The great spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea forged in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is precious spiritual wealth, which will inspire the people of China and the Chinese nation to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and all powerful enemies.

-On October 19th, 2020, when visiting the theme exhibition "Remembering the Great Victory and Defending Peace and Justice-Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out.

This year marks the 70th anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s war to resist US aggression and aid Korea. On October 19th, 1950, Chinese people’s Volunteer Army crossed the Yalu River and started the great War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. On October 25, the volunteers launched the first battle into the DPRK-the two water tunnels battle and won. A year later, the people of China designated October 25th as the anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

"valiant, spirited, across the Yalu river …"

70 years ago

There is such a group of hot-blooded China army.

Cross the Yalu River

Embark on the road to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea and defend the country.

Volunteer troops to resist US aggression and aid Korea cross the Yalu River (Xinhua News Agency)

Battle of Shangganling (Xinhua News Agency)

In this team

There are many young people from Fujian.

They are armed with crude weapons in a foreign country.

Eating "a handful of fried noodles and a handful of snow"

Facing the "artillery rain" pouring all over the sky

Follow the big army and put the arrogant opponent.

Hit the negotiating table

Put the humiliation of China and the arrogance of the powers for more than 100 years

Smash to pieces

Meisi motherland jintanggu

I will recall the hero’s cold armor.

70 years have passed by.

We can’t forget

Veterans who joined the volunteer army without hesitation.

Although they are now in their eighties.

But just mention the bonfire years.

They will still straighten their backs.

be in high spirits

It’s like going back to the era of galloping on the battlefield …

Zhou Zhenrong (86 years old), born in Minhou County, Fuzhou City, was born in 1934. In June 1951, he joined the 25th Army of China People’s Liberation Army gloriously and officially became an army medical soldier. In August 1952, Zhou Zhenrong was ordered to "go north to build" with his army. After reorganization, the 25th Army was reorganized into the 2nd Battalion of the 217th Regiment, the 73rd Division of the 23rd Army. After a 1,800-kilometer emergency March, he arrived in Wonsan, the eastern front of Korea, and then moved to the middle line to fight side by side with the Korean people, and won two military medals.

Zheng Saizhao (91 years old), a native of Taijiang District, Fuzhou City, was born in December 1928. He joined the army in February 1950. Before joining the army, he studied in Fuzhou No.4 Middle School. In May, he studied and trained in the 20th Army Training Regiment of the Ninth Corps of the Third Field Army. In November, he participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. He worked in the engineering department of the 60th Division of the 20th Army and the artillery regiment of the 60th Division of the 20th Army. He returned to China in October 1952.

Hou Yin (aged 89) now lives in Gulou District, Fuzhou, and was born in December 1930. In May 1949, he joined the China People’s Liberation Army and was a student of the Second Field Military and Political University. He has successively served as the squad leader of Wudang District in the Southern Anhui Military Region, the team leader of the Fourth Middle School of the Teaching Corps, and the trainee staff officer of the headquarters. In November, 1952, the general staff of the headquarters of the July 11th Brigade of the May 4th Division of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army entered the DPRK to fight, and participated in many military operations, such as anti-landing operations, repairing the Datong River Bridge in Pyongyang, and fighting bandits after the armistice, and won the international third-class merit once and the third-class merit four times.

Xin Shaokong (90 years old), living in Xiamen, was born in June 1930, joined the army in January 1946, worked as a nurse in the battle of Xiannan in North Korea in November 1950, and worked as a nurse in five battles in North Korea in May 1951. Because of his outstanding work performance, he completed the task well and won the second class merit. In December 1953, he worked actively in the medical team of the former Eighth Field Hospital of East China Military Region, and won a third-class merit.

Li Shuiyi (96 years old), a native of Yunxiao County, Zhangzhou City, was born in July 1924, joined the army in February 1948, served as the logistics department chief of the 27th Army of the Third Field Army, participated in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Liberation War and the Korean War successively, and was discharged in January 1955. Third class three times, fourth class three times. During his time as an ordnance officer in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, he risked his life to protect his briefcase. More than 170 people in the whole company participated in the war, and only one of them was alive. In the early summer of 1955, he was demobilized from the 27th Army of the Third Field Army.

Ye Yinshui (89 years old), born in Changtai County, Zhangzhou City, was born in July 1931. He joined the army in Zhangzhou Uprising in 1949, was re-elected as a scout in the 271st Regiment of the 91st Division in June 1950, and joined the Party in December 1950. In April 1951, he was re-elected as the second squad leader in the guard battalion of the 148th Division of the 50th Army in Chinese people’s Volunteer Army, and in February 1953, he was re-elected as the deputy platoon leader in the 148th Division. In February 1955, he was demobilized and returned to Mingqian Township, Yanxi Town, Changtai County, where he served as the Party branch secretary, and made third-class merit three times.

Xie Ronghua (92 years old), a native of Nan ‘an, Quanzhou, was born in April 1928. In November 1950, he served as the correspondent of the 240 regiment of the Eighth Division of the Twenty-seventh Army, and joined the army to participate in the battle in the DPRK and participated in the famous Battle of Shangganling. In September 1953, he was discharged due to injury. Won the third class and the fourth class once.

Wu Qingbo (94 years old), born in Nan ‘an, Quanzhou, was born in September 1926. In June 1949, he joined the China People’s Liberation Army and joined the 93rd Regiment of the 31st Division of the 11th Army. In March 1951, the 93rd Regiment of the 31st Division of the 12th Army of the Volunteers entered the Korean War, served as a correspondent and monitor, and took part in the famous Battle of Shangganling. Won the second class once.

Zhang Zhen (94 years old), a native of Ninghua County, Sanming City, was born in May 1926. In June, 1949, he participated in the activity of "welcoming the peaceful liberation of the People’s Liberation Army in Ninghua" led by Zhang Zhinong, the Ministry of Industry of Ninghua City. In October 1949, he joined the army and studied at Nanchang Branch of Central South Military and Political University. In June, 1950, he served as the trainee operational staff of the 48th Army Command of the China People’s Liberation Army, and moved around Gannan and northern Guangdong with the army to fight bandits. In February 1951, he participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and served as a combat training staff in the headquarters of the 208th Regiment of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army Rocket (Katyusha). He was awarded the third class merit twice and won a military medal of the Democratic Republic of Korea and the title of "People’s Hero".

Lin Jinzhang (87 years old), born in Licheng District, Putian City, was born in 1933. At the age of 16, Lin Jinzhang joined the guerrillas in central Fujian as an underground liaison and joined the Communist Youth League. In April, 1950, Lin Jinzhang officially joined the army, belonging to the Independent 84th Division, and participated in the Battle of Dachen Island and Jiangshan Island. Later, Lin Jinzhang’s troops were ordered to enter the DPRK to participate in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, participate in the Battle of Yichuan, and won the third-class merit twice. Later, they worked in the 62nd Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Railways and returned to Putian in 1958.

Li Liumin (aged 87) now lives in Hanjiang District, Putian City and was born in February 1933. He joined the army in December 1952, and in the same year, he joined Chinese people’s Volunteer Army to go to the DPRK to participate in the war, serving as the deputy platoon leader. In September, 1955, he won the medal awarded by President People’s Republic of China (PRC), and won a third-class merit. Participated in the fifth campaign in 1953. In April 1957, he transferred to the former Fujian Tenth Construction Company, and in 1971, he was transferred to the Third Company of the Tenth Group of the Provincial Automobile Transportation Company.

Lin Jinkui (93 years old), a native of Xianyou County, Putian City, was born in October 1927, joined the army in 1948, joined the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea on October 20, 1950, joined the 15th Army in the Battle of Shangganling in 1952, and then transferred to the Guard Company of the Third Corps, where he won a third class merit and returned to China in August 1955.

Mo Rubai (aged 87), born in December 1932, joined the army in January 1948. His unit was the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, and he joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) at the age of 17 in December 1949. He used to be an observer of a company of the 17th Regiment to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and won several liberation medals and the Medal to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.

Wu Chuanshou (aged 89), born in Songxi County, Nanping City, was born in March 1931. He joined the army in March 1951 and joined the Second Battalion and Third Company of the 79th Division of the 27th Army. In October 1951, he participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and successively served as monitor, platoon leader and company assistant instructor. During this period, he won the second-class merit for his outstanding rodent control work in the anti-bacterial war.

李正大（现年93岁），居住于龙岩市新罗区，1927年1月出生，1949年11月参加福建军政大学，为第一期24中队学员，1950年7月分配福州警备司令部九十五师任连队宣传员。1951年1月北上抗美援朝，1952年12月在志愿军空军二十四支队警卫营任文教组长，立三等功1次。

华盛文（现年96岁），龙岩市连城县人，1924年7月出生，先后3次立功受奖，担任过战士、副班长、班长、副排长和排长等职。

刘斌（现年93岁），龙岩市长汀县人，1927年6月出生。1949年12月长汀入伍，1951年1月出国抗美援朝，1953年10月回国，1956年12月于防空部队独立四十二营退伍。在抗美援朝战斗中,他所在的高炮独立营有12门高炮驻扎在朝鲜平安大道,专门守卫大同江大桥等几座大桥的安全。1951年，获颁中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会抗美援朝纪念章。1953年，获颁中国人民赴朝慰问团抗美援朝纪念章。

林赞钦（现年90岁），宁德市蕉城区人，1930年2月出生。1949年9月参加中国人民解放军，入伍二十军六十三师一八九团。先后任炮兵团连文教，司令部管理股书记。1952年9月一八九团志愿军入朝作战，参加了金城战役等战斗，入朝参战期间，林赞钦先后担任司令部管理科书记、一八九团炮兵营参谋。1952年至1953年先后在炮兵团山炮连、炮兵团宣传股荣立三等功两次。

郑日富（现年94岁），宁德市屏南县人，1926年8月出生。1948年6月参加中国人民解放军。参加过解放战争，经历淮海战役瑶山、狼山攻击战、淮海战役围歼战、渡江战役白沙村战斗、强渡黄埔江北站等战斗，荣立三等功一次。1950年10月志愿军二十军八十九师炮兵团志愿入朝作战，参加了朝鲜二次战役社仓里战斗、朝鲜五十天阻击战等战斗，获得抗美援朝保家卫国功劳证、世界和平勋章、抗美援朝纪念勋章。

Xiao Yiwen (99 years old), a native of zhouning county, Ningde City, was born in February 1921, joined the army in June 1948, and joined the party in September 1949. He was a soldier to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and was disabled in the fourth degree because of the war. Xiao Yiwen, who participated in Liaoshen Campaign (won the "Third Class Merit"), Huaihai Campaign (won the "Second Class Merit") and Crossing the River Campaign (won the "Third Class Merit"), participated in the Fourth Battle of Korea (Battle of Tieyuan Highland in Shangganling) in 1951, and was then the squad leader of the eighth stretcher class of the 3rd Battalion of the 78th Division of the 26th Army. In order to save new soldiers, Xiao Yiwen was shot and injured, and lost one of his limbs.

Li Marong (90 years old), born in Shouning County, Ningde City, was born in January 1930. When the Korean War broke out in 1950, Li Marong merged with the People’s Liberation Army troops in Jiangshang District of Zhenghe County into the 10th Company of the 3rd Battalion of the 239th Regiment of the 80th Division of the 27th Army of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army, then entered Korea with the army, participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, participated in the Battle of Xinxingli and the Battle of Wushengshan, and returned to China in 1953 after the war.

On March 28th, 2014, at Incheon International Airport, the Chinese salute held the coffin of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s martyr. (Xinhua News Agency)

On September 28th, 2020, the remains of the seventh batch of volunteers in Korea returned to China for burial ceremony. From 2014 to 2020, a total of 716 volunteers’ remains in Korea returned to China for burial. (CCTV News)

Review the vicissitudes of history

Some people are back.

Some people, sacrificed.

According to incomplete statistics

Since October 1950

Chinese people’s Volunteer Army went to the DPRK to fight.

The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea began.

By July 1953,

The two sides signed the Korean Armistice Agreement

Victory over the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea

The total number of victims in Chinese people’s Volunteer Army is 197,653.

Among them, more than 1,200 people are from Fujian.

Those martyrs who are buried in foreign countries.

The heroic spirit lives in the hearts of the people forever.

Names and deeds of heroes

It has already been written into the glorious history of the people’s army.

The heroic spirit will live on in China forever.

Due to the rush of time, long history and incomplete historical materials, it is difficult to collect personal stories. Now, according to the personal data submitted by various districts and cities in the province, some brief stories of veterans of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea are selected to look back on those passionate years to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s war to resist US aggression and aid Korea abroad. )

——END——

Text finishing | Ye Mingzhu

Picture material | Integrated with various districts and cities, and partly from the Internet.

Contributed by | Supervision Committee of Ningde Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection Shouning County Commission for Discipline Inspection

Original title: "Heroes are the brightest coordinates of the nation —— Commemorating the 70th anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea"

Read the original text

　　【Pacific Auto Network Technology Channel】 1.6L was once the first choice for family cars because of its sufficient power and relatively low fuel consumption. However, with the improvement of consumption level, the size of family cars is getting bigger and bigger, and the power of 1.6L displacement is just enough. If the vehicle is fully loaded, it will be a bit of a small horse-drawn cart, and the driving pleasure has long been gone. 2.0L displacement power is sufficient, but high fuel consumption is inevitable. To make a compromise, 1.8L displacement power and fuel economy are the most suitable. I also saw this opportunity, and developed a brand-new 1.8L engine in five years. This engine code is EC8, which is currently mounted on Dongfeng models. This issue will bring you the technical analysis of Dongfeng EC8 1.8L CVVT engine.

　

Wonderful review of the last issue

　

● Basic engine parameters

● Research and development background of ●EC8 engine project

　　The research and development project of EC8 1.8L engine was put forward at the board of directors of Shenlong Company as early as April 2008, and was officially put into production in April 2013. The whole project development took five years.

　　In the two years before April, 2010, China market analysis and product technical scheme determination were mainly carried out. According to market analysis and laws and regulations, 1.8L will be the gold emission in the household market, and the power performance of 1.8L can best meet the household demand, while the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission also meet the environmental protection requirements.

　

For more engine technical analysis articles, please click the following link:

　

● Fuel consumption of ●1.6L and power of 2.0L displacement.

　　EC8 is a brand-new engine launched by PSA for China market. EC8 engine claims to have the fuel consumption of 1.6L displacement engine and the power of 2.0L displacement engine, and its performance level is in the advanced position of naturally aspirated engine.

　　It can be seen from the EC8 engine diagram that about 90% of the peak torque has erupted in the engine at 1500 rpm, and the torque curve is relatively gentle and lasts until 6000 rpm.

　　It has good dynamic performance in the daily use speed range, and reaches the peak torque at the earliest in the same class. The most intuitive feeling is that when the start accelerates, the low speed is very fast. The output that can be obtained in the 1500-2000 shift range that Chinese people are used to can be described as a little bit of power and a steady stream.

　　With the power of the 2.0L displacement engine, where does the fuel consumption of the 1.6L displacement engine come from? Of course, it depends on technology. For example, EC8 engine adopts cylinder honing technology, micro-grooved tile technology, variable displacement pump, DLC coated hydraulic tappet, intelligent timing gear damping technology, belt and so on. Listen to me together.

　

Before writing this article, Xiao Bian also visited the production workshop of EC8 engine. If you are interested, you can click the following link:

　

● Flat-top honing and micro-grooved tile technology

　　In terms of process flow, the cylinder block of EC8 engine is carried out in a small number of times by gradually adding power. In the last finishing process — — Flat-top honing

　　Flat-top honing can shorten the early running-in process and improve the fuel consumption and engine oil consumption during the running-in period. It can form a multi-reticulated small platform, which can greatly improve the lubrication condition of the friction pair, prolong the service life of the cylinder hole and piston ring friction pair and prolong the time. This technology is also widely called "pre-running-in" by experts, which can minimize the running-in wear of users when driving new cars, improve the reliability of vehicles to a greater extent, and save users’ maintenance costs.

　　In addition, crankshaft bearing has also adopted the micro-grooved tile technology. Micron grooves are machined on the surface of bearing bush by special machining method. The application of micro-grooved tile technology improves the compliance of bearing bush and accelerates the early running-in between bearing bush and crankshaft. Improve the fluidity of lubricating oil in the minimum oil film thickness area and enhance the cooling effect of engine bearing bush; The distribution area of lubricating oil film along the width direction of bearing bush is larger, which can increase the thickness of oil film in most high-pressure working areas and prevent the bearing bush from sticking.

　　The application benefits of micro-grooved tile technology are to reduce the mechanical loss of moving parts and improve the engine efficiency; Improve the reliability of moving parts and prolong the service life.

　　The combination of cylinder flat-top honing technology and crankshaft bearing micro-groove tile technology reduces the power consumption in crankshaft operation engineering. The inspection in the assembly workshop shows that the friction of crankshaft rotation needs to consume 3.6N·m engine torque.

　

For more related articles, please click the following link:

　

　

● Variable pump

　　There is also an oil pump directly connected with, and the operation of the oil pump also consumes a part. According to relevant foreign research reports, the use of variable displacement oil pump can generally reduce the fuel consumption of the engine by 1%-2%. To reduce the power consumption of the oil pump, it is necessary to match the oil supply of the oil pump with the actual oil demand of the engine. The use of variable displacement oil pump can meet this requirement.

　　The variable displacement oil pump used in EC8 engine is provided by Magna Powertrain (Changzhou) Co., Ltd.. EC8 oil pump is a variable displacement vane pump, which can be mainly divided into sliding variable vane pump and swinging variable vane pump. The variable principle of the two types of vane pumps is basically the same: the eccentricity between the outer adjusting ring and the rotor is changed by sliding or swinging, and then the displacement of the vane pump is changed.

　　When the feedback oil pressure reaches the variable set value, it is compressed, and the outer adjusting ring slides or swings, so that the eccentricity between the inner ring and the outer ring of the blade is reduced, and the variation of the oil pressure cavity formed between the blade and the inner and outer rings is also reduced correspondingly during the operation of the oil pump, thus reducing the oil pump flow; When the feedback oil pressure decreases, the spring gradually returns to reset the adjusting ring.

　　Main oil passage pressure feedback pressure control mode, which takes the feedback pressure point as the main evaluation point of engine pressure, has small pressure fluctuation and is close to the main lubricating parts, and can accurately reflect the engine oil pressure demand. By adopting main oil passage pressure feedback, the pressure control is more accurate and close to the engine demand, and the oil pump efficiency is higher.

　　The variable displacement pump keeps the pressure of the main oil passage of the engine at medium and high speed at a relatively constant value, which can meet the engine oil demand, reduce power consumption and play the role of energy saving and emission reduction. The variable displacement vane oil pump of EC8 engine is at the top level in China, with low power consumption and stable oil pressure control. Users can reduce engine power consumption and fuel consumption when driving a vehicle.　

　

For more related articles, please click the following link:

　

　

●DLC coated hydraulic tappet

　　The working surface of EC8 hydraulic tappet is also coated with Diamond-like Carbon for short. The surface of DLC coating is black, which has comprehensive excellent properties such as stable quality, good adhesion with matrix, good wear resistance, low friction coefficient and good corrosion resistance.

　　The hardness of DLC coating can reach 8000HV, the friction coefficient is as low as 0.05~0.2, and the coating thickness is 0.5-10μ M, the highest heat resistance reaches 800℃.

　　After the tappet is coated, the surface friction coefficient is significantly reduced and the hardness is higher, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the tappet surface and greatly reduces the friction loss between the cam and the tappet surface. While reducing the working noise, it also reduces the power consumption of the engine, thus achieving the purpose of reducing fuel consumption and reducing the cost of car use.

● Intelligent timing gear damping technology

　　Through the special formal gear profile design, a controlled and periodic phase interference is formed to eliminate the torsional vibration of camshaft and reduce the dynamic tension of belt.

　　The processed crankshaft timing gear is approximately oval, which can significantly reduce the timing error of camshaft, effectively reduce the dynamic tension of belt, effectively reduce the dynamic and static axle load and improve the service life of belt.

　　It can be seen from the curve that the vibration of the intelligent timing system is reduced and the engine runs quieter. According to reports, the life of the intelligent timing system is equivalent to that of the engine. The belt tension is reduced and the bearing life is effectively improved. It reduces the noise and vibration of the user’s timing system when driving, and improves the driving comfort of the vehicle.

　

For more related articles, please click the following link:

　

　

●

　　EC8 piston adopts the latest technology of FM-Federal-Mogul Company: ELASTOVAL II structure and fully floating piston pin, which optimizes the piston design structure, removes the back mass of piston ring support area, reduces the piston weight and friction loss, and realizes the lightweight of the piston while maintaining sufficient strength of the piston. Elastoval II comprehensively considers the skirt, thickness, profile and other factors, combined with the cylinder clearance and pin hole eccentricity, in order to achieve the best energy-saving and noise-reducing effect, and is conducive to reducing fuel consumption and increasing its fuel.

　　EC8 improves the engine performance to a great extent by increasing the volume of the piston head projection to 11. The special piston structure design also improves the reliability of engine operation and reduces the cost of users’ cars.

●CVVT timing technology

　　CVVT is a technology that changes the opening time of camshaft by electro-hydraulic control system, so as to control the required valve overlap angle. This is not a novel automobile technology. Now many engines have adopted this mature and reliable technology.

　　EC8 engine adopts the VVT technology of INA, which can adjust the intake valve timing and phase in a wide range of angles to ensure that the engine can meet the requirements of middle and low speed and high speed at the same time. The driving comfort, fuel economy and emission are obviously improved. CVVT technology can ensure the charging efficiency of the engine under different working conditions and improve the low-speed end torque by 5-10%. 5-8% high-speed power is increased, so that users can get better power output when starting at low speed, and high engine power is maintained at medium and high speed. The fuel economy can be improved by 1-3%, making the vehicle more fuel efficient. Under the limited NOx level, HC emission can be reduced by 25% at most, and the stability at idle speed is improved, and the driving comfort is better.

　　Summary:Throughout the whole paper, EC8 engine should have many advanced engine technologies besides the original mature, stable and reliable technologies. The development time is relatively short, the cost is relatively low, and the existing market resources can also be used to some extent. The same is true from the user’s point of view. What users are most worried about is whether the performance is stable or not, and it is not easy to buy accessories when there is a fault, which just solves these problems. With five years’ unremitting efforts, the brand-new EC8 engine has been developed with "high efficiency, low consumption and high reliability" in consideration of power, fuel consumption, comfort and reliability. The slogan of the power of the 2.0L engine and the fuel consumption of the 1.6L displacement engine will never be groundless.

　

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Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, December 3 (Reporter Bai Yu) According to the latest report from the Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, 164 new cases of dengue fever were reported in the province from November 25th to December 1st, which was 56 cases less than the previous week and 25.5% lower than the previous month. There were no new cases in eight prefecture-level cities. Experts predict that the dengue fever epidemic may end in mid-December.

As of 0: 00 on December 1st, 20 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province have reported a total of 45,053 cases of dengue fever this year, including 37,280 cases in Guangzhou and 442 cases in Shenzhen. There were 18,910 hospitalized cases, and 18,771 discharged cases were cured. A total of 6 deaths were reported, including 5 cases in Guangzhou and 1 case in Foshan.

According to the analysis of disease control experts, with the implementation of various prevention and control measures and the gradual cooling of the weather, the density of mosquito vectors has decreased significantly. In the middle of this month or in the next two weeks, the dengue fever epidemic spread locally in Guangdong will probably end.

　　BEIJING, July 14 (Xinhua) Ruan Jianhong, spokesman of the People’s Bank of China and director of the Survey and Statistics Department, said on the 14th that in the first half of the year, various loans of financial institutions increased by 15.73 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.02 trillion yuan over the same period of last year, indicating that the financial system has further increased its support for the real economy. From the perspective of industry investment, new loans were mainly invested in key areas such as manufacturing and infrastructure, and the growth of loans in the real estate industry also showed a sustained recovery trend, and the structure of the loan industry was further optimized.

　　Ruan Jianhong said that from the perspective of loan subjects, loans from enterprises (institutions) were the main body of loan increment in the first half of the year. In the first half of the year, loans from enterprises and institutions increased by 12.81 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.42 trillion yuan year-on-year, accounting for 81.5% of the total credit increase. Household loans increased by 2.80 trillion yuan, an increase of 572.3 billion yuan. The main reason for the increase in household loans is the increase in personal business loans and short-term consumer loans. In the first half of the year, personal business loans increased by 2.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 759.3 billion yuan over the same period of last year; Personal short-term consumer loans increased by 300.9 billion yuan, an increase of 401.9 billion yuan.

　　From the perspective of industry investment, new loans were mainly invested in key areas such as manufacturing and infrastructure, and the growth of loans in the real estate industry also showed a sustained recovery trend, and the structure of the loan industry was further optimized. Specifically:

　　The growth rate of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry maintained a high level. At the end of June, the medium and long-term loans of manufacturing industry increased by 40.3% year-on-year, 10.7 percentage points higher than the same period of last year, and 22.3 percentage points higher than the growth rate of medium and long-term loans of all industries. In the first half of the year, loans increased by 2.15 trillion yuan, an increase of 821.9 billion yuan year-on-year. Among them, the medium and long-term loans of high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 41.5% year-on-year, 11.5 percentage points higher than the same period of the first half of the year. In the first half of the year, the medium and long-term loans for new high-tech manufacturing industries were 483.5 billion yuan, an increase of 184.7 billion yuan year-on-year.

　　Look at the infrastructure industry. Medium-and long-term loans in the infrastructure industry grew rapidly. At the end of June, medium and long-term loans in infrastructure industry increased by 15.8% year-on-year, 3.3 percentage points higher than the same period of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 3.25 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.1 trillion yuan over the same period of last year.

　　The growth rate of medium and long-term loans in the real estate industry continued to rise. At the end of June, the medium and long-term loans in the real estate industry increased by 7.1%, 0.2 and 8.5 percentage points higher than the end of last month and the same period of last year respectively, and the growth rate has been rising for 11 consecutive months. In the first half of the year, the real estate industry added 628.7 billion yuan in medium and long-term loans, an increase of 459 billion yuan year-on-year.

　　Ruan Jianhong pointed out that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will continue to give full play to the dual functions of monetary policy tools, maintain a reasonable growth of credit and a stable pace, and continue to increase support for key areas and weak links of the national economy to help the real economy to further improve.

　　After the optimized epidemic prevention and control measures are introduced one after another, medical institutions will not be allowed to refuse COVID-19 patients to see a doctor. Does the current medical insurance reimbursement policy in COVID-19 adapt to the situation that the number of patients with positive infections may increase significantly?

　　During the investigation by the First Financial Reporter, it was found that some designated hospitals in COVID-19 began to remind COVID-19 patients to bring their medical insurance cards with them for subsequent policy adjustment.

　　"All patients who go to the designated hospitals for outpatient and emergency treatment in our hospital need to hold medical insurance cards (including electronic medical insurance cards) for normal settlement and pay for themselves normally; Patients without medical insurance cards pay for themselves. " On the 9th, a designated hospital in COVID-19 in a northern city issued a document saying.

　　This hospital is a local second-class general hospital, and it is also the designated hospital for medical insurance in this city. Recently, this hospital was opened as the designated hospital for treatment in COVID-19, mainly providing medical treatment for patients with nucleic acid positive or antigen positive in Covid-19.

　　On the afternoon of the 9th, CBN called the hospital for an appointment as a patient’s family member. Relevant staff said that at present, the expenses incurred by the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 in the outpatient and emergency departments should be borne by themselves, that is, the medical insurance is settled normally or the patients pay by themselves.

　　However, the practice of medical insurance reimbursement in this hospital is not common. A person in charge of a district-level medical insurance department in the city told CBN that the policy adjustment document has not been received for the time being.

　　The reporter called the outpatient department of another local designated hospital in COVID-19, and the relevant telephone receiver said that at present, COVID-19’s nucleic acid-positive people come to the outpatient department to make an appointment, which still belongs to the category of financial reimbursement and need not bear it by themselves. "If you come to register tomorrow, it is recommended to bring a medical insurance card. We are not sure whether there will be any changes at that time."

　　The staff in charge of community liaison at another designated hospital in COVID-19 in this city also said that it is best to bring a medical insurance card when visiting a doctor. Now, the policy received is that the treatment related to COVID-19 is free, and the treatment outside COVID-19 needs to be charged.

　　"It’s best to bring a medical insurance card with you, and then follow any policy," the staff member said.

　　In the past three years, China has adopted the method of "first treatment, then settlement" to effectively guarantee the treatment expenses of confirmed and suspected patients. After the comprehensive protection of basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance, the personal burden is partially subsidized by the finance.

　　A person who was tested positive when he entered China this summer and was treated in a domestic hospital told CBN that he also showed his electronic medical insurance card (namely, medical insurance electronic certificate) when he was admitted to hospital, and did not pay any medical-related expenses during his hospitalization.

　　A person in charge of the medical insurance bureau in the eastern region told CBN that the current policy is to "reimburse" all expenses related to COVID-19 treatment for COVID-19-positive patients admitted to the hospital, including outpatient emergency and hospitalization. There is no central document basis for the requirement that "the expenses incurred by the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency departments should be borne by themselves".

　　A medical insurance researcher told CBN that free treatment in COVID-19 is a medical security measure in an emergency state. After the optimization of epidemic control, medical insurance "reimbursement" also needs to return to normal management, and COVID-19 treatment can be implemented according to the current normal medical insurance reimbursement and management policy.

　　On December 9, Jiao Yahui, director of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said at the press conference of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council that before COVID-19 was positive, all medical institutions should accept positive patients, and it is not allowed to distinguish whether to accept or not by nucleic acid results. Patients do not have to worry about hospitals not accepting patients.

　　In the past three years, the "main battlefield" of COVID-19 medical care was the designated treatment institutions in COVID-19, including infectious disease hospitals and designated treatment institutions and shelters in various places. In the future, all hospitals will join the main battlefield.

　　The above-mentioned medical insurance researchers said that National Health Commission’s requirement that all medical institutions should not refuse to accept positive patients has revealed the future direction, that is, positive outpatient and emergency visits will be classified as normal medical treatment.

　　"Whether the medical insurance reimbursement policy is adjusted still needs to be determined by the central document, but it is expected that in the actual implementation, infectious disease hospitals, designated treatment institutions and specialized institutions for severe treatment such as shelter can still be reimbursed according to the original policy. Except for these institutions, positive patients will pay for medical treatment in other medical institutions as normal diseases," said a medical insurance industry insider.

Click on the blue word above to pay attention to "vitality and harmony"

College entrance examination is a big test in the life of college students, which is related to the vital interests of candidates and has attracted much attention from the society. The college entrance examination in 2024 is approaching, and the majority of candidates are actively adjusting their status and preparing for the exam calmly and orderly. However, some lawless elements are driven by economic interests to spread false information about the exam, sell and create anxiety, and even commit fraud and induce candidates to cheat in the exam, which seriously disrupts the enrollment order of the exam. To this end, the Ministry of Education, in conjunction with relevant departments, has sorted out some typical cases that have appeared in recent years, and solemnly reminded the majority of candidates and parents that they must be vigilant, beware of being deceived, and do the integrity test. Let’s look at it together-

First, organizing cheating in the college entrance examination can’t escape the recovery of the French Open.

[Case] Before the college entrance examination in 2023, some criminals promised candidates through QQ group and other channels that they would pass the answers to the candidates during the college entrance examination. Candidates only need to bring in electronic devices and send back the questions. The Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Security and other relevant departments jointly conducted rapid investigation and successfully destroyed relevant criminal gangs before the exam.

【 Regulations 】 The Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that it is illegal to "organize cheating" and "provide examination questions and answers to candidates" in the national examinations prescribed by law. The Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases, such as Cheating in Organizing Examinations, makes it clear that those who organize cheating in national education examinations, such as college entrance examinations and postgraduate entrance examinations, shall be deemed as "serious" acts, and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and fined.

[Reminder] In recent years, local public security organs, together with the education departments, have continued to maintain a high-pressure and severe crackdown on all kinds of illegal and criminal activities involving exams. Remind the majority of candidates that they must enhance their legal awareness, know the law and abide by it, and don’t be confused for a while and regret it for life.

Second, "Gui Li" will eventually become "likui jy", and it is not feasible to challenge the law.

[Case] In the unified entrance examination of art and design major in colleges and universities in a province in 2020, two "exam-assisting" intermediaries found a college student to take the test for a candidate and were arrested by the police. Two cheaters were sentenced to three years and eight months in prison and three years and two months in prison respectively. Taking the test for college students was sentenced to five months’ criminal detention and suspended for one year.

【 Regulations 】 The Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) clearly stipulates that it is illegal to "organize cheating" or "substitute others or let others take the exam instead of themselves" in the national examination prescribed by law.

[Reminder] In recent years, some new technical means have been gradually used in the management of national education examinations to prevent fraud such as taking exams. Although the results of college entrance examination are important, the quality of honesty is related to the development of a person’s life. Don’t believe in the temptation of criminals, and don’t be lucky enough to take the exam for others or let others take their place. Trying the law will eventually "eat the consequences".

Third, avoid the security belt "equipment", and the attempted cheating will ruin the future.

[Case] During the college entrance examination in 2022, a candidate avoided the entrance security check and illegally brought his mobile phone into the examination room. After the examination, he took a test paper and sent it to QQ group for an answer, which was unsuccessful, and was seized by the public security organs at the first time according to law. According to relevant regulations, candidates who violate the rules are dealt with seriously.

[Regulations] The college entrance examination is a national education examination prescribed by law. The Measures for Handling Violation of National Education Examination clearly stipulates that anyone who carries equipment with the function of sending or receiving information should be considered cheating in the examination, and the scores of all stages and subjects he signed up for the examination are invalid. The Education Law of the People’s Republic of China clearly stipulates that candidates who carry or use cheating equipment and materials in national education examinations, if the circumstances are serious, shall be ordered by the education administrative department to stop taking the relevant national education examinations for more than one year and less than three years; If it constitutes a violation of public security administration, it shall be punished by the public security organ according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

[Reminder] In recent years, the Ministry of Education, together with relevant departments, has deployed a special treatment for cheating on mobile phones in the college entrance examination, and resolutely prevented cheating on high-tech equipment such as mobile phones by strengthening the entrance clearance and invigilation clearance. During the examination, all candidates take the examination in the standardized examination room and under the whole video surveillance; After the exam, the video of the examination room will also be played back and reviewed. Candidates should consciously abide by the requirements of the rules of the examination room, obey the management of the examiners, refuse to carry illegal and prohibited items such as mobile phones, and abide by the examination discipline. Losing an exam is not important, but losing your life is not worth the loss.

Fourth, spending money to walk is not credible, and there is no "pie" with "trap"

[Case] Parents in a province received a short message from an unknown number, and then they received a message from their "daughter" who lived in the school, saying that they wanted to sign up for a training course offered by a well-known university. Parents are eager to love their daughters and have established contact with a "teacher Zhang" who is in charge of training matters. "Teacher Zhang" said that paying 300,000 yuan can "walk" to this prestigious school. Later, the "daughter" and "teacher Zhang" attacked each other and urged the payment for various reasons, defrauding a total of 180,000 yuan.

[Reminder] There is a strict workflow for college admissions. There is no such thing as "internal enrollment" and "paying for admission" in the process of college entrance examination. Candidates and parents should be highly alert to such deception under the guise of "spending money to buy university places" and "special channel admission". It is necessary to understand and confirm the examination enrollment policies and information from formal channels. False propaganda for some bad training institutions and criminals. Candidates and parents should not be credulous and deluded, so that they are deceived, causing property losses and delaying valuable review time.

Fifth, the college entrance examination volunteers have been tampered with, and information disclosure needs to be vigilant.

[Case] A candidate in a province illegally tampered with the college entrance examination volunteer by using his classmate’s admission ticket number because of his bad relationship with his classmates, which caused his classmates to be affected. The public security organ imposed a five-day administrative detention on the candidate, and the Provincial Admissions Office decided to let the victim re-fill in his volunteers to maintain the fairness and justice of the college entrance examination.

[Reminder] The college entrance examination is an important exam for candidates’ lives, and it is very important to protect the security of personal information. Candidates should carefully keep important information such as personal admission ticket number and login password, always be vigilant, avoid personal information from being leaked to others, and prevent criminals from illegally using information and infringing on personal rights and interests.

Sixth, "Zhankeng Post" is a gimmick, and the "prank" involved in the test cannot be touched.

[Case] After the math subject examination of the college entrance examination in 2023, some counseling institutions and some netizens released some pictures of the test papers, claiming to be "the test questions before the exam" and being suspected of leaking the test questions. After investigation by the public security organs, it was found that it was a malicious editor who "occupied the post". Before the exam, it posted irrelevant posts on the relevant platforms, and then replaced the original content with the content of the test paper after the exam. The post time was still displayed before the exam, which caused the illusion that it was suspected that the questions were leaked before the exam.

[Reminder] Lawyers and experts remind that if candidates maliciously publish such information, they will be suspected of breaking the law in addition to violating the examination discipline, and if the circumstances are serious, it will constitute a crime. If a training institution or other personnel, for the purpose of illegal possession, fictitiously obtains the information of test questions or "real questions" before the exam by publishing "posts occupying pits" to defraud a large amount of public and private property, it is suspected of fraud. Candidates should not "fool" themselves in order to entertain others.

Source/inner mongolia admissions exam

Editor/Jay Song Zhang Xiaomin

Audit/Wang Yuanfei

Final review/Ho Lee Chang Xiujuan

News hotline/0474-7215507

Submission email/xhrmt2019@126.com

Disclaimer: Original manuscript of Xinghe County Rong Media

Please indicate that it is from the official WeChat of Vitality Xinghe.

Selected previous issues

Xinghe News || On Wednesday, May 29th, 2024, see more Li Kai-dong hosted a work dispatch meeting in the field of people’s livelihood. See more about the establishment of the administrative service and data management bureau of Xinghe County. See more about the awareness of the Chinese nation community | Saiwusu Town and Erdong Town carry out "Ethnic Policy Publicity Month" in various forms. See more about a set of "Beautiful China Summer Scenery" broadcast by CCTV. See more about the beauty of Sumu Mountain in Xinghe County, Wulanchabu.

Original title: "The Ministry of Education released the early warning information of the 2024 college entrance examination! 》

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　　Recently, the documentary "Life on Earth" caused quite a shock, not only popular social networks, but also scored 9.7 on Douban after the last episode was broadcast the night before, which was described as "going against the sky". Curiously, why is such a documentary that will cause discomfort in perception popular? Can it promote the communication and understanding of the doctor-patient relationship? Some voices pointed out that at the moment when reality shows and fantasy dramas dominate the screen, it can be described as a clean stream, and the truth it shows can touch people’s hearts most.

　　Do not play cards according to common sense and present death intuitively

　　In the first episode, "Human Life" directly presented a failed medical case, which made people face death directly. In the film, Zhao Qiang, director of cardiac surgery department of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, received Wang Bin, a 27-year-old patient with Marfan syndrome. This congenital disease is synonymous with "death" in the medical field. The patient’s aorta will tear at any time and he will die of massive bleeding. If you want to save him, you must replace all the aorta of the patient with artificial blood vessels, which is equivalent to "half a person has to cut it open." But he accepted the operation, but finally the next day after the operation, patient Wang Bin didn’t survive because of acute renal failure.

　　The second episode "Understanding" tells the story of the 120 ambulance, which reflects various reasons for delaying the ambulance in reality.

　　The ninth episode "Love" is the one that makes the audience cry the most. In the program, Zhang Lijun, 26, was married to her husband for less than a year, and was pregnant for five months, but was diagnosed with terminal cancer. At this point, the patient needs to make a decision, whether to be born or not? Finally, the patient chose to have a caesarean section when she was 7 months pregnant. The premature baby weighed just over 2 kg, but it showed great vitality. With the progress of treatment, her hair fell off and she could not see one eye. While eating the reunion dinner, the family’s mixed smiles and tears were impressive. For this reason, countless people are moved by the spiritual willpower of the parties, the great maternal love and the feelings of ordinary people.

　　The audience felt: objective and positive is the best place.

　　For these true stories, many viewers said that they "cried and watched the program", and many characters were memorable: "There are strong mothers who have been afraid to cry all the time, and finally burst into tears when signing and dying, and there are those who dare not write down ‘ Give up treatment ’ The shaking hands, the patient who smiled pale at the camera one second and then lay down in the hospital bed with no breath, the paramedic who slept day and night, the patient who just got a liver transplant and regained life, and the family members who were finally rescued with joy, whether it was silent tears or heartbreaking wailing, are all touching forces. This documentary truly tells us that there are many joys and sorrows in the world.

　　Another audience thinks that the program reminds people to cherish the present, "How precious and fragile is life? Faced with the dilemma of choosing whether to do or not to do surgery, the pain of pious prayer but not returning to life is hidden in the film. Please realize the preciousness of life and cherish the people around you. "

　　"Life on Earth" also broke the traditional plot routine of "rejuvenation with wonderful hands" in the past, and truly described the doctor’s inner pain and life struggle. Some netizens commented: "I have seen too much ‘ Perfect ’ Medical publicity, such an angle is even more touching. " Some people feel the same way: "Sometimes healing, often helping, always comforting, very objective and positive, this is the original appearance of medical care."

　　The crew responded to the question:

　　"There is no element of directing in advance."

　　It is reported that the filming time of "Human Life" is close to two years, and it goes deep into the front line of medical treatment and operating table, intuitively showing the various situations that doctors have in the race against death. Some doctors are helpless and frustrated when they face failure, some patients say goodbye when they face the end of their lives, and some families are anxious to wait when they face the unknown. When shooting, the photographer "put on" all the equipment, even if the patient’s blood splashed on his face, he was unmoved, which is evident in the hardships.

　　Despite this, in addition to word of mouth, there are also different opinions. Some people questioned that "shooting affects treatment": "It is hard to say whether shooting will interfere with the operation, and whether patients and their families will face the camera in a critical moment will aggravate their tension, which deserves further consideration."

　　Others think that the documentary has the problem of emotional imbalance: "It reflects the doctor’s hard work, the harsh working environment and the mind of saving lives, trying to call for respect for doctors, but the doctor-patient relationship can not be solved simply by understanding doctors, which is a bit superficial and lacks reflection."

　　The general director of "Human World" responded that "recording honestly and expressing sincerely" is the principle of the creative team. No matter whether the film is perfect or not, it must be the result of real recording, and there is no element of prior director and arrangement. Talking about the original intention of shooting, he said: "We hope to take the hospital as the origin, and show a real human world by observing the hospital, a specimen of social contradictions, with both the brilliance of human nature and the helplessness of life."

　　How to shoot a medical documentary?

　　Touching people’s hearts is the key.

　　For a long time, due to the patient’s privacy, medical ethics, the audience’s discomfort with the picture, and the unique contradiction between doctors and patients in China, the number of medical documentary programs is small and the specific operation is very difficult, but there are also some relatively successful works.

　　"Destiny of Life" broadcast by Beijing Satellite TV is a pioneer of this kind of program in China: it extends its tentacles to emergency rooms, rescue rooms and operating rooms, including both monitoring cameras and suction-type cameras installed in ambulances, rescue rooms, labor rooms and other places, from which the audience will touch the state of doctors and patients in the moment of life and death.

　　The "Emergency Room Story", which had gained high reputation before, also aimed the camera at the medical scene, and its ratings were also very bright. Many people also said that it was a "work of conscience". It was shot in the Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, aiming at the joys and sorrows of the emergency room, but using a fixed camera instead of a mobile camera. Doctors and patients often don’t realize that they are being filmed, so as to minimize the interruption of diagnosis and treatment. After doctors get used to it, it is difficult to hide their true emotions and daily habits, which leads to the documentary being more realistic and less deductive.

　　Entertainment theory

　　Accept the cruelty of life and the shock of human heart.

　　Throughout our past medical film and television dramas, some of them did not truly reflect the work and life of medical staff, but dealt with them with dramatic effects, such as doctors singing and flirting in the operating room; Tell jokes to nurses while pushing patients in the emergency room; Chatting in the ward office in overalls and eating at will; There are even many loopholes in professional issues such as how to hold a scalpel. These things are not allowed in any hospital in reality.

　　When the real situation of the hospital is covered by gag, many people are influenced by this kind of industry drama, which is likely to aggravate the misunderstanding of doctors and medical care.

　　Seeing this, if the writers and directors in medical drama can take more snacks, carry out more field work before writing, and ask more experts during the process of writing, there will not be so many jokes in the play, and it will not help or even be detrimental to the improvement of the doctor-patient relationship.

　　In this regard, it is self-evident that medical documentaries that do not shy away from the conflict between doctors and patients and adopt a real style, and it is expected that they will be supported by the audience. Of course, we can’t expect a documentary to improve the contradiction between doctors and patients much, but it at least makes us realize that in many cases, the fuse that intensifies the contradiction between doctors and patients is often not the doctor’s dereliction of duty or reckless behavior, or the poor quality of the people and the unreasonable troubles of their families, but that many people can’t accept the variables and risks in medicine, and anyone’s mood will be amplified in the face of human life. In this sense, the broadcast of this documentary enables us to "enhance our understanding through understanding". Although doctors are regarded as angels in white, they are human beings, not gods, and may run slower than "death".

　　As described in the film, the patient died, but the family members were still grateful to the doctor, saying that "life must go on and we will do everything as usual". Therefore, we also need to accept the cruelty of life replacement and the shock that people’s hearts bring to everyone when facing death.

　　"Building a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other is a major decision made according to the changes in China’s development stage, environment and conditions, especially based on the changes in China’s comparative advantages."

　　In the important speech recently published by Qiushi magazine, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, "Implementing the new development concept in the new development stage will inevitably require the construction of a new development pattern", General Secretary of the Supreme Leader comprehensively analyzed and explained the construction of a new development pattern, and asked the whole party to accurately grasp the strategic concept of accelerating the construction of a new development pattern from a global and strategic perspective. The general secretary pointed out that building a new development pattern is "a first move to grasp the initiative of development, not a forced move or an expedient measure", "an open domestic and international double cycle, not a closed domestic single cycle" and "a domestic large cycle based on a unified national market as the main body, not a small self-cycle everywhere". The general secretary stressed that building a new development pattern "is a systematic and deep-seated change that concerns the overall situation, and a strategic plan based on the present and with a long-term perspective". Fundamentally speaking, "it is an inevitable choice to adapt to the requirements of China’s new stage of development and shape new advantages in international cooperation and competition".

　　Building a new development pattern is a systematic project. It is necessary to "focus on the top", strengthen strategic planning and top-level design, and "divide it into details" to grasp the focus of work.

　　"Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system".This is an important foundation for unblocking the national economic cycle and strengthening the main position of the domestic big cycle. Market resources are China’s great advantage, and we must constantly consolidate and strengthen this advantage to provide strong support for building a new development pattern. It is necessary to promote deep-seated reform and strengthen policy guidance, and strive to get through the key blocking points that restrict the economic cycle; Taking meeting domestic demand as the basic foothold, we will form a higher level dynamic balance of demand pulling supply and supply creating demand; Strengthen the construction of modern circulation system and lay a solid foundation for domestic and international double circulation.

　　"Accelerate the self-reliance and self-improvement of science and technology".This is the key to ensure the smooth domestic circulation and shape China’s new advantages in the international circulation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that the most essential feature of building a new development pattern is to achieve a high level of self-reliance and self-improvement. We should understand this issue from the perspective of survival and development, comprehensively strengthen the deployment of scientific and technological innovation, and give full play to the supporting role of science and technology. It is necessary to lay a solid foundation for key core technologies and accelerate the capture of "stuck neck" technologies in important fields; Fully stimulate the innovation vitality of talents, create more world-class leading scientific and technological talents and innovative teams, and cultivate a reserve army of young scientific and technological talents with international competitiveness.

　　"Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial chain supply chain".This is an urgent need to stabilize the main position of the domestic big cycle and enhance the driving ability in the international big cycle. Manufacturing is the lifeblood of China’s economy, the foundation of the country and the foundation of a strong country. This time, China’s complete manufacturing system has played a vital supporting role in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, which once again proves the significance of manufacturing to the development and security of the country, especially big countries. We should attach more importance to enhancing the toughness and competitiveness of the industrial chain, and strive to build an independent, controllable, safe and efficient industrial chain supply chain; Take effective measures to improve the embeddedness of enterprises and promote the orderly transfer of industries in China.

　　"Promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas".Urban-rural economic cycle is an important aspect of domestic macro-cycle, and it is also a key factor to ensure the healthy relationship between domestic and international two cycles. If the nation is to be revived, the countryside will be revitalized. Realizing the modernization of agriculture and rural areas is an important task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and an inevitable requirement to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance. We must persist in taking solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party’s work and fully implement the rural revitalization strategy; Realize the effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and promote economic and social development and improvement of people’s lives; Persist in promoting the structural reform of agricultural supply side, and strengthen the construction of grain production functional areas, important agricultural product production protection areas and characteristic agricultural product advantage areas; Ensure that the grain is basically self-sufficient and the rations are absolutely safe, and ensure that Chinese’s rice bowl is firmly in his own hands.

　　"Improve people’s quality of life".This is the starting point and the end result of the smooth domestic circulation, and it is also the key connection point for the mutual promotion of domestic and international double circulation. Everything our party has done is to make people’s lives happier and more dignified. It is the fundamental purpose of socialist production to adapt to the changes in people’s needs, strive to run various livelihood undertakings well, and make people’s lives better and better. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of distribution according to work and the coexistence of various modes of distribution, effectively protect the treatment and rights of workers, and continuously expand middle-income groups; Adhere to the problem orientation, do our best and do what we can, solidly promote common prosperity, and constantly enhance the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

　　"firmly hold the bottom line of safe development."This is an important prerequisite and guarantee for building a new development pattern, and it is also the proper meaning in the problem of unblocking the domestic big cycle. Security is the premise of development, and development is the guarantee of security. We must adhere to the overall concept of national security, adhere to the supremacy of national interests, take people’s security as the purpose, take political security as the foundation, and strengthen the national security system and capacity building; Grasp the relationship between openness and security, weave an open safety net tightly, and enhance the ability to dynamically safeguard national security in the opening environment; Put the protection of people’s lives and safety in the first place, comprehensively improve the ability of public security, and promote people’s living and working in peace and contentment, social stability and order, and long-term national stability.

　　(Editor: Yin Xia, Chen Yilin)

????catalogue
????Chapter I General Provisions
????Chapter II Insurance Contracts
????????Section 1 General Provisions

????????Section 2 Personal Insurance Contract

????????Section 3 Property Insurance Contract

????Chapter III Insurance Companies
????Chapter IV Insurance Operating Rules
????Chapter V Insurance Agents and Insurance Brokers

????Chapter VI Supervision and Administration of Insurance Industry
????Chapter VII Legal Liability
????Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
????Chapter I General Provisions
????Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of regulating insurance activities, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties involved in insurance activities, strengthening the supervision and management of the insurance industry, maintaining social and economic order and social public interests, and promoting the healthy development of the insurance industry.

????Article 2 The term "insurance" as mentioned in this Law refers to the commercial insurance behavior in which the applicant pays the insurance premium to the insurer according to the contract, and the insurer is liable for compensation for the property losses caused by the possible accidents agreed in the contract, or when the insured dies, suffers from disability, illness or reaches the age and time limit agreed in the contract.

????Article 3 This Law shall apply to insurance activities within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC).
????Article 4 Insurance activities must abide by laws and administrative regulations, respect social morality, and may not harm public interests.

????Article 5 The parties to insurance activities shall follow the principle of good faith in exercising their rights and performing their obligations.

????Article 6 Insurance business is operated by insurance companies established in accordance with this Law and other insurance organizations stipulated by laws and administrative regulations. No other unit or individual may engage in insurance business.

????Article 7 Where legal persons and other organizations in People’s Republic of China (PRC) need to apply for domestic insurance, they shall apply for insurance with insurance companies in People’s Republic of China (PRC).

????Article 8 The insurance industry, the banking industry, the securities industry and the trust industry shall operate and manage separately, and insurance companies shall be established separately from banks, securities and trust institutions. Unless otherwise stipulated by the state.

????Article 9 the State Council insurance supervision and administration institutions shall supervise and administer the insurance industry according to law.

????The State Council insurance supervision and management institutions shall set up dispatched offices according to the needs of performing their duties. The dispatched offices shall perform their duties of supervision and administration in accordance with the authorization of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.

????Chapter II Insurance Contracts

????Section 1 General Provisions
????Article 10 An insurance contract is an agreement between the applicant and the insurer to stipulate the insurance rights and obligations.

????The applicant refers to the person who has entered into an insurance contract with the insurer and has the obligation to pay the insurance premium according to the contract.
????An insurer refers to an insurance company that has entered into an insurance contract with the applicant and is liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits in accordance with the contract.

????Article 11 When concluding an insurance contract, consensus should be reached through consultation, and the rights and obligations of all parties should be determined according to the principle of fairness.

????Unless insurance is required by laws and administrative regulations, an insurance contract is concluded voluntarily.
????Article 12 The applicant of life insurance shall have an insurable interest in the insured when concluding an insurance contract.

????The insured of property insurance shall have an insurable interest in the subject matter insured when an insured accident occurs.
????Personal insurance is an insurance that takes the life and body of a person as the subject matter of insurance.
????Property insurance is insurance with property and its related interests as the subject matter.
????The insured refers to the person whose property or person is protected by the insurance contract and enjoys the right to claim insurance money. The applicant can be the insured.

????Insurable interest refers to the legally recognized interest of the applicant or the insured in the subject matter of insurance.
????Article 13 An insurance contract is formed when the applicant requests insurance and the insurer agrees to underwrite it. The insurer shall issue an insurance policy or other insurance certificate to the applicant in time.

????An insurance policy or other insurance certificate shall specify the contents of the contract agreed by both parties. The parties may also agree to specify the contents of the contract in other written forms.

????An insurance contract established according to law shall take effect upon its establishment. The applicant and the insurer may attach conditions or time limits to the validity of the contract.

????Article 14 After an insurance contract is concluded, the applicant pays the insurance premium as agreed, and the insurer begins to assume the insurance liability at the agreed time.

????Article 15 Unless otherwise stipulated in this Law or in the insurance contract, after the insurance contract is established, the applicant may terminate the contract, and the insurer may not terminate the contract.

????Article 16 When an insurance contract is concluded, if the insurer makes an inquiry about the subject matter insured or the insured, the applicant shall truthfully inform it.

????If the applicant fails to fulfill the obligation of truthful disclosure stipulated in the preceding paragraph intentionally or due to gross negligence, which is enough to affect the insurer’s decision on whether to agree to underwrite or increase the insurance premium rate, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract.

????The right to terminate the contract stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be extinguished if it is not exercised for more than 30 days from the date when the insurer becomes aware of the reasons for termination. If more than two years have passed since the establishment of the contract, the insurer shall not terminate the contract; In the event of an insured accident, the insurer shall be liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits.

????If the applicant intentionally fails to perform the obligation of telling the truth, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation or payment of insurance premium for the insured accident that occurred before the termination of the contract, and shall not refund the insurance premium.

????If the insured fails to fulfill the obligation of telling the truth due to gross negligence, which has a serious impact on the occurrence of the insured accident, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits for the insured accident that occurred before the termination of the contract, but shall refund the insurance premium.

????The insurer may not terminate the contract if it has been known at the time of conclusion of the contract that the applicant has not truthfully informed it; In the event of an insured accident, the insurer shall be liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits.

????An insured accident refers to an accident within the scope of insurance liability stipulated in the insurance contract.
????Article 17 Where an insurance contract is concluded with standard clauses provided by the insurer, the application form provided by the insurer to the applicant shall be accompanied by standard clauses, and the insurer shall explain the contents of the contract to the applicant.

????With regard to the clauses in the insurance contract exempting the insurer from liability, the insurer shall, when concluding the contract, make a prompt on the application form, insurance policy or other insurance documents that can attract the attention of the insured, and make a clear explanation to the insured in written or oral form; If it is not prompted or clearly stated, this clause will not be effective.

????Article 18 An insurance contract shall include the following items:
????(1) The name and domicile of the insurer;
????(2) The names and domiciles of the applicant and the insured, and the names and domiciles of the beneficiaries of life insurance;

????(3) the subject matter insured;
????(4) Insurance liability and exemption from liability;
????(5) The insurance period and the start time of insurance liability;
????(6) the insured amount;
????(seven) insurance premiums and payment methods;
????(8) Measures for compensation or payment of insurance money;
????(9) Liability for breach of contract and dispute settlement;
????(10) The year, month and day when the contract was concluded.
????The applicant and the insurer may agree on other matters related to insurance.
????Beneficiary refers to the person who has the right to claim for insurance money designated by the insured or the applicant in the life insurance contract. The applicant and the insured may be the beneficiaries.

????The insured amount refers to the maximum amount of the insurer’s liability for compensation or payment of insurance benefits.
????Article 19 The following clauses in an insurance contract concluded with standard clauses provided by the insurer are invalid:

????(1) Exempting the insurer from its obligations according to law or increasing the liability of the applicant and the insured;
????(2) excluding the rights enjoyed by the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary according to law.
????Article 20 The applicant and the insurer may change the contents of the contract through consultation.
????Where an insurance contract is changed, the insurer shall annotate or attach an endorsement to the insurance policy or other insurance documents, or the applicant and the insurer shall conclude a written agreement on the change.

????Article 21 The applicant, the insured or the beneficiary shall notify the insurer in time after knowing the occurrence of the insured accident. If the nature, cause and loss degree of the insured accident are difficult to determine due to intentional or gross negligence, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits for the uncertain part, except that the insurer has known or should have known the occurrence of the insured accident in time through other means.

????Article 22 After the occurrence of an insured accident, when requesting the insurer to compensate or pay the insurance money according to the insurance contract, the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary shall provide the insurer with the certificates and materials that they can provide to confirm the nature, cause and loss degree of the insured accident.

????In accordance with the contract, if the insurer thinks that the relevant certificates and materials are incomplete, it shall promptly notify the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary to supplement them.

????Article 23 An insurer shall, after receiving a request for compensation or payment of insurance benefits from the insured or beneficiary, make a timely verification; If the situation is complicated, it shall be approved within 30 days, unless otherwise agreed in the contract. The insurer shall notify the insured or beneficiary of the verification result; For those who are insured, they shall perform the obligation of compensation or payment of insurance benefits within ten days after reaching an agreement with the insured or beneficiary. If the insurance contract stipulates the time limit for compensation or payment of insurance benefits, the insurer shall perform the obligation of compensation or payment of insurance benefits in accordance with the agreement.

????If the insurer fails to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the preceding paragraph in time, it shall compensate the insured or beneficiary for the losses incurred therefrom in addition to paying the insurance money.

????No unit or individual may illegally interfere with the insurer’s obligation to pay compensation or insurance benefits, nor may it restrict the right of the insured or beneficiary to obtain insurance benefits.

????Article 24 After the insurer has made the verification in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of this Law, it shall, within three days from the date of making the verification, issue a notice of refusal to pay compensation or insurance benefits to the insured or beneficiary, and explain the reasons.

????Article 25 If the insurer cannot determine the amount of compensation or payment of insurance benefits within 60 days from the date of receiving the request for compensation or payment of insurance benefits and relevant certificates and materials, it shall pay in advance the amount that can be determined according to the existing certificates and materials; After the insurer finally determines the amount of compensation or insurance payment, it shall pay the corresponding difference.

????Article 26 The limitation of action for the insured or beneficiary of insurance other than life insurance to claim compensation or pay insurance money from the insurer is two years, counting from the day when he knows or should know the occurrence of the insured accident.

????The limitation of action for the insured or beneficiary of life insurance to ask the insurer to pay the insurance money is five years, counting from the day when he knows or should know that the insurance accident happened.

????Article 27 If there is no insured accident, and the insured or beneficiary falsely claims that there is an insured accident, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract without returning the insurance premium.

????If the applicant or the insured intentionally creates an insured accident, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract and is not liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits; Except as provided in Article 43 of this Law, the insurance premium will not be refunded.

????After the occurrence of an insured accident, if the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary fabricates a false cause of the accident or exaggerates the degree of loss with forged or altered relevant certificates, materials or other evidence, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation or payment of insurance benefits for the falsely reported part.

????If the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary commits one of the acts specified in the preceding three paragraphs, causing the insurer to pay the insurance premium or expenses, it shall return or compensate.

????Article 28 Reinsurance is when an insurer partially transfers its insurance business to other insurers in the form of reinsurance.

????At the request of the reinsurer, the reinsurer shall inform the reinsurer in writing of its own responsibility and the relevant information of the original insurance.

????Article 29 The reinsurer shall not ask the applicant of the original insurance to pay the insurance premium.

????The insured or beneficiary of the original insurance shall not make a claim for compensation or payment of insurance money to the reinsurance acceptor.
????The cedant of reinsurance shall not refuse to perform or delay the performance of its original insurance liability on the grounds that the reinsurer fails to perform the reinsurance liability.

????Article 30 In case of any dispute between the insurer and the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary over the terms of an insurance contract concluded with standard terms provided by the insurer, it shall be interpreted according to the usual understanding. If there are more than two interpretations of the terms of the contract, the people’s court or arbitration institution shall make an interpretation in favor of the insured and the beneficiary.

????Section 2 Personal Insurance Contract
????Article 31 An applicant has an insurable interest in the following persons:
????(1) I;
????(2) Spouses, children and parents;
????(3) Other family members and close relatives who have the relationship of support or maintenance with the applicant other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraph;
????(4) Laborers who have labor relations with the insured.
????Except as provided in the preceding paragraph, if the insured agrees that the applicant will conclude a contract for him, it shall be deemed that the applicant has an insurable interest in the insured.

????When concluding a contract, if the applicant has no insurable interest in the insured, the contract is invalid.
????Article 32 If the age of the insured declared by the applicant is not true, and its true age does not meet the age limit stipulated in the contract, the insurer may terminate the contract and return the cash value of the insurance policy according to the contract. The provisions of paragraphs 3 and 6 of Article 16 of this Law shall apply to the insurer’s exercise of the right to terminate the contract.

????If the age of the insured declared by the applicant is not true, resulting in the insurance premium paid by the applicant being less than the insurance premium payable, the insurer has the right to correct and require the applicant to pay the insurance premium, or pay the insurance premium according to the proportion of the actually paid insurance premium to the insurance premium payable.

????If the age of the insured declared by the applicant is untrue, resulting in the insured paying more insurance premiums than the insurance premiums payable, the insurer shall return the overcharged insurance premiums to the applicant.

????Article 33 An applicant shall not insure a person with no capacity for civil conduct with death as the condition for payment of insurance benefits, nor shall an insurer underwrite it.

The personal insurance that parents take out for their minor children shall not be restricted by the provisions of the preceding paragraph. However, the sum of the insurance benefits paid due to the death of the insured shall not exceed the limit set by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.

????Article 34 A contract in which death is the condition for payment of insurance benefits is invalid without the consent and approval of the insured.

An insurance policy issued under a contract with death as the condition for payment of insurance benefits may not be transferred or pledged without the written consent of the insured.
The personal insurance that parents take out for their minor children shall not be restricted by the provisions of the first paragraph of this article.
????Article 35 The applicant may pay the insurance premium to the insurer in one lump sum or in installments as agreed in the contract.

????Article 36 The contract stipulates that the insurance premium shall be paid in installments. After the applicant pays the initial premium, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract, if the applicant fails to pay the current premium for more than 30 days from the date of the insurer’s demand, or fails to pay the current premium for 60 days beyond the agreed time limit, the contract shall be terminated, or the insurer shall reduce the insurance amount according to the conditions stipulated in the contract.

????If the insured has an insured accident within the time limit specified in the preceding paragraph, the insurer shall pay the insurance premium in accordance with the contract, but may deduct the unpaid insurance premium.

????Article 37 If the validity of a contract is suspended in accordance with the provisions of Article 36 of this Law, the validity of the contract shall be restored after the insurer and the applicant reach an agreement through consultation and after the applicant pays the insurance premium. However, if both parties fail to reach an agreement within two years from the date of termination of the contract, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract.

If the insurer terminates the contract in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it shall return the cash value of the insurance policy in accordance with the contract.
????Article 38 An insurer may not demand the applicant to pay the premium of life insurance by litigation.

????Article 39 The beneficiary of personal insurance shall be designated by the insured or the applicant.

????The applicant must obtain the consent of the insured when designating the beneficiary. The applicant shall insure the life insurance for the workers who have labor relations with him, and shall not designate any person other than the insured and his close relatives as the beneficiary.

????If the insured is a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct, the beneficiary may be designated by his guardian.

????Article 40 The insured or the applicant may designate one or more persons as beneficiaries.

If there are several beneficiaries, the insured or the applicant may determine the order and share of benefits; If the share of benefit is not determined, the beneficiary shall enjoy the right to benefit according to the equal share.
????Article 41 The insured or the applicant may change the beneficiary and notify the insurer in writing. After receiving the written notice of changing the beneficiary, the insurer shall annotate or attach the approval form to the insurance policy or other insurance documents.

????The applicant must obtain the consent of the insured when changing the beneficiary.
????Forty-second after the death of the insured, under any of the following circumstances, the insurance money shall be regarded as the insured’s inheritance, and the insurer shall perform the obligation to pay the insurance money in accordance with the provisions of the Inheritance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC):

????(1) The beneficiary has not been designated, or the designation of the beneficiary is unknown and cannot be determined;
????(2) The beneficiary dies before the insured, and there are no other beneficiaries;
????(3) The beneficiary loses or waives the right to benefit according to law, and there are no other beneficiaries.
????If the beneficiary and the insured die in the same event, and the order of death cannot be determined, it is presumed that the beneficiary died first.

????Article 43 If the applicant intentionally causes the death, disability or illness of the insured, the insurer shall not be liable for paying the insurance money. If the applicant has paid the insurance premium for more than two years, the insurer shall return the cash value of the insurance policy to other obligees in accordance with the contract.

????If the beneficiary intentionally causes the death, disability or illness of the insured, or intentionally kills the insured, the beneficiary loses the right to benefit.

????Article 44 In a contract in which the death of the insured is the condition for payment of insurance benefits, if the insured commits suicide within two years from the date of the establishment of the contract or the resumption of the effectiveness of the contract, the insurer shall not be liable for payment of insurance benefits, unless the insured committed suicide as a person without civil capacity.

????If the insurer is not liable for the payment of insurance benefits in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it shall return the cash value of the insurance policy in accordance with the contract.

????Article 45 If the insured intentionally commits a crime or resists criminal compulsory measures taken according to law, resulting in his disability or death, the insurer shall not be liable for paying the insurance money. If the applicant has paid the insurance premium for more than two years, the insurer shall return the cash value of the insurance policy in accordance with the contract.

????Article 46 If the insured suffers death, disability or illness due to the act of a third party, the insurer shall not have the right to claim compensation from the third party after paying the insurance money to the insured or beneficiary, but the insured or beneficiary shall still have the right to claim compensation from the third party.

????Article 47 If the applicant cancels the contract, the insurer shall return the cash value of the insurance policy according to the contract within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice of cancellation.

????Section 3 Property Insurance Contract
????Article 48 When an insured accident occurs, if the insured has no insurable interest in the subject matter insured, he may not claim compensation from the insurer.

????Article 49 Where the subject matter insured is transferred, the transferee of the subject matter insured shall inherit the rights and obligations of the insured.

????Where the subject matter insured is transferred, the insured or the transferee shall notify the insurer in time, except for the cargo transportation insurance contract and the contract otherwise agreed.

????If the risk degree is significantly increased due to the transfer of the subject matter insured, the insurer may increase the insurance premium or terminate the contract in accordance with the contract within 30 days from the date of receiving the notice specified in the preceding paragraph. When the insurer terminates the contract, it shall refund the premium it has collected to the insured after deducting the part receivable from the date of commencement of insurance liability to the date of termination of the contract.

????If the insured or the transferee fails to fulfill the notification obligation stipulated in the second paragraph of this article, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation for the insurance accident that occurs due to the significant increase in the risk of the subject matter insured due to the transfer.

????Article 50 The parties to a cargo transportation insurance contract and a means of transport voyage insurance contract may not terminate the contract after the insurance liability begins.

????Article 51 The insured shall abide by the relevant state regulations on fire control, safety, production operation and labor protection, and safeguard the safety of the subject matter insured.

????The insurer may inspect the safety status of the subject matter insured in accordance with the contract, and put forward written suggestions to the applicant and the insured to eliminate unsafe factors and hidden dangers in time.

????If the applicant and the insured fail to fulfill their due responsibilities for the safety of the subject matter insured in accordance with the agreement, the insurer has the right to request an increase in the insurance premium or terminate the contract.

In order to maintain the safety of the subject matter insured, the insurer may, with the consent of the insured, take safety precautions.
????Article 52 If the risk of the subject matter insured increases significantly within the validity period of the contract, the insured shall promptly notify the insurer as agreed in the contract, and the insurer may increase the insurance premium or terminate the contract as agreed in the contract. When the insurer terminates the contract, it shall refund the premium it has collected to the insured after deducting the part receivable from the date of commencement of insurance liability to the date of termination of the contract.

????If the insured fails to fulfill the notification obligation stipulated in the preceding paragraph, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation for the insurance accident caused by the significant increase in the risk of the subject matter insured.

????Article 53 Under any of the following circumstances, unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the insurer shall reduce the insurance premium and refund the corresponding insurance premium on a daily basis:

????(1) The relevant circumstances on which the insurance premium rate is determined have changed, and the degree of danger of the subject matter insured has obviously decreased;
????(2) The insured value of the subject matter insured is obviously reduced.
????Article 54 Before the commencement of insurance liability, if the applicant requests to terminate the contract, he shall pay the handling fee to the insurer in accordance with the contract, and the insurer shall refund the insurance premium. After the commencement of insurance liability, if the applicant requests to terminate the contract, the insurer shall refund the premium collected to the applicant after deducting the part receivable from the commencement of insurance liability to the termination of the contract in accordance with the contract.

????Article 55 If the insured and the insurer agree on the insured value of the subject matter insured and specify it in the contract, when the subject matter insured suffers losses, the agreed insured value shall be taken as the compensation calculation standard.

????If the insured and the insurer have not agreed on the insured value of the subject matter insured, when the subject matter insured suffers losses, the actual value of the subject matter insured at the time of the insured accident shall be taken as the compensation calculation standard.

????The insured amount shall not exceed the insured value. If it exceeds the insured value, the excess shall be invalid, and the insurer shall refund the corresponding insurance premium.

????If the insured amount is lower than the insured value, unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the insurer shall be liable for compensation in proportion to the insured amount and the insured value.

????Article 56 An applicant for double insurance shall notify all insurers of the relevant information about double insurance.

????The sum of the compensation insurance premiums paid by the insurers of double insurance shall not exceed the insured value. Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, each insurer shall be liable for compensation according to the proportion of the insured amount and the sum of the insured amount.

????The applicant for double insurance may request the insurers to return the insurance premium in proportion to the sum of the insured amount exceeding the insured value.

????Double insurance refers to the insurance in which the insured enters into insurance contracts with two or more insurers for the same subject matter, the same insurance interest and the same insurance accident, and the sum of the insured amount exceeds the insured value.

????Article 57 When an insured accident occurs, the insured shall try his best to take necessary measures to prevent or reduce losses.

????After the occurrence of an insured accident, the insurer shall bear the necessary and reasonable expenses paid by the insured to prevent or reduce the loss of the subject matter insured; The amount of expenses borne by the insurer shall be calculated separately from the amount of compensation for the loss of the subject matter insured, and the maximum amount shall not exceed the insured amount.

????Article 58 In case of partial loss of the subject matter insured, the applicant may terminate the contract within 30 days from the date of compensation by the insurer; Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the insurer may also terminate the contract, but it shall notify the applicant fifteen days in advance.

????If the contract is terminated, the insurer shall refund the insurance premium of the undamaged part of the subject matter insured to the applicant after deducting the part receivable from the date of commencement of insurance liability to the date of termination of the contract in accordance with the contract.

????Article 59 After the occurrence of an insured accident, if the insurer has paid all the insured amount, and the insured amount is equal to the insured value, all the rights of the damaged subject matter insured shall belong to the insurer; If the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall obtain part of the rights of the damaged insurance subject matter according to the ratio of the insured amount to the insured value.

????Article 60 If an insured accident is caused by damage to the subject matter insured by a third party, the insurer shall subrogate the insured’s right to claim compensation from the third party within the compensation amount from the date of compensation to the insured.

????If the insured has obtained damages from a third party after the occurrence of the insured accident specified in the preceding paragraph, the insurer may deduct the amount of compensation that the insured has obtained from the third party when compensating the insurance money.

????The insurer’s right to claim compensation by subrogation in accordance with the first paragraph of this article shall not affect the insured’s right to claim compensation from a third party for the part that has not been compensated.

????Article 61 If the insured waives the right to claim compensation from a third party after the occurrence of an insured accident and before the insurer pays the insurance money, the insurer shall not be liable for compensation.

????After the insurer compensates the insured for the insurance money, if the insured waives the right to claim compensation from the third party without the consent of the insurer, the act is invalid.

????If the insured intentionally or due to gross negligence prevents the insurer from exercising the right to claim compensation by subrogation, the insurer may deduct or demand the return of the corresponding insurance money.

????Article 62 The insurer shall not exercise the right of subrogation against the family members or their members of the insured, except that the family members or their members intentionally cause the insured accident as stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 60 of the Cost Law.

????Article 63 When the insurer exercises the right to claim compensation by subrogation to a third party, the insured shall provide the insurer with necessary documents and relevant information.

????Article 64 The insurer shall bear the necessary and reasonable expenses paid by the insurer and the insured to find out and determine the nature and cause of the insured accident and the degree of loss of the subject matter insured.

????Article 65 An insurer may, in accordance with the provisions of the law or the contract, directly compensate the third party for the damage caused by the insured of liability insurance.

????If the insured of liability insurance causes damage to a third party and the insured’s liability for compensation to the third party is determined, the insurer shall directly compensate the insurance money to the third party at the request of the insured. If the insured is slow to make a claim, the third party has the right to directly claim compensation from the insurer for the part that should be compensated.

????If the insured of liability insurance causes damage to a third party and the insured fails to compensate the third party, the insurer shall not compensate the insured for the insurance money.

????Liability insurance refers to insurance with the insured’s liability for compensation to a third party according to law as the insurance subject.
????Article 66 If the insured of liability insurance is brought to arbitration or litigation because of an insured accident that causes damage to a third party, the arbitration or litigation expenses and other necessary and reasonable expenses paid by the insured shall be borne by the insurer, unless otherwise agreed in the contract.

????Chapter III Insurance Companies
????Article 67 The establishment of an insurance company shall be approved by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.

????When examining the application for the establishment of an insurance company, the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council shall consider the development of the insurance industry and the need for fair competition.

????Article 68 The establishment of an insurance company shall meet the following conditions:
????(1) The major shareholder has sustained profitability and good reputation, has no record of major violations of laws and regulations in the last three years, and its net assets are not less than RMB 200 million;

????(2) Having articles of association that conform to the provisions of this Law and the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC);
????(3) Having a registered capital that meets the requirements of this Law;
????(4) Having directors, supervisors and senior managers with professional knowledge and business experience;
????(5) Having a sound organizational structure and management system;
????(6) Having a business place that meets the requirements and other facilities related to business operations;
????(seven) other conditions stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and the State Council insurance regulatory agency.
????Article 69 To establish an insurance company, the minimum registered capital shall be RMB 200 million.

????The State Council insurance regulatory agency may adjust the minimum registered capital of an insurance company according to its business scope and business scale, but it shall not be lower than the limit specified in the first paragraph of this article.

????The registered capital of an insurance company must be paid-in monetary capital.
????Article 70 To apply for the establishment of an insurance company, a written application shall be submitted to the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, and the following materials shall be submitted:

????(1) An application for establishment, which shall specify the name, registered capital and business scope of the insurance company to be established;

????(2) Feasibility study report;
????(3) the preparation plan;
????(4) the business license or other background information of the investor, and the financial and accounting report of the previous year audited by an accounting firm;

????(five) the list of the person in charge of the preparatory group and the proposed chairman and manager recognized by the investor, and the certificate of his own recognition;
????(6) Other materials as prescribed by the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council.
????Article 71 The the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority shall examine the application for the establishment of an insurance company, make a decision on approval or disapproval of the establishment within six months from the date of acceptance, and notify the applicant in writing. If it decides not to approve, it shall explain the reasons in writing.

????Article 72 The applicant shall complete the preparatory work within one year from the date of receiving the notice of approval for the preparatory work; Shall not engage in insurance business activities during the preparation period.

????Article 73 After the preparatory work is completed, if the applicant meets the conditions for establishment as stipulated in Article 68 of this Law, he may apply to the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council for starting business.

????The State Council insurance supervision and administration institution shall, within 60 days from the date of accepting the application for business opening, make a decision on whether to approve or disapprove the business opening. If the decision is approved, the insurance business license shall be issued; If it decides not to approve, it shall notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

????Article 74 The establishment of branches by an insurance company within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall be approved by the insurance supervision and regulation institution.

????The branch of an insurance company does not have legal person status, and its civil liability shall be borne by the insurance company.
????Article 75 When an insurance company applies for establishing a branch, it shall submit a written application to the insurance supervision and administration institution and submit the following materials:

????(1) An application for establishment;
????(two) the three-year business development plan and market analysis materials of the proposed institution;
????(3) Resumes and relevant certification materials of the proposed senior managers;
????(4) Other materials as prescribed by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.
????Article 76 The insurance supervision and administration institution shall examine the application of an insurance company to establish a branch, and make a decision of approval or disapproval within 60 days from the date of acceptance. If it decides to approve, it will issue a license for the branch to operate insurance business; If it decides not to approve, it shall notify the applicant in writing and explain the reasons.

????Article 77 An approved insurance company and its branches shall register with the administrative department for industry and commerce and obtain a business license with the insurance business license.

????Article 78 If an insurance company and its branches fail to register with the administrative department for industry and commerce within six months from the date of obtaining the insurance business license, their insurance business license shall be invalid.

????Article 79 The establishment of subsidiaries, branches and representative offices outside People’s Republic of China (PRC) by an insurance company shall be approved by the insurance regulatory authority of the State Council.

????Article 80 The establishment of a representative office in People’s Republic of China (PRC) by a foreign insurance institution shall be approved by the insurance regulatory authority of the State Council. Representative offices shall not engage in insurance business activities.

????Article 81 The directors, supervisors and senior managers of an insurance company shall be of good conduct, be familiar with insurance-related laws and administrative regulations, have the operational and management capabilities required to perform their duties, and obtain the post qualifications approved by the insurance regulatory agency before taking up their posts.

The scope of senior management personnel of insurance companies shall be stipulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.
????Article 82 A person who falls under the circumstances specified in Article 147 of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) or one of the following circumstances may not serve as a director, supervisor or senior manager of an insurance company:

????(1) The directors, supervisors and senior managers of financial institutions who have been disqualified by financial supervision and regulation institutions due to illegal or disciplinary acts have not been more than five years since their disqualification;

????(2) A lawyer, a certified public accountant or a professional of an asset appraisal institution, a verification institution, etc., whose practice qualification has been revoked due to illegal or disciplinary acts, and less than five years have passed since the day when his practice qualification was revoked.

????Article 83 If the directors, supervisors and senior managers of an insurance company violate laws, administrative regulations or the articles of association when performing their duties, thus causing losses to the company, they shall be liable for compensation.

????Article 84 An insurance company shall be approved by the insurance supervision and administration institution under any of the following circumstances:

????(a) change the name;
????(2) Change of registered capital;
????(3) Changing the business premises of the company or its branches;
????(4) Revocation of branches;
????(5) Division or merger of the company;
????(6) Amending the Articles of Association;
????(7) Changing shareholders whose capital contribution accounts for more than 5% of the total capital of a limited liability company, or changing shareholders who hold more than 5% of the shares of a joint stock limited company;

????(eight) other circumstances stipulated by the the State Council insurance regulatory agency.
????Article 85 An insurance company shall employ actuarial professionals recognized by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority and establish an actuarial reporting system.

????An insurance company shall employ professionals and establish a compliance reporting system.
????Article 86 An insurance company shall submit relevant reports, statements, documents and materials in accordance with the provisions of the insurance regulatory agency.

Insurance companies’ solvency reports, financial accounting reports, actuarial reports, compliance reports and other relevant reports, statements, documents and materials must truthfully record insurance business matters, and there shall be no false records, misleading statements or major omissions.

????Article 87 An insurance company shall properly keep complete account books, original vouchers and relevant materials of its business activities in accordance with the provisions of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.

????The storage period of the account books, original vouchers and relevant materials specified in the preceding paragraph shall be counted from the date of termination of the insurance contract, and the insurance period shall not be less than five years if it is less than one year, and not less than ten years if it is more than one year.

????Article 88 An insurance company shall report to the insurance supervision and administration institution when hiring or dismissing an intermediary service institution such as an accounting firm, an asset appraisal institution and a credit rating institution. Reasons shall be given for dismissing intermediary service institutions such as accounting firms, asset appraisal institutions and credit rating agencies.

????Article 89 An insurance company needs to be dissolved due to division or merger, or the shareholders’ meeting or the shareholders’ general meeting decides to dissolve, or the reasons for dissolution stipulated in the articles of association arise, and it shall be dissolved after being approved by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.

????An insurance company engaged in life insurance business shall not be dissolved unless it is separated, merged or revoked according to law.
????When an insurance company is dissolved, a liquidation group shall be established according to law for liquidation.
????Article 90 Where an insurance company falls under the circumstances stipulated in Article 2 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People’s Republic of China, with the consent of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, the insurance company or its creditors may apply to the people’s court for reorganization, reconciliation or bankruptcy liquidation according to law; The State Council insurance supervision and administration institution may also apply to the people’s court for reorganization or bankruptcy liquidation of the insurance company according to law.

????Article 91 Bankruptcy property shall be paid off in the following order after paying off bankruptcy expenses and common debts first:

????(1) Wages and medical, disability and pension expenses owed to employees, basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance expenses owed to employees’ personal accounts, and compensation that should be paid to employees according to laws and administrative regulations;

????(2) Compensation or payment of insurance benefits;
????(3) Social insurance fees and taxes owed by insurance companies other than those specified in Item (1);
????(4) Ordinary bankruptcy claims.
????If the bankruptcy property is insufficient to pay off the repayment requirements in the same order, it shall be distributed in proportion.
????The wages of directors, supervisors and senior managers of bankruptcy insurance companies shall be calculated according to the average wages of employees of the company.

????Article 92 If an insurance company engaged in life insurance business is revoked or declared bankrupt according to law, its life insurance contract and liability reserve must be transferred to other insurance companies engaged in life insurance business; If the transfer agreement cannot be reached with other insurance companies, the insurance company with life insurance business shall be designated by the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority to accept the transfer.

Where the life insurance contract and liability reserve specified in the preceding paragraph are transferred or accepted by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, the legitimate rights and interests of the insured and beneficiaries shall be safeguarded.
????Article 93 When an insurance company terminates its business activities according to law, it shall cancel its insurance business license.

????Article 94 Unless otherwise provided for in this Law, the provisions of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall apply to insurance companies.

????Chapter IV Insurance Operating Rules
????Article 95 The business scope of an insurance company:
????(a) personal insurance business, including life insurance, health insurance, accident insurance and other insurance business;
????(2) Property insurance business, including property loss insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance, guarantee insurance and other insurance businesses;

????(3) Other insurance-related businesses approved by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.
????An insurer may not concurrently engage in life insurance business and property insurance business. However, insurance companies engaged in property insurance business may engage in short-term health insurance business and accidental injury insurance business with the approval of the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.

????An insurance company shall engage in insurance business activities within the business scope approved by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority according to law.
????Article 96 With the approval of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, an insurance company may engage in the following reinsurance business of the insurance business specified in Article 95 of this Law:

????(1) ceding insurance;
????(2) Sub-insurance.
????Article 97 An insurance company shall withdraw a deposit of 20% of its total registered capital and deposit it in a bank designated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority. It shall not be used except for paying off debts during liquidation of the company.

????Article 98 An insurance company shall, in accordance with the principle of safeguarding the interests of the insured and ensuring solvency, draw various liability reserves.

The specific measures for the insurance company to withdraw and carry forward the liability reserve shall be formulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.
????Article 99 An insurance company shall withdraw its provident fund according to law.
????Article 100 An insurance company shall pay the insurance guarantee fund.
????The insurance protection fund shall be centrally managed and used as a whole under the following circumstances:
????(1) Providing relief to the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary when the insurance company is revoked or declared bankrupt;

????(2) When an insurance company is revoked or declared bankrupt, providing relief to the insurance company that accepts its life insurance contract according to law;

????(3) Other circumstances stipulated by the State Council.
????Specific measures for the collection, management and use of insurance protection funds shall be formulated by the State Council.
????Article 101 An insurance company shall have a minimum solvency commensurate with its business scale and risk degree. The difference between the authorized assets and the authorized liabilities of an insurance company shall not be less than the amount stipulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority; If the amount is lower than the specified amount, corresponding measures shall be taken to reach the specified amount according to the requirements of the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council.

????Article 102 The insurance premium retained by an insurance company engaged in property insurance business in the current year shall not exceed four times the sum of its actual capital plus provident fund.

????Article 103 The liability of an insurance company for each dangerous unit, that is, the maximum loss range that may be caused by an insurance accident, shall not exceed 10% of the sum of the actual capital plus the provident fund; The excess shall be reinsurance.

????The division of dangerous units by insurance companies shall conform to the provisions of the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority.
????Article 104 An insurance company’s method of classifying dangerous units and its catastrophe risk arrangement plan shall be reported to the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority for the record.

????Article 105 An insurance company shall handle reinsurance in accordance with the provisions of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, and carefully select reinsurance recipients.

????Article 106 An insurance company must use its funds steadily and follow the principle of safety.

????The use of funds by insurance companies is limited to the following forms:
????(1) Bank deposits;
????(2) buying and selling bonds, stocks, shares of securities investment funds and other securities;
????(3) investing in real estate;
????(four) other forms of capital use as prescribed by the State Council.
????Specific measures for the administration of the use of funds by insurance companies shall be formulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority in accordance with the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.

????Article 107 An insurance company may establish an insurance asset management company with the approval of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority in conjunction with the the State Council Securities Regulatory Authority.

????Insurance asset management companies engaged in securities investment activities shall abide by the provisions of the Securities Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and other laws and administrative regulations.

????Measures for the administration of insurance asset management companies shall be formulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council.

????Article 108 An insurance company shall, in accordance with the provisions of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, establish a system for the management and information disclosure of related party transactions.

????Article 109 The controlling shareholders, actual controllers, directors, supervisors and senior managers of an insurance company shall not use related party transactions to harm the interests of the company.

????Article 110 An insurance company shall, in accordance with the provisions of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, truthfully, accurately and completely disclose financial and accounting reports, risk management, insurance product management and other major matters.

????Article 111 The personnel engaged in insurance sales of an insurance company shall meet the qualifications stipulated by the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council and obtain the qualification certificate issued by the insurance supervision and administration institution.

????The scope and management measures of insurance sales personnel mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be formulated by the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council.
????Article 112 An insurance company shall establish an insurance agent registration management system, strengthen the training and management of insurance agents, and shall not instigate or induce insurance agents to engage in activities that violate the obligation of good faith.

????Article 113 An insurance company and its branches shall use the insurance business license according to law, and may not transfer, lease or lend the insurance business license.

????Article 114 An insurance company shall, in accordance with the provisions of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, formulate insurance clauses and insurance rates fairly and reasonably, and shall not harm the legitimate rights and interests of the applicant, the insured and the beneficiary.

????An insurance company shall, in accordance with the contract and the provisions of this Law, timely perform the obligation of compensation or payment of insurance benefits.
????Article 115 When conducting business, an insurance company shall follow the principle of fair competition and shall not engage in unfair competition.

????Article 116 An insurance company and its staff shall not commit the following acts in insurance business activities:

????(1) Deceiving the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary;
????(2) Concealing important information related to the insurance contract from the applicant;
????(3) Obstructing the applicant from fulfilling the obligation of truthful disclosure as stipulated in this Law, or inducing him not to fulfill the obligation of truthful disclosure as stipulated in this Law;

????(four) to give or promise to give the insured, the insured and the beneficiary insurance premiums or other benefits other than those stipulated in the insurance contract;

????(5) Refusing to perform the obligation of compensation or payment of insurance benefits as stipulated in the insurance contract according to law;
????(6) Deliberately fabricating insurance accidents or fictitious insurance contracts that have never happened, or deliberately exaggerating the loss degree of insurance accidents that have happened, making false claims, defrauding insurance money or seeking other illegitimate interests;

????(seven) misappropriation, interception and occupation of insurance premiums;
????(8) Entrusting institutions or individuals without legal qualifications to engage in insurance sales activities;
????(nine) to seek illegitimate interests for other institutions or individuals by conducting insurance business;
????(10) Using insurance agents, insurance brokers or insurance assessment agencies to engage in illegal activities such as fictitious insurance intermediary business or fabricating surrender;

????(eleven) damage the business reputation of competitors by fabricating or spreading false facts, or disrupt the order of the insurance market by other unfair competition;

????(12) disclosing the business secrets of the applicant and the insured that are known in business activities;
????(thirteen) other acts in violation of laws, administrative regulations and the provisions of the the State Council insurance regulatory agency.
????

????Chapter V Insurance Agents and Insurance Brokers

????Article 117 An insurance agent is an institution or individual that collects commissions from the insurer on the basis of the insurer’s entrustment and handles insurance business on its behalf within the scope authorized by the insurer.

????Insurance agencies include professional insurance agencies specializing in insurance agency business and part-time insurance agencies engaged in insurance agency business.

????Article 118 An insurance broker is an institution that provides intermediary services for the applicant to conclude an insurance contract with the insurer based on the interests of the applicant, and collects commissions according to law.

????Article 119 Insurance agencies and insurance brokers shall meet the requirements stipulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority, and obtain the insurance agency business license and insurance brokerage business license issued by the insurance regulatory authority.

????Insurance professional agencies and insurance brokers shall register with the administrative department for industry and commerce with the license issued by the insurance supervision and administration institution and obtain a business license.

????A part-time insurance agency shall, with the license issued by the insurance supervision and administration institution, handle the change registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce.

????Article 120 The provisions of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall apply to the minimum registered capital of insurance professional agencies and insurance brokers established in the form of companies.

????According to the business scope and scale of insurance professional agencies and insurance brokers, the State Council insurance supervision and management institutions may adjust the minimum registered capital, but it shall not be lower than the limit stipulated in the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

????The registered capital or capital contribution of insurance professional agencies and insurance brokers must be paid-in monetary capital.
????Article 121 The senior managers of insurance professional agencies and insurance brokers should be of good conduct, be familiar with insurance laws and administrative regulations, have the management ability required to perform their duties, and obtain the post qualifications approved by the insurance supervision and administration institutions before taking up their posts.

????Article 122 Individual insurance agents, agents of insurance agencies, and brokers of insurance brokers shall meet the qualifications stipulated by the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council and obtain the qualification certificates issued by the insurance regulatory agency.

????Article 123 Insurance agencies and insurance brokers shall have their own business premises and set up special account books to record the income and expenditure of insurance agency business and brokerage business.

????Article 124 Insurance agencies and insurance brokers shall deposit a deposit or take out professional liability insurance in accordance with the provisions of the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority. Without the approval of the insurance regulatory agency, insurance agencies and insurance brokers may not use the deposit.

????Article 125 An individual insurance agent may not accept the entrustment of more than two insurers at the same time when handling life insurance business on his behalf.

????Article 126 When an insurer entrusts an insurance agent to handle insurance business on its behalf, it shall sign an agency agreement with the insurance agent to stipulate the rights and obligations of both parties according to law.

????Article 127 The insurer shall bear the responsibility for the insurance agent’s act of handling insurance business on behalf of the insurer.

If an insurance agent has no power of agency, exceeds the power of agency or concludes a contract in the name of the insurer after the termination of the power of agency, so that the applicant has reason to believe that he has power of agency, the agency behavior is valid. An insurer may investigate the liability of an insurance agent who exceeds his authority according to law.

????Article 128 If an insurance broker causes losses to the applicant and the insured due to his fault, he shall be liable for compensation according to law.

????Article 129 The parties to an insurance activity may entrust an independent appraisal institution established according to law, such as an insurance assessment institution, or personnel with relevant professional knowledge to evaluate and appraise the insurance accident.

????Institutions and personnel entrusted with the assessment and appraisal of insurance accidents shall conduct the assessment and appraisal in accordance with the law, independently, objectively and impartially, and no unit or individual may interfere.

????If the institutions and personnel specified in the preceding paragraph cause losses to the insurer or the insured intentionally or negligently, they shall be liable for compensation according to law.

????Article 130 Insurance commissions are only paid to legally qualified insurance agents and insurance brokers, and may not be paid to others.

????Article 131 Insurance agents, insurance brokers and their employees shall not commit the following acts in handling insurance business activities:

????(1) Deceiving the insurer, the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary;
????(2) Concealing important information related to the insurance contract;
????(3) Obstructing the applicant from fulfilling the obligation of truthful disclosure as stipulated in this Law, or inducing him not to fulfill the obligation of truthful disclosure as stipulated in this Law;

????(4) Giving or promising to give benefits other than those stipulated in the insurance contract to the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary;
????(5) Forcing, inducing or restricting the applicant to conclude an insurance contract by taking advantage of administrative power, position or professional convenience and other improper means;

????(6) Forging or altering an insurance contract without authorization, or providing false certification materials for the parties to the insurance contract;
????(seven) misappropriation, interception, embezzlement of insurance premiums or insurance benefits;
????(8) Taking advantage of business facilities to seek illegitimate interests for other institutions or individuals;
????(9) colluding with the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary to defraud the insurance money;
????(10) disclosing the business secrets of the insurer, the applicant and the insured that are known in business activities.
????Article 132 The division, merger, change of organizational form, establishment of branches or dissolution of insurance professional agencies and insurance brokers shall be subject to the approval of the insurance regulatory agency.

????Article 133 The provisions of the first paragraph of Article 86 and Article 113 of this Law shall apply to insurance agencies and insurance brokers.

????Chapter VI Supervision and Administration of Insurance Industry
????Article 134 Insurance supervision and management institutions shall, in accordance with their duties as stipulated in this Law and the the State Council, follow the principles of legality, openness and fairness, supervise and manage the insurance industry, maintain the order of the insurance market, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of policyholders, insured persons and beneficiaries.

????Article 135 The insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council shall formulate and issue relevant regulations on insurance supervision and administration in accordance with laws and administrative regulations.

????Article 136 The insurance clauses and premium rates of insurance types that are related to the public interests, those that are subject to compulsory insurance according to law, and newly developed life insurance types shall be reported to the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority for approval. When examining and approving, the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council shall follow the principles of protecting public interests and preventing unfair competition. The insurance clauses and premium rates of other insurance types shall be reported to the insurance supervision and administration institution for the record.

The specific measures for the examination, approval and filing of insurance clauses and premium rates shall be formulated by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
????Article 137 If the insurance clauses and premium rates used by insurance companies violate laws, administrative regulations or the relevant provisions of the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council, the insurance regulatory agency shall order them to stop using them and make amendments within a time limit; If the circumstances are serious, it may be forbidden to declare new insurance clauses and insurance rates within a certain period of time.

????Article 138 The insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council shall establish and improve the solvency supervision system of insurance companies and monitor the solvency of insurance companies.

????Article 139 The the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority shall list the insurance companies with insufficient solvency as key regulatory targets, and may take the following measures according to specific conditions:

????(a) ordered to increase capital, reinsurance;
????(2) limiting the business scope;
????(3) Limiting dividends to shareholders;
????(four) limit the scale of fixed assets purchase or operating expenses;
????(five) the form and proportion of restricting the use of funds;
????(6) Restricting the addition of branches;
????(seven) to order the auction of non-performing assets and the transfer of insurance business;
????(8) Limiting the remuneration levels of directors, supervisors and senior managers;
????(9) Restricting commercial advertisements;
????(ten) ordered to stop accepting new business.
????Article 140 If an insurance company fails to withdraw or carry forward various liability reserves in accordance with the provisions of this Law, or fails to conduct reinsurance in accordance with the provisions of this Law, or seriously violates the provisions of this Law on the use of funds, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, and may also order it to adjust the responsible person and relevant management personnel.

????Article 141 If the insurance company fails to make corrections within the time limit after the insurance supervision and administration institution has made a decision to make corrections within the time limit in accordance with the provisions of Article 140 of this Law, the the State Council insurance supervision and administration institution may decide to appoint insurance professionals and relevant personnel of the insurance company to form a rectification group to rectify the company.

????The rectification decision shall specify the name of the company to be rectified, the reasons for rectification, the members of the rectification team and the rectification period, and shall be announced.

????Article 142 The rectification group has the right to supervise the daily business of the rectified insurance company. The person in charge of the company being reorganized and the relevant management personnel shall exercise their functions and powers under the supervision of the reorganization team.

????Article 143 In the course of reorganization, the original business of the reorganized insurance company will continue. However, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority may order the reorganized company to stop part of its original business, stop accepting new business and adjust the use of funds.

????Article 144 If an insurance company that has been rectified has corrected its violation of the provisions of this Law and resumed its normal operation, the rectification team shall submit a report, which shall be approved by the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council, and the rectification shall be terminated and announced by the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council.

????Article 145 The the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority may take over an insurance company under any of the following circumstances:

????(1) The solvency of the company is seriously insufficient;
????(2) Violating the provisions of this Law and harming the public interests, which may seriously endanger or has seriously endangered the solvency of the company.

????The creditor-debtor relationship of the taken-over insurance company does not change due to the takeover.
????Article 146 The composition of the take-over group and the measures for the implementation of the take-over shall be decided by the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority and announced.

????Article 147 Upon the expiration of the take-over period, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority may decide to extend the take-over period, but the maximum take-over period shall not exceed two years.

????Article 148 If the takeover period expires and the insurance company that has been taken over has resumed its normal operation capacity, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority shall decide to terminate the takeover and make a public announcement.

????Article 149 Where an insurance company that has been reorganized and taken over is under the circumstances as stipulated in Article 2 of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People’s Republic of China, the insurance supervision and administration institution of the State Council may apply to the people’s court for reorganization or bankruptcy liquidation of the insurance company according to law.

????Article 150 If an insurance company’s insurance business license is revoked according to law due to illegal operation, or its solvency is lower than the standard set by the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council, and the failure to cancel it will seriously endanger the order of the insurance market and damage the public interest, the insurance regulatory agency of the State Council will revoke it and make a public announcement, and timely organize a liquidation team to carry out liquidation according to law.

????Article 151 The the State Council insurance regulatory authority has the right to require the shareholders and actual controllers of insurance companies to provide relevant information and materials within the specified time limit.

????Article 152 If the shareholders of an insurance company use related party transactions to seriously damage the company’s interests and endanger the company’s solvency, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority shall order them to make corrections. Before making corrections as required, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority may restrict the rights of its shareholders; Those who refuse to make corrections may be ordered to transfer their shares in insurance companies.

????Article 153 An insurance supervision and management institution may, according to the needs of performing its supervision and management duties, hold supervision and management talks with directors, supervisors and senior management personnel of an insurance company, and ask them to make explanations on major issues of the company’s business activities and risk management.

????Article 154 During the period of reorganization, takeover or cancellation of liquidation of an insurance company, or in case of major risks, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority may take the following measures against the directors, supervisors, senior managers and other directly responsible personnel of the company:

????(1) Notify the exit administration authorities to prevent them from leaving the country according to law;
????(2) applying to the judicial organ to prohibit it from transferring, transferring or otherwise disposing of property, or setting other rights on property.

????Article 155 An insurance supervision and administration institution may take the following measures to perform its duties according to law:

????(1) Conducting on-site inspections on the representative offices of insurance companies, insurance agents, insurance brokers, insurance asset management companies and foreign insurance institutions;

????(two) to enter the place where the suspected illegal act occurred to investigate and collect evidence;
????(3) Asking the parties concerned, the units and individuals related to the incident under investigation, and asking them to explain the matters related to the incident under investigation;

????(four) to consult and copy the information related to the property rights registration of the investigated event;
????(5) consulting and copying the financial and accounting data and other relevant documents and materials of insurance companies, insurance agents, insurance brokers, insurance asset management companies, representative offices of foreign insurance institutions, and units and individuals related to the investigated events; To seal up documents and materials that may be transferred, concealed or damaged;

????(6) Inquiring about the bank accounts of insurance companies, insurance agents, insurance brokers, insurance asset management companies, representative offices of foreign insurance institutions and units and individuals related to suspected illegal activities;

????(7) If there is evidence to prove that illegal funds and other property involved have been or may be transferred or concealed, or important evidence has been concealed, forged or destroyed, apply to the people’s court for freezing or sealing up with the approval of the principal responsible person of the insurance regulatory institution.

????Where an insurance regulatory institution adopts the measures mentioned in Items (1), (2) and (5) of the preceding paragraph, it shall be approved by the person in charge of the insurance regulatory institution; To take the measures in Item (6), it shall be approved by the person in charge of the insurance supervision and administration institution in the State Council.

????Insurance supervision and management institutions shall carry out supervision, inspection and investigation according to law, and the number of personnel involved in supervision, inspection and investigation shall not be less than two, and they shall produce legal certificates and notices of supervision, inspection and investigation; The units and individuals under inspection and investigation have the right to refuse if there are less than two persons who supervise, inspect and investigate, or if they fail to produce their legal certificates and the notice of supervision, inspection and investigation.

????Article 156 When an insurance supervision and administration institution performs its duties according to law, the units and individuals under inspection and investigation shall cooperate.

????Article 157 The staff of an insurance supervision and administration institution shall be loyal to their duties, act in accordance with the law, be fair and honest, and shall not seek illegitimate interests by taking advantage of their positions, nor disclose the business secrets of the relevant units and individuals they know.

????158th the State Council insurance supervision and management institutions shall establish a supervision and management information sharing mechanism with the People’s Bank of China and other financial supervision and management institutions in the State Council.

????When an insurance supervision and administration institution performs its duties according to law and conducts supervision, inspection and investigation, the relevant departments shall cooperate with it.

????Chapter VII Legal Liability
????Article 159 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, establishes an insurance company, an insurance asset management company or illegally engages in commercial insurance business shall be banned by the insurance supervision and administration institution, and his illegal income shall be confiscated, and he shall also be fined from one time to five times his illegal income; If there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 200,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed.

????Article 160 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, establishes a professional insurance agency or insurance broker without authorization, or engages in insurance agency business or insurance brokerage business without obtaining an insurance agency business license, shall be banned by the insurance supervision and administration institution, and his illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times his illegal income shall be imposed; If there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 50,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan shall be imposed.

????Article 161 Where an insurance company violates the provisions of this Law and operates beyond the approved business scope, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, confiscate its illegal income and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times its illegal income; If there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of more than 100,000 yuan and less than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed. If it fails to make corrections within the time limit or causes serious consequences, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license.

????Article 162 If an insurance company commits one of the acts specified in Article 116 of this Law, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, its business scope shall be restricted, it shall be ordered to stop accepting new business or its business license shall be revoked.

????Article 163 If an insurance company violates the provisions of Article 84 of this Law, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.

????Article 164 If an insurance company violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan:

????(1) Overunderwriting, and the circumstances are serious;
????(2) Underwriting insurance with death as the condition for paying insurance benefits for persons without civil capacity.
????Article 165 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the insurance supervision and regulation institution to make corrections and be fined between 50,000 yuan and 300,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, its business scope may be restricted, it may be ordered to stop accepting new business or its business license may be revoked:

????(a) failing to deposit the deposit in accordance with the provisions or using the deposit in violation of the provisions;
????(2) Failing to withdraw or carry forward various liability reserves in accordance with regulations;
????(3) Failing to pay the insurance protection fund or withdraw the provident fund in accordance with the provisions;
????(4) Failing to handle reinsurance in accordance with regulations;
????(5) Failing to use the funds of the insurance company in accordance with the provisions;
????(six) the establishment of branches or representative offices without approval;
????(7) Failing to apply for approval of insurance clauses and insurance rates as required.
????Article 166 If an insurance agency or insurance broker commits one of the acts specified in Article 131 of this Law, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the business license shall be revoked.

????Article 167 If an insurance agency or insurance broker violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license:

????(1) Failing to pay the deposit or take out professional liability insurance in accordance with the regulations;
????(2) Failing to set up special account books to record business income and expenditure in accordance with regulations.
????Article 168 Where a professional insurance agency or insurance broker violates the provisions of this Law by setting up a branch or changing its organizational form without approval, the insurance supervision and regulation institution shall order it to make corrections and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan.

????Article 169 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, hires a person who does not have the post-holding qualification or employment qualification shall be ordered by the insurance supervision and administration institution to make corrections and be fined between 20,000 yuan and 100,000 yuan.

????Article 170 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, transfers, leases or lends a business license shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan by the insurance supervision and regulation institution; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license.

????Article 171 Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law and commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the insurance supervision and regulation institution to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed:

????(a) failing to submit or keep reports, statements, documents and materials in accordance with the provisions, or failing to provide relevant information and materials in accordance with the provisions;

????(2) Failing to submit the insurance clauses and insurance rates for the record as required;
????(3) Failing to disclose information as required.
????Article 172 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts shall be ordered by the insurance supervision and regulation institution to make corrections and be fined between 100,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, its business scope may be restricted, it may be ordered to stop accepting new business or its business license may be revoked:

????(1) Compiling or providing false reports, statements, documents and materials;
????(2) Refusing or obstructing the supervision and inspection according to law;
????(3) Failing to use the approved or filed insurance clauses and insurance rates in accordance with regulations.
????Article 173 If an insurance company, an insurance asset management company, an insurance professional agency or an insurance broker violates the provisions of this Law, the insurance supervision and administration institution shall, in addition to punishing the unit in accordance with the provisions of Articles 161 to 172 of this Law, give a warning to the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel, and impose a fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the post-holding qualification or employment qualification shall be revoked.

????Article 174 If an individual insurance agent violates the provisions of this Law, the insurance supervision and administration institution shall give him a warning and may impose a fine of less than 20,000 yuan. If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan may be imposed, and its qualification certificate may be revoked.

????If a person who has not obtained legal qualifications engages in personal insurance agency activities, the insurance supervision and administration institution shall give him a warning and may impose a fine of less than 20 thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed.

????Article 175 If a foreign insurance institution establishes a representative office in People’s Republic of China (PRC) without the approval of the insurance regulatory authority in the State Council, it shall be banned by the insurance regulatory authority in the State Council, and a fine of 50,000 yuan to 300,000 yuan shall be imposed.

????If a representative office established by a foreign insurance institution in People’s Republic of China (PRC) engages in insurance business activities, the insurance supervision and administration institution shall order it to make corrections, confiscate its illegal income and impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times its illegal income; If there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 200,000 yuan, a fine of more than 200,000 yuan and less than 1 million yuan shall be imposed; The chief representative may be ordered to be replaced; If the circumstances are serious, its representative office shall be revoked.

????Article 176 An applicant, an insured or a beneficiary who commits any of the following acts and engages in insurance fraud, which does not constitute a crime, shall be given administrative punishment according to law:

????(1) The applicant intentionally fabricates the subject matter of insurance to defraud the insurance money;
????(2) fabricating an insurance accident that has never happened, or fabricating a false cause of the accident or exaggerating the degree of loss to defraud insurance money;

????(3) Deliberately causing an insurance accident and defrauding insurance money.
????If an appraiser, appraiser or witness of an insurance accident intentionally provides false documents to provide conditions for the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary to commit insurance fraud, he shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

????Article 177 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and causes damage to others shall bear civil liability according to law.

????Article 178 Whoever refuses or obstructs an insurance supervision and administration institution and its staff from exercising their powers of supervision, inspection and investigation according to law, without resorting to violence or threats, shall be given administrative penalties for public security according to law.

????179th violation of laws and administrative regulations, if the circumstances are serious, the the State Council Insurance Regulatory Authority may prohibit the relevant responsible personnel from entering the insurance industry for a certain period of time until life.

????Article 180 The personnel engaged in supervision and management of insurance supervision and management institutions shall be punished according to law in any of the following circumstances:

????(1) approving the establishment of an institution in violation of regulations;
????(2) Examining and approving insurance clauses and insurance rates in violation of regulations;
????(three) on-site inspection in violation of regulations;
????(4) Inquiring about accounts or freezing funds in violation of regulations;
????(5) disclosing the business secrets of the relevant units and individuals that he knows;
????(six) the implementation of administrative punishment in violation of regulations;
????(seven) other acts of abuse of power and dereliction of duty.
????Article 181 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

????Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
????Article 182 An insurance company shall join an insurance industry association. Insurance agents, insurance brokers and insurance assessment institutions may join insurance industry associations.

????The insurance industry association is a self-regulatory organization of the insurance industry and a social group legal person.
????Article 183 This Law is applicable to the commercial insurance business operated by insurance organizations established according to law other than insurance companies.

????Article 184 The relevant provisions of the Maritime Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) shall apply to marine insurance; Where there are no provisions in the Maritime Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the relevant provisions of this Law shall apply.

????Article 185 The provisions of this Law shall apply to Chinese-foreign equity joint insurance companies, wholly foreign-owned insurance companies and branches of foreign insurance companies. Where there are other provisions in laws and administrative regulations, such provisions shall apply.

????Article 186 The State supports the development of insurance services for agricultural production. Agricultural insurance shall be stipulated separately by laws and administrative regulations.

????Compulsory insurance, if there are other provisions in laws and administrative regulations, shall apply.
????Article 187 This Law shall come into force as of October 1, 2009.
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Foreword

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has attached great importance to seed industry, and repeatedly stressed the need to make up his mind to develop national seed industry and ensure national food security from the source. When the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the deliberation of the seed industry revitalization action plan in 2021, he emphasized that agricultural modernization is based on seeds, and the safety of seed sources should be raised to a strategic level related to national security. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the important task of accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country and consolidating the foundation of food security in all directions, and called for in-depth implementation of the seed industry revitalization action. At the Central Rural Work Conference in 2022, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the seed industry revitalization action should be effectively achieved and the home-grown varieties should be firmly in their own hands. These important instructions and strategic arrangements have pointed out the way forward and provided fundamental follow-up for promoting the revitalization of seed industry in the new era and new journey.

　　In recent years, it is an important period for the rapid development of seed industry in China. The vitality of breeding innovation has been released and the pace of variety breeding has been obviously accelerated. In terms of the number of varieties, the number of approved varieties has increased greatly, providing more varieties for agricultural production; In terms of variety quality, high-quality green varieties are accelerated, which provides an important variety guarantee to meet the needs of people’s better life; In terms of variety types, special varieties have been approved one after another, which provides strong variety support for adapting to the transformation of agricultural production mode. At the same time, we should also see that with the rapid growth of the number of varieties, the problem of homogenization of varieties has become increasingly prominent, which is not conducive to the innovation and upgrading of varieties, but also brings difficulties to farmers’ scientific selection and use of seeds.

　　Ensuring the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products has always been a top priority in building an agricultural power, and breeding and popularizing excellent varieties plays an important role in achieving this major strategic goal. In order to speed up the popularization and application of excellent varieties, improve the yield and quality level, and help guide farmers to select seeds scientifically and use seeds correctly, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has decided to compile and publish a national catalogue for the promotion of excellent varieties of crops from 2023, effectively guiding the industry to focus on demand breeding innovation and speeding up the upgrading of varieties.

I. General situation

　　In 2023, this catalogue will release 10 kinds of crops, including rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton, rape, peanut, potato, Chinese cabbage and cabbage, focusing on classification to guide the popularization and application of crop varieties. The released varieties include four types, including backbone type, growth type, emerging type and special type, forming a relatively complete variety promotion echelon to better serve the needs of agricultural seeds and farmers’ seed selection.

　　The backbone varieties have been approved (registered) for more than five years, the main grain, cotton and oil varieties have entered the top 10 in the suitable ecological area for three consecutive years, and the key vegetable varieties have entered the fifth place in the country for three consecutive years.

　　The growing variety has been approved (registered) for promotion for more than three years, and has outstanding performance in the national core exhibition base or provincial exhibition evaluation. The promotion area has increased rapidly, and it has entered the top 30 in the suitable ecological area (grain, cotton and oil) or the national (key vegetables), and is expected to grow into a backbone variety.

　　The budding variety is approved (registered) and popularized within three years, with good yield, resistance and quality, excellent comprehensive characters, excellent performance in the national core exhibition base or provincial exhibition evaluation, and great market potential. The formation enterprise or the integrated enterprise of breeding, breeding and promotion plans to promote it, and it is expected to further become a growing and backbone variety.

　　Specially-specialized varieties are newly approved (registered), meet the consumption needs of diversified markets, and can significantly improve the utilization rate of resources such as land, fertilizer, water, light and temperature, or have made breakthroughs and qualitative improvements in yield, resistance, quality, growth period, mechanization and new farming systems (such as ratooning rice and strip compound planting).

　　According to the above classification principle, based on the data of variety test, exhibition evaluation, statistics of main varieties’ extension area and production and operation of seed enterprises, recommended by provincial seed industry management departments and selected by experts, a total of 241 excellent varieties were introduced in 2023, including 36 rice, 29 wheat, 32 corn, 13 cotton, 22 soybeans, 26 rapeseed, 22 peanuts, 20 potatoes and 21 Chinese cabbage.

Second, rice varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (10)

　　Longjing 31, Nanjing 9108, Huang Huazhan, Jingliangyou 534, Jingliangyou Huazhan, Zhongjiazao 17, Longliangyou Huazhan, Quanyou 822, Yixiangyou 2115 and Meixiangzhan 2.

　　(2) Growing varieties (9)

　　Suijing 27, Jingliangyou 8612, Longliangyou 534, Yexiang Youlisi, Zhongzao 39, Quanyou Silk Miao, Quanliangyou Silk Miao, Yongyou 1540 and Nanjing 5718.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (15 varieties)

　　Weiliangyou 7713, Chuankangyou 2115, Taiyou 808, Weiliangyou 8612, Liangyou 5078, Tsuen Liangyou 069, Zhongzheyou H7, Tsuen Liangyou 1606, Yulongyou 1611, Jiuyou27, Huazheyou 210, Zhuoliangyou 1126, Ningxiangjing No.9 and Qing Xiang Youxiang No.19.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (2)

　　Hanyou 73 (water-saving and drought-resistant rice) and Fengliang You Xiang No.1 (ratooning rice).

Third, wheat varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (10)

　　Jimai 22, Bainong 207, Xinong 979, Zhengmai 379, Shan Nong 28, Luyuan 502, Chuanmai 104, Zhenmai 12, Zhongmai 175 and Zhongmai 1062.

　　(2) Growing varieties (8)

　　Jimai 44, Bainong 4199, Xinong 511, Zhoumai 36, Chuanmai 605, Ningmai 26, Luohan 22 and Zhongmai 36.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (9)

　　Zhongmai 578, Aimai 180, Jimai 765, Lunxuan 49, Chuanfu 14, Chuanmai 93, Young Mai 33, Huamai 11 and Weimai 9.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (2)

　　Jingmai 188 (salt-tolerant wheat) and Xiaoyan 60 (salt-tolerant wheat).

Fourth, corn varieties

　　(A) backbone varieties (11)

　　Zheng Dan 958, Xianyu 335, Jingke 968, denghai 605, Demeiya 1, Demeiya 3, Heyu 187, SEAO 29, Jingnongke 728, Zhongdan 808 and Zhengda 808.

　　(2) Growing varieties (8)

　　Yufeng 303, Zhongke Yu 505, Zhengyuanyu 432, Dongdan 1331, Youdi 919, Qiule 368, Xianda 901, MC121.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (8)

　　Jingke 999, Agricultural University 778, Xinghui 908, Zhongyu 303, Luodan 297, Shandan 650, Xiangyu 878 and Tie391.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (5)

　　Jingkenuo 2000 (fresh waxy corn), Wannuo 2000 (fresh waxy corn), Jinguan 218 (fresh sweet corn), Beinong Silage 368 (silage corn) and Shenbao 6 (popcorn).

Five,Soybean varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (10)

　　Heihe 43, Qihuang 34, Keshan 1, Dengke 5, Zhonghuang 13, Jinyuan 55, Jidou 12, Henong 95, Dongnong 63 and Huajiang 2.

　　(2) Growing varieties (6)

　　Suinong 52, Heinong 84, Zhonghuang 901, Mengdou 1137, Hedou 33 and Henong 85.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (2)

　　Sui Nong 94, Zheng 1307.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (4)

　　Suitable for soybean and corn strip compound planting: Handou 13, Xudou 18, Nanxiadao 25 and Jidou 17.

Six, rape varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (9)

　　Fengyou 737, Fengyou 730, Huayouza 62, zhongshuang 11, Huayouza 9, Sunshine 2009, Qinyou 10, Zheyou 50 and Qingza 5.

　　(2) Growing varieties (6)

　　Qingyou 3, Zhongyouza 19, Dadi 199, Huayouza 50, Ganyouza 8 and Qingza 12.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (6)

　　Zhongyouza 501, Changyou 777, Chuanyou 81, Qinyou 1618, Ningza 182 and Baoyou 150.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (5)

　　Sunshine 131 (short-growing rape), Fengyou 320 (short-growing rape), Huayouza 62R (clubroot-resistant rape), Huayou 2129 (high-oleic rape) and Kangyou 3 (yellow-seeded high-oleic rape).

Seven, peanut varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (9)

　　Shanhua 9, Yuhua 37, Shanhua 7, Yuanza 9102, Huayu 23, Yuhua 23, Huayu 25, Wanhua 2 and Zhongkaihua 1.

　　(2) Growing varieties (4)

　　Yuhua No.22, Kainong No.71, Jihua No.19 and Fuyu are four red.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (5)

　　Hanghua 2, Yuhua 18, Tianfu 33, Yuhua 93 and Zhonghua 215.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (4)

　　Jihuatian No.1 (high sugar content fresh food), Shuhua No.9 (high sugar content fresh food), Jihua No.23 (extra-early-maturing variety) and Yuhua No.29 (black peanut variety).

Eight, cotton varieties　

　　(a) backbone varieties (5)

　　Lumianyan 37, Xinluzhong 67, Xinluzhong 66, Huiyuan 720 and Hua Zamian H318.

　　(2) Growing varieties (3)

　　Tahe 2, Xinluzao 84 and Xinluzhong 87.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (2)

　　Zhong 7700 and Zhongshengmian 17.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (3)

　　Yuanmianxin 13305 (machine-harvested variety), Gangzamian 10 (special high-strength variety) and Zhongmian 425 (early-maturing variety).

Nine, potato varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (4)

　　Feiwuruita, Jizhangshu No.12, Longshu No.7, Atlantic Ocean.

　　(2) Growing varieties (6)

　　Lishu 6, Zhongshu 5, Jinshu 16, Longshu 10, Xisen 6 and Yunshu 505.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (6)

　　Zhongshu 27, Zhongshuzao 35, Longshu 12, Minshu 1, Qianyu 8 and Hubei Potato 16.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (4)

　　Zhongshuzao 39 (fresh, starch-processed variety), Dongnong 310 (starch-processed variety), Kexin 30 (fresh, fried chips and fried strips) and Yunshu 304 (fried chips, fried strips and zinc-rich potato chips).

X. Varieties of Chinese Cabbage

　　(a) backbone varieties (9)

　　Improved Qingza No.3, Jiaoshu Qiuqiu Wang, Zaoshu No.5, Xixing 90, Jingqiu No.3, Niupai No.19, Hualiang 836, Xixing 78 and Jingyan Kuaicai No.2..

　　(2) Growing varieties (8)

　　Jingyan Fast Food, CR117, Xiaoyi Heqiu, Xinxiang Xiaobao 23, Qinghua 76, Hualiang 2000, Qiulv 60 and Youlv 3.

　　(3) Emergent varieties (2)

　　Sagitar 8, Jingqiu 1518.

　　(4) Specially specialized varieties (2)

　　Dongguan 097 (high taste quality variety) and Lvzhu70 (high taste quality variety).

Eleven, cabbage varieties

　　(a) backbone varieties (3)

　　Jingfeng 1, Zhonggan 11 and Zhonggan 21.

　　(2) Growing varieties (8)

　　Zhonggan 8398, Zhonggan 628, Zhonggan 56, Zhonggan 15, Chunfeng, Zhengchun, Xiyuan No.4 and Qiushi No.1..

　　(3) Emergent varieties (9)

　　YR zhonggan 21, zhonggan 1305, xinggan 23, bright ball, shuanghuan 60, prospect 2, full moon 55, xinggan 279 and chunfeng 007.

　　

　　

　　See the annex for the text.