrainian military infrastructure with long-range high-precision weapons, stopping the operation of the military airport in vasil Cove, 40km south of Kiev, and the radio and electronic intelligence center of Ukrainian armed forces in Brovolach.

　　In addition, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces announced on the 12th that since Russia launched military operations against Ukraine, Ukraine has destroyed 362 Russian tanks, 58 fixed-wing aircraft, 83 helicopters, 1,205 armored vehicles, 135 artillery systems, 62 multi-barrel rockets, 33 air defense systems, 585 cars, 3 warships and 7 tactical drones. (Headquarters reporter Xu Hongbo)

CCTV News:Spring 2023 China Higher Education Expo was held in Chongqing International Expo Center from April 8 to 10. The theme of this year’s High-Tech Fair is "Campus-Land Convergence, Production-Education Integration: High-quality Development", with three sections: high-tech equipment exhibition, high-level conference forum, informationization and high-end achievement release. The joint research and development of scientific and technological products by many schools and enterprises has become a highlight of this exhibition.

In the high-tech equipment exhibition area, a new type of dual-arm cooperative robot attracted the attention of many exhibitors.

Yangjin, exhibitor of China Higher Education Expo:We adopt the configuration of flexible joints, which can drag the robot’s arm very flexibly, which is essentially different from our traditional robots. We cooperate with universities to introduce some of our industry applications and resources into the curriculum system, such as specialty construction and laboratory construction.

The "black technology" independently developed by many college students is also favored by exhibitors. In the booth of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, this robot for inspecting the inner wall of large containers can adsorb and move on the inner wall of steel lining through magnetic adsorption, and transmit the image back to the staff of the control station in real time through wireless transmission, thus replacing the previous manual scaffolding for inspection.

Li Tongjia, Graduate Student, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University:In the process of developing it, I have been trained by both school tutors and enterprise tutors. On the one hand, I can apply what I have learned in school to actual production and life, on the other hand, I can understand the needs of enterprises.

Zhou Yu, Vice President of China Higher Education Society and Academician of China Academy of Engineering:Take the road of school-enterprise cooperation and integration of production and education, closely combine with the actual needs of production, extract the scientific and technological problems that enterprises need, and we will work together with schools to solve this problem.

In the newly-added college area of this high-tech fair, the achievements of 110 colleges and universities in 28 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) are displayed in a concentrated way. In the booth of Harbin Institute of Technology, 549 patriotic education bases and 50 national heavy equipment enterprise bases were drawn to form three maps of red resources, national heavy equipment and industry model, which effectively integrated ideological and political theory courses with practical teaching.

Yin Shengjun, Director of the Teaching and Research Section of the Ideological and Political Practice Course of Harbin Institute of Technology:On this platform, we pay special attention to the development of students’ subjectivity, that is, students participate in ideological and political courses as the main body, and more actively speak and present what they have learned through his perspective.

　　According to the WeChat official account news of WeChat of the Ministry of Transport, recently, the special class of traffic control and transportation support of the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Traffic Control and Transportation Support in Key Areas of Henan Province to strictly prevent the spread of the epidemic through transportation links, and make every effort to do a good job in traffic control and transportation support in key areas of Henan Province. The full text is as follows:

　　Notice of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism Comprehensive Group Traffic Control and Transportation Support Special Class on Doing a Good Job in Traffic Control and Transportation Support for COVID-19 Epidemic in Key Areas of Henan Province

　　In order to thoroughly implement the deployment of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council, while strictly preventing the spread of the epidemic through transportation links, we will do our best to do a good job in traffic control and transportation security in key areas of Henan Province to deal with the epidemic. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　Scientifically and accurately implement traffic control

　　Decisively cut off foreign passenger service

　　The transportation authorities in Henan Province should guide the transportation authorities at the city and county level where the medium and high risk areas are located to suspend the cross-city business of buses, taxis (including online car-sharing) and hitchhiking in time; Suspend the road passenger service in and out of the district (county) where the medium and high risk is located, strictly implement the "point-to-point" transportation for the passenger lines and passenger chartered cars passing through the above areas, and may not stay and get off passengers in the above areas; It is necessary to announce the suspension to the public in a timely manner, do a good job in publicity and explanation, and do a good job in free refund service for relevant passengers (personal accident insurance, which is purchased at the same time). In areas not affected by the epidemic, in principle, road passenger service shall not be suspended. If it is really necessary to suspend, it shall be reported to the local joint defense and joint control mechanism for approval.

　　Strengthen the management of urban passenger transport epidemic prevention

　　The competent transportation department of Henan Province should guide the municipal and county-level transportation departments where the medium and high risks are located to adjust the urban public transportation organization plan in a targeted manner to prevent passenger flow from gathering; For urban public buses, trams and rail transit lines passing through medium and high risk areas, station-throwing transportation shall be implemented. If the districts, cities or county-level administrative regions in the middle and high-risk areas adopt closed management measures for the whole community (village) and units, it is necessary to suspend regular urban passenger transport services in time; After the epidemic situation is effectively controlled and reported to the local joint prevention and control mechanism for approval, the urban passenger transport service will be resumed in an orderly manner.

　　Standardize the setting of epidemic inspection sites

　　Henan Province and Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui, Shandong, Hubei, Shaanxi and other neighboring provinces traffic control and transportation security special classes (hereinafter referred to as traffic special classes) should scientifically and reasonably set up highway epidemic prevention and control inspection stations on expressways and ordinary national and provincial highways entering and leaving closed areas under the overall arrangement of the local joint prevention and control mechanism. In principle, only one inspection station is set in the same direction. It is strictly forbidden to set up epidemic prevention and control inspection stations on the main lines of expressways and provincial boundaries without authorization, and it is not allowed to block or isolate expressways, national and provincial trunk lines without authorization. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination of departments to ensure the rapid and convenient passage of transport vehicles for various key materials (hereinafter referred to as emergency materials) such as medical prevention and control materials, fresh agricultural products, key production and living materials, energy materials and postal express delivery. It is necessary to optimize the detection method, improve the detection efficiency, strengthen traffic guidance, and shorten the waiting time of vehicles. For vehicles and personnel who meet the traffic conditions, the inspection station shall not arbitrarily restrict traffic.

　　Ensure the smooth traffic of vehicles at the epidemic inspection site.

　　Special traffic classes in Henan Province should report to the provincial joint prevention and control mechanism for announcement, so as to guide the public not to enter and leave the cities where the epidemic-related areas are located unnecessarily. Under the deployment of the local joint prevention and control mechanism, special traffic classes in relevant areas in Henan Province should do a good job in tracking and monitoring the traffic volume, optimize the workflow of highway epidemic prevention and control inspection stations, and increase personnel, equipment and passages in time to improve inspection efficiency and reduce inspection waiting time when the traffic volume is large. Traffic classes in the surrounding provinces of Henan Province should request the local joint prevention and control mechanism to issue an announcement, and do a good job of publicity and guidance in time. Except for emergency materials transportation vehicles, other vehicles do not have to go to the cities where the epidemic-related areas in Henan Province are located, and do a good job of remote diversion and bypass at the same time to avoid traffic congestion.

　　Ensure smooth and efficient transportation of emergency materials.

　　Implement the vehicle pass system for emergency materials transportation.

　　The special traffic class in Henan Province shall, jointly with the departments of development and reform, industry and information technology, commerce, agriculture and rural areas, establish and improve the management system of emergency materials transport vehicle pass, and announce to the public the handling conditions and procedures for the Vehicle Pass for Emergency Materials Transport for Epidemic Prevention and Control in Henan Province (hereinafter referred to as the Pass). For emergency materials transport vehicles entering and leaving the high-risk areas in Henan Province, it is necessary to apply for a Pass according to procedures; It is necessary to rely on the expressway service area, the "driver’s home" and other places to facilitate the handling of the "Pass" for emergency materials transport vehicles entering and leaving the high-risk areas in Henan.

　　Do a good job in ensuring the passage of emergency materials transportation vehicles

　　Local traffic classes should implement classified traffic control under the arrangement and deployment of the local joint defense and joint control mechanism, and should not be overweight or "across the board" without authorization. For emergency materials transport vehicles from cities where high-risk areas are located in Henan Province, local highway epidemic prevention and control inspection stations ensure smooth traffic on the basis that the temperature of drivers and passengers is normal, the nucleic acid test results are negative within 48 hours, the health code and travel code are green, and the Pass is held. Drivers and passengers should strictly do personal protection and health monitoring to reduce contact with other personnel; For vehicles that are confirmed to be from the city where Henan Province is located in a non-medium-high-risk area by checking the trip code, they shall not be restricted at will when the temperature of drivers and passengers is normal and the health code and trip code are green. It is necessary to set up mobile nucleic acid detection points based on expressway service areas, "drivers’ homes" and other places to provide convenience for truck drivers and other emergency materials transportation support personnel to carry out nucleic acid detection.

　　Study and set up emergency materials transfer and dispatching station.

　　In accordance with the unified deployment of the local joint prevention and control mechanism, the Henan Provincial Traffic Special Class should actively cooperate with relevant departments to strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control requirements, rely on existing logistics parks and freight stations to study and set up emergency materials transfer and transportation stations, set up temporary connection points in qualified high-speed service areas, formulate various plans for dispatching and operation, traffic organization, health and epidemic prevention, personnel training, improve various facilities and equipment such as loading and unloading facilities and connecting vehicles, and start to put into operation in time in combination with the actual situation, and announce to the public. For the key energy-using units in the epidemic-related areas, it is necessary to ensure the orderly transfer of energy and materials by means of throwing and hanging transportation and connecting transportation.

　　Do a good job in ensuring the travel of key personnel

　　Quickly set up an emergency transportation team for key personnel.

　　The competent transportation department of Henan Province should guide the transportation departments at the city and county levels to make good preparations for emergency transportation convoys, organize transportation enterprises with high standard of daily management, select vehicles with good technical conditions and drivers with strong professional quality, set up emergency transportation convoys including buses, buses and taxis in different regions, and provide sufficient epidemic prevention materials to meet the travel needs of medical staff, urban basic operation support personnel and epidemic prevention workers, and ensure the public’s emergency travel needs such as medical treatment.

　　Accurate formulation of emergency transportation guarantee scheme for key personnel

　　The transportation authorities in Henan Province should guide the municipal and county transportation departments to establish a communication and coordination mechanism with local health and municipal departments, make full use of technical means such as online platforms and WeChat applets, accurately identify the travel needs of key people such as medical staff and urban operation support personnel, and scientifically formulate a "point-to-point" emergency transportation service guarantee scheme for key personnel and a social emergency travel guarantee scheme. The transportation departments in areas where urban passenger service is suspended should promote the establishment of a "point-to-point" contact and docking mechanism between emergency transport convoys and streets, communities, hospitals, etc., implement 7×24-hour duty, and provide quick response, safe and efficient service guarantee for people’s emergency medical trips according to the needs of relevant departments and units. It is necessary to formulate detailed plans for the prevention and control of the epidemic situation of vehicles and personnel supported by emergency transportation services, and urge enterprises that carry out emergency transportation support tasks to strictly implement epidemic prevention measures such as disinfection and ventilation, transportation organization and personnel protection.

　　Effectively strengthen the prevention and control of epidemic situation in road transport industry

　　Strict implementation of epidemic prevention and control requirements

　　Local traffic special classes should guide freight enterprises, logistics parks, freight stations and other business units, and urge drivers and passengers, freight station management personnel, loading and unloading management personnel, cleaning staff, etc. to strictly implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as wearing masks, disinfecting and washing hands, and sterilizing transport equipment, increase the frequency of nucleic acid detection, and do a good job in personal protection and health monitoring; It is necessary to strengthen supervision and inspection, and urge the relevant passenger transport operators to implement epidemic prevention and control measures such as disinfection and ventilation, temperature measurement and code inspection, wearing masks, personal protection, passenger information registration, epidemic prevention publicity, etc. in order to prevent the epidemic from spreading through transportation.

　　Strict personal protection measures for key groups

　　Local transportation authorities should urge road passenger and freight transport, urban public transport, taxi and rail transit employees to strictly implement the relevant requirements for epidemic prevention and control, and earnestly do their own protection. When road passenger transport and urban public transport vehicles carry out the task of dense and sub-dense personnel transfer, and taxis undertake the task of nucleic acid sampling and transfer, the driving area and passenger area of vehicles should be physically isolated, and the drivers and passengers should be equipped with protective clothing, gloves, working caps, medical protective masks, protective screens or goggles, and a full set of protective articles should be replaced in time after transfer, and the vehicles should be strictly disinfected. Road freight drivers should do a good job of personal protection, minimize the stay time and avoid cross-operation when loading and unloading transshipment goods at emergency materials transfer and transportation stations and highway service area connection points. Local transportation authorities should draw the local joint prevention and control mechanism to fully guarantee the input of personnel protective equipment and disinfection materials needed for emergency transportation, strengthen the training of epidemic prevention and control operations for front-line road transport employees, and effectively reduce the risk of infection.

　　Do a good job in ensuring the service of stranded freight vehicles in epidemic-related areas

　　Traffic special classes at all levels in epidemic-related areas should, in accordance with the deployment of the local joint prevention and control mechanism, work with health and civil affairs departments to guide the service guarantee of stranded vehicle personnel in highway service areas, logistics parks and freight stations in epidemic-related areas, and provide nucleic acid detection, catering, rest and other service guarantees for stranded personnel; For truck drivers and other personnel who are allowed to leave the epidemic-related areas by the local joint prevention and control mechanism, they should be instructed to strictly carry out personal protection and health monitoring, reduce stopovers and avoid contact with other personnel. According to the deployment of the local joint prevention and control mechanism, the personnel information should be copied to the regional joint investigation and control special class for epidemic prevention and control in relevant areas in time, and included in the management scope of key personnel for epidemic prevention and control.

　　Strengthen 24-hour duty.

　　The traffic special class office of the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council is on duty 24 hours a day. If there is any need to coordinate the emergency transportation in Henan Province, it can be reported to the traffic special class office of the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council at the first time. Emergency transportation support telephone: 010-65292831.

　　Traffic special classes in Henan Province, Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui, Shandong, Hubei, Shaanxi Province, etc. should be on duty 24 hours a day, announce the emergency transportation guarantee telephone number to the public in time, and coordinate and solve the traffic and transportation guarantee problems in time. Henan province emergency transportation guarantee telephone number: 15838821933.

　　Epidemic prevention and control in and out of Henan Province

　　Emergency materials transport vehicle pass

　　(style)

frontage

back

Bi Gan’s roadside picnic was a blockbuster.

Special feature of 1905 film network The start-up capital was only 40,000 yuan. After two months of filming, the crew was dissolved. Bi Gan, the sound engineer, the literary planner and his wife made up another month, finishing some shots about the train and the last 15 minutes of the film. Previously, Bi Gan had accepted many interviews and talked about the situation of "food shortage" when shooting. Often, there was no money when shooting, but someone would call some money, but in the end, "it was really impossible to shoot for two months."

　

When filming, all the crew members will also play truth or dare together, and Bi Gan will use various ways to get everyone together, cheer up and increase their trust in themselves. Bi Gan said that in fact, he can be regarded as a leader among his friends since he was a child, and playing basketball in primary school and junior high school is always a leader.

　

Who would have thought that more than a year later, Bi Gan won the Best New Director Award in the 52nd Taiwan Film Golden Horse Award for his play. At that time, the candidates included Alec Su, Guoqiang Xiang and others. Bi Gan, who was born in 1989, became a blockbuster, and the roadside picnic was also noticed by more people.

　

Bi Gan has been recognized by many people for his first appearance, and "Roadside Picnic" has also entered this crowded summer file. Can it be recognized by the audience? He said: Leave it to fate.

　

The audience doesn’t have to interact with me, so they don’t have to accept the roadside picnic.

　

The play was filmed in Kaili, Guizhou, which is Bi Gan’s hometown. He said that he was lazy and it would be convenient to film in Kaili. Almost all the films are unprofessional actors, and the hero is Bi Gan’s uncle. These relatives and friends have helped him before and starred in two short films. This time, they got together again and made a long film.

　

The story of the roadside picnic can be divided into three sections, the scene, the past and the future, which will not be incomprehensible, but it is also different from other linear narrative films. There is a 40-minute long shot in the film, and the audience can follow the photographer to see that the male host seems to have returned to the past and met the future characters. When watching, I can feel the photographer bumping in the car and stumbling when walking. Bi Gan said that the scene was filmed three times, and finally the first material was selected. Although there were flaws, the best parts, such as singing, were retained, and the relationship between the characters could be reflected. He also laughed and said that as for the technical flaws, there was really no way. "Everyone can hate this movie because of this." This shot, praised by many people, is just a technique in Bi Gan’s eyes, and the script needs to be filmed.

　

1905 Movie Network: Did the two-month shooting period achieve what the script wanted to express?

Bi Gan: Yes, I did. I shot 70% in the first two months. Everyone really couldn’t hold on. They were all very tired. Everyone had something to do and had helped me for two months. I said, let’s disband. I have finished most of it. Finally, I will do some finishing work myself.

　

1905 Movie Network: Is the final shot different from the original idea?

Bi Gan: There is definitely no difference in imagination. Writing is not to execute my script later. Writing is to make a blueprint. That blueprint is an alternative, and shooting on the spot is the moment of creation.

　

1905 Movie Network: Do you pay more attention to the process?

Bi Gan: The film is definitely a process. As for what can be achieved, it should be resigned to fate.

　

1905 Movie Network: New directors may want to let more people know themselves through their works?

Bi Gan: Why do you know me?

　

1905 Movie Network: Do you think movies are made for yourself?

Bi Gan: Of course, movies are for people, but it has nothing to do with me. I used all kinds of methods and spent time hiding my feelings and turning them into works. It is good for everyone to interact with the works. It has its own vitality. There is no need to interact with me. I don’t know everyone and everyone doesn’t know me.

　

1905 Movie Network: There are many scenes in which the hero reads poems. When did you start writing poems?

Bi Gan: Fifteen or sixteen years old, (time is not short) right, so it’s very long, so it’s not like a novice. We used to write homework for more than ten years, and you have left qq space for more than ten years, so it’s almost the same. We should be about the same age in writing lyric, and we have been lyric with words for more than ten years.

　

1905 Movie Network: Are you worried that the audience will not understand why they want to read poetry?

Bi Gan: Then you can also question why you don’t understand the lighting and the clothes worn by the actors. Poetry is probably the same, that is, sound, light and it are all elements inside. There is nothing you don’t understand, that is, you can’t accept it. If you accept it, you can go to him and interact with him. If you don’t accept it, there is nothing you can do.

　

1905 Movie Network: Do you think the audience will accept this play?

Bi Gan: Whatever (laughs).

　

1905 Movie Network: I feel that you are very open-minded.

Bi Gan: Sorry about the issuer. I don’t think so openly. I don’t know this. I don’t know everyone. There are 10,000 people in the audience. But if there are at least 20 people who are my friends, I will explain to them. I don’t know the rest. I may have no contact with you all my life, or my works will have contact with them. So what’s the point for me? I don’t think it’s meaningful. I hope you can convince me.

　

1905 Movie Network: Let you explain this movie now. What would you say?

Bi Gan: I explain it differently from everyone. I think this movie is an animation, just like an animation, where the innocence is particularly pure.

　

1905 Movie Network: Where is innocence reflected?

Bi Gan: A place for singing and walking.

　

1905 Movie Network: The theme that your works want to express has always been time?

Bi Gan: As I said just now, there is really nothing else. In France, many directors can discuss the relationship between people and love, which is very profound. I may not be able to understand that. What I can understand in my twenties is something particularly pure, time and memory.

　

Capital can’t control movies. I will only be happy when I am creating.

　

When I was a child, Bi Gan’s parents divorced. He grew up with his grandmother, so he was particularly independent in life, "because he needed to be taken care of". However, in thinking, Bi Gan said that he was very independent, "because he didn’t have to listen to anyone".

　

When he was a freshman, Bi Gan saw andrei tarkovsky’s films and came up with the idea of making movies, because it was "a way of expression". Then he made two short films, Tiger and Diamond Sutra, and was shortlisted for many film festivals. After graduating from college, I began to join the film industry. My family didn’t support it, but it was only a few years. In Bi Gan’s words, "I’ll just rely on it."

　

There was still no money when filming "Roadside Picnic". After filming, I won the prize, and after I became famous, the capital came to me. Those who seek cooperation will meet and talk with Bi Gan after screening by producers. If there is no common pursuit, it will be "game over". Facing the influx of investors, Bi Gan can see clearly that he can’t control his own creation and impose it on his unsuitable actors.

　

Today, Bi Gan has signed contracts with different companies, including directors and brokers, and has formed his own company with his partners. The following work is very full, but he is not sure whether he will always be a director. "It’s tiring to think about filming, but will there be a back after finishing?" I don’t know. I’m resigned. "

　

Next, Bi Gan will make a film called The Last Night of the Earth, with an investment of about 10 million yuan. It is a "country detective film that cannot be typed", and there will be elements of revenge, with new people and old people coming on stage together, but the new actors may not be stars.

　

1905 Movie Network: What’s the next plan?

Bi Gan: In August, I will help the Golden Horse film beat a one-minute image film, and then in April next year, I will shoot a long film called The Last Night of the Earth.

　

1905 Movie Network: Will the newcomers in the new film be familiar faces that everyone knows?

Bi Gan: Maybe it’s a truck driver, not necessarily an actor, not necessarily everyone knows, maybe it’s a star. I don’t care if it’s suitable or not.

　

1905 Movie Network: You don’t reject the All-Star cast?

Bi Gan: I don’t reject it more and more, because I feel that the constant use of non-professional actors is to remove his identity, so why can’t other professional actors remove his identity? Wouldn’t it be nice if it’s suitable and everyone communicates smoothly?

　

1905 Movie Network: What if some stars have more dominance on the set than themselves?

Bi Gan: Look at how big he is. If he thinks he is taller than me, I’m definitely not afraid of you. But if you want to put forward the reasons for this detail, I will listen carefully and find a better solution with you. If your way can be solved better, then I will fully respect you, because my purpose is not to be a director, but to make a good work.

　

1905 Movie Network: Is there much investment in finding you now?

Bi Gan: A lot. People who come to me generally want me to make my own movies, and he can’t let me shoot Spider-Man. If I do, he will go crazy.

　

1905 Movie Network: Do you promise to create instead of being dominated by capital?

Bi Gan: Capital and technology are all for helping me to make movies, not for me to serve them. These people who come to me know very well that all the capital is for making movies better.

　

1905 Movie Network: If the investor asks which actor to use, will you agree?

Bi Gan: Then if his actor is particularly good, I will compromise. If his actor is not good, it is impossible to compromise. If he is particularly suitable, I think you have a vision as an investor, and I should compromise with you.

　

1905 Movie Network: Aren’t you afraid to offend anyone?

Bi Gan: I don’t depend on anyone.

　

1905 Movie Network: If you don’t shoot this play, will life be guaranteed?

Bi Gan: No, The Roadside Picnic really allows me to write freely now, but I would have been poor before, but who is not poor in my twenties?

　

1905 Movie Network: You are only 27 years old now.

Bi Gan: 27 years old … … Then my friends around me can guarantee their own lives when they become civil servants. Before that, we were all poor together, so I think the stage is more consistent and the luck is better. It is a very glorious thing to be able to do art to support themselves.

　

1905 Movie Network: Many artists who can’t support themselves finally gave in.

Bi Gan: That’s not his fault.

　

1905 Movie Network: Will you insist on uncompromising?

Bi Gan: The most important thing is that I believe my work is good, so I am willing to pay. If my work is not good or I just want to run an identity, what the hell? Why should I do this? It’s good to work so hard every day and harm others and yourself, but if it’s valuable, you can talk to time memory so that the watching human body will notice it and understand it. If it’s so valuable, you should shoot it well and take out your own ideas.

　

1905 Movie Network: I heard that you still live in Guizhou?

Bi Gan: Because my home is over there. Of course, I will live there where my home is.

　

1905 Movie Network: Didn’t you want to live in Beijing?

Bi gan: there is no such reason, mainly.

　

1905 Movie Network: What kind of reasons will come?

Bi Gan: My family is coming. My children will come when they go to school here.

　

1905 Movie Network: Most directors may want to live here, and the resources will be better?

Bi Gan: What’s the use? It’s just as bad as shooting. I mean, the most critical moment is to spend time writing well, which is more useful than anything else. Some directors think that Beijing is very comfortable, so it’s already very good. You can write well here. The reason for choosing a place to live is because you are comfortable.

　

1905 Movie Network: When I was a child, there didn’t seem to be so much communication with my parents?

Bi Gan: In life, it is special that you will not be independent, because you need to be taken care of and grow up with your grandmother. But in thinking, I will be particularly independent, because I can listen to different people.

　

1905 Movie Network: Will childhood experiences affect the present?

Bi Gan: But I hope my child … … My wife and I can give him a very good family, and we can have a more sound family. Don’t be an artist, just be a normal and ordinary person and have a happy life.

　

1905 Movie Network: So you are unhappy as an artist?

Bi Gan: It’s because I’m only happy when I’m creating. Creation has helped me solve many problems, but he doesn’t have to create this problem. He doesn’t have that problem himself.

　

1905 Movie Network: Are you unhappy because of your childhood experience?

Bi Gan: I don’t think it’s so melodramatic. Most artists value themselves too much.

　　After the optimized epidemic prevention and control measures are introduced one after another, medical institutions will not be allowed to refuse COVID-19 patients to see a doctor. Does the current medical insurance reimbursement policy in COVID-19 adapt to the situation that the number of patients with positive infections may increase significantly?

　　During the investigation by the First Financial Reporter, it was found that some designated hospitals in COVID-19 began to remind COVID-19 patients to bring their medical insurance cards with them for subsequent policy adjustment.

　　"All patients who go to the designated hospitals for outpatient and emergency treatment in our hospital need to hold medical insurance cards (including electronic medical insurance cards) for normal settlement and pay for themselves normally; Patients without medical insurance cards pay for themselves. " On the 9th, a designated hospital in COVID-19 in a northern city issued a document saying.

　　This hospital is a local second-class general hospital, and it is also the designated hospital for medical insurance in this city. Recently, this hospital was opened as the designated hospital for treatment in COVID-19, mainly providing medical treatment for patients with nucleic acid positive or antigen positive in Covid-19.

　　On the afternoon of the 9th, CBN called the hospital for an appointment as a patient’s family member. Relevant staff said that at present, the expenses incurred by the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 in the outpatient and emergency departments should be borne by themselves, that is, the medical insurance is settled normally or the patients pay by themselves.

　　However, the practice of medical insurance reimbursement in this hospital is not common. A person in charge of a district-level medical insurance department in the city told CBN that the policy adjustment document has not been received for the time being.

　　The reporter called the outpatient department of another local designated hospital in COVID-19, and the relevant telephone receiver said that at present, COVID-19’s nucleic acid-positive people come to the outpatient department to make an appointment, which still belongs to the category of financial reimbursement and need not bear it by themselves. "If you come to register tomorrow, it is recommended to bring a medical insurance card. We are not sure whether there will be any changes at that time."

　　The staff in charge of community liaison at another designated hospital in COVID-19 in this city also said that it is best to bring a medical insurance card when visiting a doctor. Now, the policy received is that the treatment related to COVID-19 is free, and the treatment outside COVID-19 needs to be charged.

　　"It’s best to bring a medical insurance card with you, and then follow any policy," the staff member said.

　　In the past three years, China has adopted the method of "first treatment, then settlement" to effectively guarantee the treatment expenses of confirmed and suspected patients. After the comprehensive protection of basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance, the personal burden is partially subsidized by the finance.

　　A person who was tested positive when he entered China this summer and was treated in a domestic hospital told CBN that he also showed his electronic medical insurance card (namely, medical insurance electronic certificate) when he was admitted to hospital, and did not pay any medical-related expenses during his hospitalization.

　　A person in charge of the medical insurance bureau in the eastern region told CBN that the current policy is to "reimburse" all expenses related to COVID-19 treatment for COVID-19-positive patients admitted to the hospital, including outpatient emergency and hospitalization. There is no central document basis for the requirement that "the expenses incurred by the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency departments should be borne by themselves".

　　A medical insurance researcher told CBN that free treatment in COVID-19 is a medical security measure in an emergency state. After the optimization of epidemic control, medical insurance "reimbursement" also needs to return to normal management, and COVID-19 treatment can be implemented according to the current normal medical insurance reimbursement and management policy.

　　On December 9, Jiao Yahui, director of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said at the press conference of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council that before COVID-19 was positive, all medical institutions should accept positive patients, and it is not allowed to distinguish whether to accept or not by nucleic acid results. Patients do not have to worry about hospitals not accepting patients.

　　In the past three years, the "main battlefield" of COVID-19 medical care was the designated treatment institutions in COVID-19, including infectious disease hospitals and designated treatment institutions and shelters in various places. In the future, all hospitals will join the main battlefield.

　　The above-mentioned medical insurance researchers said that National Health Commission’s requirement that all medical institutions should not refuse to accept positive patients has revealed the future direction, that is, positive outpatient and emergency visits will be classified as normal medical treatment.

　　"Whether the medical insurance reimbursement policy is adjusted still needs to be determined by the central document, but it is expected that in the actual implementation, infectious disease hospitals, designated treatment institutions and specialized institutions for severe treatment such as shelter can still be reimbursed according to the original policy. Except for these institutions, positive patients will pay for medical treatment in other medical institutions as normal diseases," said a medical insurance industry insider.