The latest development of Tesla FSD entering China

On August 10th, a blogger broke the news on the social platform that the test version of Tesla’s fully automatic driving function FSD has been pushed to the China market, and data will be collected in the "shadow mode" at the initial stage. After the relevant feasibility verification is completed, it will be gradually activated for a small-scale trial.

Although there is no official response to this, there have been new developments in the past two days in response to the FSD’s entry into China. Some media reported that Tesla plans to set up a team of about 20 people in China to promote the landing of FSD in China. At the same time, Tesla will set up a data marking team of about 100 people in China to prepare for FSD algorithm training.

AI perspective

If these revelations are true, it means that Tesla FSD Beta will come to China soon, which is expected to accelerate the intelligent process of China Automobile Company as a whole. However, industry analysts said that Tesla FSD faced two thresholds of qualification and data when it entered China.

In terms of qualification threshold, because Tesla needs to achieve automatic driving through "shadow mode", when the vehicle is driving, the system will automatically detect the surrounding environment and learn the driver’s driving style in relevant sections. This practice may be judged as a map mapping behavior, and it needs to obtain relevant qualifications before it can be carried out.

As for the data threshold, in order to ensure information security, Tesla also needs to set up a data center in China to store and process the China road data collected by the autopilot system locally, and cannot send it back to the United States. However, on August 14th, Tesla officially announced that it had established a data center in China, and the data collected by all Tesla models sold in China would be stored in China.

It is worth noting that many brands in China are developing their own assisted driving systems, including Tucki, Weilai, Zhiji, Ideality, Huawei, Great Wall, etc., which plan to launch products equipped with urban NOA, that is, pilot assisted driving functions.

In the second half of this year, it will be the peak moment for intelligent driving to fight the urban scene.

BYD withdrew from the autopilot cooperation with Baidu.

According to two people familiar with the matter, BYD has withdrawn from the agreement to equip its electric vehicles with Baidu autonomous driving technology and chose to develop its own smart car software. According to people familiar with the matter, BYD decided to suspend cooperation with Baidu because it believes that autonomous driving technology has no prospect in the mass market in the near future.

AI perspective

BYD initially agreed to use Baidu’s technology in its electric vehicles in March 2022, including navigation and automatic parking service function. This cooperation is regarded as one of the major changes of Apollo, Baidu’s autonomous driving department. Subsequently, Baidu said at the third quarter performance meeting held in November 2022 that the cooperation with BYD was a sign of "the growing interest of automakers in their autonomous driving solutions". Obviously, the cancellation of this agreement will be a huge blow to Baidu’s autonomous driving business.

Although the development of autonomous driving business is quite bumpy, the latest progress has been made by Baidu’s Jidu Automobile. Insiders said that they are no longer called Jidu, but extremely yue. The first model of the original Jidu automobile "Jidu ROBO-01" was renamed as "Extreme Yue 01" and entered the latest batch of new automobile products public announcement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. It can be understood that Extreme Yue 01 has obtained the qualification for marketing.

It is reported that Jiyue is a newly established automobile sub-brand under Geely Holding, and the main body of the company is Hangzhou Jiyue Automobile Technology Co., Ltd., which was newly established on August 9 this year. It is worth noting that the shareholding ratio of Baidu and Geely has changed: Baidu holds 55% of the shares, Geely holds 45%, and Baidu dominates; Now, from the perspective of the new company "Extreme and Yue", Geely holds 65% of the shares, Baidu holds 35%, and Geely dominates.

Baidu’s change from a major shareholder who took the lead in building a car to a technology provider who participated in building a car means that Baidu founder Li Yanhong has given up building a car and returned to his original heart in 2018: "Baidu will not build its own car, will not open its own production line and design its own engine, and only do research and development of autonomous driving technology that it is good at."

Vice President of Weilai Hardware: In the next 1-2 years, some key self-developed chips of Weilai will be mass-produced.

Recently, Bai Jian, vice president of Weilai Automotive Hardware, said that in the field of intelligent hardware, starting from NT1, Weilai’s domain controller circuit and structure will be designed by itself and entrusted to the foundry for production. Even in OEM production, the test fixture and test software development of the production line are self-developed and transferred to the foundry for use. In the next 1-2 years, some key self-developed chips of Weilai will be mass-produced.

Feifan Automobile Releases "Three Electricity" Technical System

On August 14th, Feifan Automobile held the theme communication meeting of "Feifan Energy Day" in Beijing. At the meeting, Feifan Automobile released its "Three Electricity" technology system. At the same time, Feifan Automobile’s first power station in Beijing was launched. In terms of battery, Feifan CTP battery structure adopts "double-layer lying" battery layout. With this layout, the batteries are distributed in the cells in pairs, and the contact area between batteries is reduced by 70%, thus avoiding the chain reaction of battery thermal runaway.

In terms of power exchange, during the power exchange process of Feifan Automobile, the vehicle is constantly powered on, and the power exchange time is only 2.5 minutes. In terms of power exchange layout, SAIC and China Petrochemical, China Petroleum, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and Shanghai International Automobile City Group jointly invested to establish Jieneng Zhidian, and completed the layout of more than 10 cities and more than 50 power exchange stations by the end of 2023.

Huawei’s patent for integrated structure of battery and car body was announced, which can integrate battery into car body.

Tianyancha App shows that on August 15th, the patent of "Integrated Structure of Battery and Body and Electric Vehicle" applied by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. was announced. It is shown that the patent is an integrated structure of battery and car body, including car body frame and battery pack, the car body frame has two threshold beams arranged in parallel and an accommodation space between the two threshold beams, and the battery pack includes a shell, as well as battery cell components and beams arranged in the shell, and the beams are connected with the shell.

Beiqi New Energy Huawei Zhixuan new car positioning C-class pure electric smart car, unveiled next year.

On August 15th, some media learned from insiders of Beiqi Blue Valley that the first new car after the cooperation between Beiqi New Energy and Huawei was positioned as a C-class pure electric smart car, which will be officially unveiled next year. According to this source, the new product is defined by Huawei, and BAIC New Energy is responsible for providing chassis architecture and vehicle production. The new car will enter Huawei’s sales channel, and the brand name has not yet been determined.

With an investment of 50 billion yuan in the next three years, Dongfeng Group expects its net profit to drop by 75% in the first half of the year.

On August 14th, Dongfeng Group announced its share disclosure, and it is estimated that the net profit returned to the mother in the first half of 2023 will decrease by about 75% year-on-year. According to the plan, in the next three years, Dongfeng Motor will invest 50 billion yuan to vigorously develop new energy vehicles, high-computing digital bases and materials technology.

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Urgent reminder

A new round of cold air will arrive soon.

Dear friends,

Take out your thick clothes quickly.

The kind with cotton!

Tangshan meteorological observatory

At 15: 35 on November 16, 2019

Release cold wave blue warning signal

↓↓↓

Tangshan Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning signal of cold wave at 15: 35 on November 16th, 2019: Due to the influence of strong cold air, it is expected that there will be cold wave weather in our city in the next 48 hours. The temperature in most areas will continue to drop by 8~10℃, and the minimum temperature will drop to around -9℃. Please take precautions.

Want to know the weather in the next few days?

Just follow Xiao Bu to see the specific situation ~

▼▼▼

Details of today’s weather

Today’s weather: The highest temperature in Tangshan today is 10℃, and the lowest temperature is 2℃! The temperature is low in the morning and evening, so friends must pay attention to adding clothes ~ There is a light rain forecast at night, so remember to take an umbrella when you go out today!

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Weather in Tangshan in the next 7 days

Weather in the next 7 days: According to the weather forecast, the light rain will turn fine tomorrow (17th), and the temperature will drop sharply the day after tomorrow (18th), with the lowest temperature of -9℃! Everyone must pay attention to keep warm ~

The temperature drops suddenly.

Everyone should pay more attention to their health.

Enhance warmth while

Do a good job in health care

The following cloth will take you to know more about it.

Doctors in all departments want us to do the last thing.

But there are still things that many people do.

↓↓↓

internal medicine

1. The respiratory doctor said: Don’t exercise on the road.

The road is crushed by cars, and the dust is flying, and the increase of human vital capacity during exercise will breathe in more dust and harmful gases. It is best to exercise in parks, stadiums and other quiet and clean places away from the road.

2. The endocrinologist said: Sugar friends should not easily pull out their teeth.

Because of the poor anti-infection ability of sugar friends, it is easy to prolong the healing time after tooth extraction, accompanied by adverse reactions such as pain and inflammation, so sugar friends should not easily pull out their teeth unless they have to.

3. The neurologist said: Don’t turn around suddenly and quickly.

Normal carotid artery can tear the intima of blood vessel wall under strong external force, causing carotid dissection. Common in neck massage and massage, skating, playing badminton, tennis and practicing yoga, riding a roller coaster or even turning around suddenly.

4. Nephrologist said: Don’t hold your urine.

Urine containing bacteria can not be discharged in time, which is easy to cause urinary system diseases such as cystitis and urethritis. Once chronic urinary tract infection persists, it will cause renal parenchyma damage and lead to renal insufficiency.

5. The gastroenterologist said: Don’t eat at a low table.

Often eating with a low table hunched, it is easy to press the abdomen, affecting the peristalsis of the stomach, the secretion of digestive juice and the blood circulation of the digestive tract, weakening people’s digestive function and being prone to stomach problems for a long time.

6. Cardiovascular physicians say: People with coronary heart disease should not walk a hundred steps after meals.

People with good physical fitness can take a walk after meals, but the elderly or the physically weak should rest for half an hour to an hour before exercising, especially those with coronary heart disease.

7. The allergic reaction doctor said: Don’t use too much disinfectant.

Some people like to use disinfectant to clean their homes. Long-term use can easily lead to allergic diseases of the skin and respiratory tract, such as allergic pharyngitis and rhinitis.

surgery

1. The hepatobiliary surgeon said: Don’t eat snacks as meals.

Irregular diet not only disrupts the digestion and absorption function of gastrointestinal tract, but also affects the contraction of gallbladder and bile excretion, and the viscosity of bile increases, which is easy to cause gallstones.

2. The urologist said: Old people should not blindly supplement calcium.

Some senile urinary calculi are related to excessive calcium supplementation. It is suggested that elderly friends should not blindly supplement calcium and need to do it under the guidance of a doctor.

The vascular surgeon said: Don’t sit for a long time.

Sitting in a fixed posture for a long time is easy to cause venous compression and form venous thrombosis of lower limbs.

Gynecology and pediatrics

1. The gynecologist said: Don’t use alkaline shower gel.

Doing so will destroy the acid-base balance of private parts, inhibit the growth of normal lactobacillus and induce gynecological inflammation.

2. The obstetrician said: Don’t eat tonics in confinement.

In the past, Chinese paid attention to "tonic" in confinement, which was related to the lack of nutrition in most of Chinese. Now most people don’t need supplements, what they should pay attention to is nutritional balance.

The pediatrician said: Don’t take fruit juice as a supplementary food.

After a certain age, children can eat more fruits, but they can’t equate fruit juice with fruit.

orthopaedics

1. The orthopedic surgeon said: Don’t bend down suddenly to pick things up.

The joints of human body are fragile and prone to pathological changes. When people bend down directly, the pressure of lumbar intervertebral disc increases at the moment, which is prone to symptoms such as low back pain. Keep your waist upright when picking things up, and slowly squat down before picking them up.

2. The osteoarthrist said: Don’t go up and down the steps frequently.

The knee joint bends and straightens repeatedly, the patella load increases obviously, and the wear of the joint will naturally increase.

Other subjects

1. Psychiatrists say: Don’t reject negative emotions.

Negative emotions are a kind of signal, and each negative emotion corresponds to the problems that need to be improved in life and work. Finding the root cause can help us find a solution to the problem.

2. The pain doctor said: Don’t take medicine for migraine.

Most painkillers only temporarily relieve pain. If you want to completely relieve pain, you should go to the hospital to find out the cause and carry out comprehensive treatment.

3. The emergency doctor said: Don’t pinch people when you faint.

After someone faints, pinching people can’t play a first-aid role, but it may harm people. The correct way is to dial 120 first, then clap your shoulders and shout at the patient. If there is no response, observe your breathing. If breathing is normal, help him lie on his side and wait for the ambulance; If there is no breathing, give cardiopulmonary resuscitation or simple chest compression until the emergency personnel arrive.

Care about the weather and care more about you ~

Don’t forget to give a compliment to the intimate little point ~

Original title: "Tangshan issued a cold wave warning! The lowest temperature drops to -9℃! Doctors in various departments reminded that these things should not be done again … "

　　Xinhua News Agency, Harbin, March 2nd Title: Strong foundation, increased kinetic energy and excellent supply — — First-line observation of Heilongjiang large-scale project construction in northeast old industrial base

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Qiang Yong

　　At the Northwest Ring Highway Bridge Station of Harbin Metro Line 3, Heilongjiang Province, there is still some snow on the ground that has not melted. Under the ground more than 20 meters deep, with the rumbling roar, the huge shield machine slowly broke through the ground.

　　"The construction team overcomes difficulties such as the difficulty of winter construction in Northeast China, and does not stop work in winter to grab the progress and construction period." Chen Peijun, assistant manager of the construction branch of Harbin Metro Group Co., Ltd., said that the entire northwest ring project will be completed in 2024, when Line 3 will be fully connected.

　　Northwest Ring Project of Harbin Metro Line 3. Xinhua News Agency reporter Qiang Yong photo

　　Spring is chilly, and the construction of large projects in Heilongjiang, the northernmost province in China, continues to heat up: the construction of Daqing polycarbonate joint project with a total investment of 6.5 billion yuan is in full swing, the second phase expansion project of Harbin Airport is accelerated, and the comprehensive management of wetland protection and restoration in Xiaoxing’ anling is accelerated … … Heilongjiang seized the "bull’s nose" of project construction and released an important signal to boost the real economy of the old industrial base.

　　Liu Wei, deputy director of the Development and Reform Commission of Heilongjiang Province, said that Heilongjiang has taken "five grasping" measures such as information platform scheduling, satellite image monitoring and land supply progress to accelerate the construction of major infrastructure and industrial projects. By mid-February, there were 46 provincial-level key projects under construction in winter, 150 projects could be resumed before the end of March and more than 500 projects before the end of April.

　　Harbin Electric Machinery Factory Co., Ltd. Hydropower Branch of Harbin Electric Power Group. Xinhua News Agency reporter Qiang Yong photo

　　The appearance of the workshop, a provincial key project and a new energy industry incubation platform construction site in Jiamusi City, has begun to take shape. Qin Mingze, the project manager, said that the whole plant area has completed more than 80% of the project, and after formal production, it can achieve an annual output of 300 sets of wind power equipment such as wind turbines and towers.

　　The "four beams and eight pillars" of large-scale project construction supporting stable investment are reshaping the economic development map of the old industrial base. Among the provincial key projects in Heilongjiang Province this year, industrial projects account for more than 60%, among which there are many leading projects that can promote urban industrial upgrading and even leap-forward development, which is expected to become a "new engine" for local accelerated development.

　　In Daqing, an oil city, the polycarbonate joint project started in the snow in early February. At present, all large-scale equipment has been hoisted, and it has gradually shifted to the stage of prefabrication and welding of process pipelines. The first phase of the project is planned to be put into production before the end of 2023, which will be used to produce toluene, propylene, phenol, polycarbonate and other products.

　　In Hegang, a coal city, China Minmetals Group and other Fortune 500 companies were introduced to promote graphite industry to become the second largest industry after coal-related industries. Wang Jionghui, chairman of China Minmetals Group (Heilongjiang) Graphite Industry Co., Ltd., said that the company and the research team of Harbin Institute of Technology set up a "Touyan" workstation to push forward scientific and technological projects in the graphite field.

　　China Minmetals Group (Heilongjiang) Graphite Industry Co., Ltd. Dispatching Command Center. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Jianfei photo

　　Focusing on optimizing the business environment, Heilongjiang strengthened the working mechanism of leaders at all levels to contract enterprises, vigorously promoted the action of "10,000 cadres entering 10,000 enterprises", and escorted the project construction and enterprise production. Qiqihar has established a "working platform for leading contracting enterprises (projects)", which realizes intelligent management and improves the efficiency of contracting.

　　At the same time, Heilongjiang focuses on urban renewal, rural infrastructure construction, and modern industrial system to extend the chain and strengthen the chain. Up to now, the province has a total of 10,600 reserve projects with a planned total investment of 2 trillion yuan.

　　Mo Peng

　　Every year during the Spring Festival, some newborn babies are welcomed. The "basic necessities of life" during the Spring Festival determines the health of novice mothers and babies. Mariette, the chief physician of gynecology and pediatrics of Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center, prepared a holiday health guide for these two groups.

　　new mother

　　There are four precautions for novice mothers to celebrate the holidays.

　　First, the thickness of clothes should be moderate, especially in the north. During the Spring Festival, the weather is cold. It is best for novice mothers to dress in a loose, warm, soft, comfortable and clean manner. Clothes should be changed, washed and dried frequently. If the indoor temperature is suitable, you don’t need to wear a hat and thick cotton-padded clothes, but if you want to go out, you should keep warm and windproof. After all, the maternity who has just given birth has low resistance, so you should pay attention to preventing colds and infections.

　　Second, the diet is light and less greasy. During the Spring Festival, the dishes on the dining table are richer than usual, and big fish, big meat and fatty food can be seen everywhere. However, mothers who have just given birth can’t stand this kind of "supplement". Oily food can easily cause problems such as breast duct blockage, milk deposition, and even acute mastitis. Babies who eat breast milk may also have indigestion and diarrhea. In addition, we should avoid raw, cold, hard and spicy diets, because the hormone level and body condition of women after delivery have changed, and the gastrointestinal digestive function is in the recovery period.

　　Third, the environment is quiet and not noisy, visiting relatives and friends, congratulating the New Year, and there are many people in the family. If there are guests visiting, they should be mainly received by their families. Mothers should try not to carry their babies out of the room, because newborns have weak resistance and should avoid the risk of infection. Don’t always close the doors and windows in the living room. Open the windows for ventilation once or twice a day to avoid dirty air in the room. However, when ventilating, pay attention to avoid indoor convection wind, and don’t let the wind blow directly to the parturient and newborn.

　　Fourth, novice mothers who are moderately active in bed generally don’t travel in the second month, but they can’t stay in bed most of the time. It is necessary to get out of bed as soon as possible after delivery, which can reduce the formation of venous thrombosis and promote the discharge of lochia, which is conducive to the recovery of uterus.

　　Newborn baby

　　Babies born before and during the Spring Festival bring special joy to the family, but don’t forget to give them more careful care.

　　First, don’t cover your baby too hot. It is one of the challenges for him or her to adapt to the temperature, so it is advisable to keep the room temperature at 20-25℃ and keep the air fresh. Neonates’ thermoregulatory center is not well developed, and the subcutaneous fat layer is thin, so they are sensitive to external temperature changes. Even if the Spring Festival climate in the north is cold, you can’t cover your baby too thick. Excessive warmth will make newborns sweat a lot and lose fluids in the body. In severe cases, there will be a series of manifestations such as dehydration and hypoxia. In addition to the appropriate thickness of clothes, the quilt should not be too tight and too thick.

　　Second, don’t kiss and shake the newborn mother. Don’t let others kiss the newborn casually, lest the baby be infected with the disease. Pinch your face, a little gesture of "showing love", is also not desirable, because it may squeeze your baby’s parotid gland and parotid duct, causing diseases such as baby drooling and oral mucositis. In addition, because the baby’s brain is not well developed and the neck muscles have weak support for the head, don’t shake the newborn too much.

　　Third, use the flash carefully when taking pictures. The baby’s first Spring Festival is so meaningful that adults want to take some pictures of the baby as a souvenir. Whether it is a professional SLR camera or a smart phone, you must use the flash carefully. This strong light may cause damage to the baby’s retinal nerve cells. Just take pictures of children with natural light.

　　(Author: Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center)

All relevant units:

　　In order to ensure the stable supply of domestic service market in Beijing during the Spring Festival in 2024 and better meet the needs of the citizens, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce plans to continue to carry out the action of ensuring the supply of domestic service market during the Spring Festival from February 2 to February 24, 2024 (from the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th day of the first lunar month). The participating enterprises and organizations are now invited to participate in the project. The relevant matters are notified as follows:

　　I. Project Name

　　2024 Spring Festival domestic service market security action (hereinafter referred to as Spring Security Action).

　　Second, the project content

　　(a) to reward the domestic service enterprises that meet the conditions of this notice.

　　(2) Reward the project organizing units engaged in overall coordination, order management and dynamic monitoring that meet the requirements of this notice.

　　The same subject may not declare the above two contents at the same time.

　　III. Qualifications for Application

　　(1) Conditions for participating in the enterprise

　　1. Enterprises that declare in accordance with the requirements of the Notice of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce, beijing municipal commission of development and reform and Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security on Public Solicitation of the List of Employees-based Domestic Service Enterprises in Beijing (2024) (J.F.G. [2023] No.1419) and are included in the list of employees-based domestic service enterprises in Beijing (2024);

　　2. The business scope needs to include domestic service, family service, old-age care, maternal and child care, cleaning and other contents related to domestic service; The services provided should be family-oriented, and employees need to enter the homes of family members to provide care for pregnant women, infants, the elderly, patients and the disabled, as well as paid services such as cleaning and cooking to meet the needs of family life care.

　　(2) Conditions of the project organization unit

　　1. Having the qualification of an independent legal person, having experience in organizing related work and the ability to coordinate various enterprises;

　　2. Have an online platform, which can realize online order management and data analysis for Spring Festival guarantee;

　　3. Have the ability and personnel to perform this spring insurance action;

　　4. The organizing unit shall promise to arrange full-time personnel to be responsible for online platform maintenance, answering questions of domestic enterprises and solving related emergencies during the Spring Insurance Action (February 2 to February 24, 2024);

　　5. The organizing unit shall undertake to strictly keep confidential the information of domestic enterprises, domestic service personnel and customers who participate in the Spring Insurance Action, not to disclose the above information to any third party, and not to use the above information for any purpose other than this project.

　　Participating enterprises and project organizers will not be supported in the following circumstances: they are listed in the prohibited and restricted categories of the Catalogue of Prohibitions and Restrictions of New Industries in Beijing; Incorporated into the "blacklist" of joint punishment in the city; Being included in the list of bad credit records in Beijing’s commercial field and being punished by "not supporting" credit; Major production safety accidents have occurred within three years; Others that are not supported after deliberation.

　　IV. Incentive Policies and Requirements

　　During the period from February 2 to February 24, 2024 (from the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month to the 15th day of the first lunar month), domestic enterprises, according to their actual conditions, took various forms, such as holding publicity and mobilization meetings, organizing condolence activities, publicizing advanced models, distributing condolences, and distributing cash-filled red envelopes, to ensure that domestic service personnel stayed in Beijing to guarantee their services, and rewarded them according to the number of domestic service personnel who stayed in Beijing to provide services and the qualified number according to the audit results.

　　(1) Award criteria

　　1. The amount of reward for more than 2,001 qualified domestic service personnel shall not exceed 500,000 yuan;

　　2. The amount of reward for the number of qualified domestic service personnel from 1601 to 2000 shall not exceed 450,000 yuan;

　　3. The number of qualified domestic service personnel is 1,301-1,600, and the reward amount shall not exceed 350,000 yuan;

　　4. The amount of reward for the number of qualified domestic service personnel from 1001 to 1300 shall not exceed 250,000 yuan;

　　5. The number of qualified participants in domestic service is 701-1,000, and the reward amount shall not exceed 150,000 yuan;

　　6. The amount of reward for 401-700 qualified domestic service personnel shall not exceed 80,000 yuan;

　　7. The amount of reward for 201-400 qualified domestic service personnel shall not exceed 50,000 yuan;

　　8. The reward amount for 51-200 qualified domestic service personnel shall not exceed 30,000 yuan;

　　9. No reward will be given if the number of qualified domestic service personnel is 50 or less.

　　(2) Determination of the number of service personnel

　　1. Home-based domestic servants (monthly salary): domestic servants who are sent to work by the enterprises determined to participate in this spring insurance operation and have served for at least 7 days from February 2 to February 24, 2024.

　　2. Time-based domestic helpers (wages are settled by the hour): domestic helpers who are dispatched by the enterprises determined to participate in this spring insurance operation and have completed at least 7 orders (including services) from February 2 to February 24, 2024 (the service duration of a single order is not less than 3 hours).

　　（三）具体要求

　　1.家政服务订单真实有效，服务时间满足要求。

　　2.服务合同或派工单上所列信息与系统一致，具体包括：

　　（1）家政服务员身份信息一致：填报的家政服务员姓名及身份证号等信息需与服务合同、派工单等资料一致（审核时需提交服务合同或派工单及家政服务员本人身份证复印件）。

　　（2）服务地点一致：填报的服务地点与服务合同、派工单等资料一致，与系统打卡地点一致。

　　（3）服务对象姓名、服务对象电话一致：填报的服务对象姓名、服务对象电话与服务合同、派工单等资料一致。

　　3.服务合同或派工单应明确如下内容：服务对象姓名、电话，家政人员姓名、电话，服务地址（应具体到门牌号），服务内容，服务日期，服务时间段等，并加盖派工家政企业公章。

　　（四）项目组织单位

　　通过公开征集方式综合考量确定本次春保行动的组织单位，按第三方审核机构最终审定的家政服务企业奖励资金额的10%给予奖励，总金额不超过20万元。

　　五、申报材料

　　(1) Participating enterprises

　　1. Cover (Annex 1);

　　2. Relevant qualification materials (copy of business license, certificate of unified social credit code, identity certificate of legal representative, etc.);

　　3. Credit report (inquired and downloaded on the website of Credit China (Beijing));

　　4. List of all stores participating in the Spring Insurance Action and copies of business licenses;

　　5. Project organization plan;

　　6 project reporting unit commitment (Annex 2);

　　7 project reporting unit filing form (Annex 4);

　　8. Other materials related to the project.

　　(2) Project organization unit

　　1. Cover (Annex 1);

　　2. Relevant qualification materials (copy of business license, certificate of unified social credit code, identity certificate of legal representative, etc.);

　　3. Credit report (inquired and downloaded on the website of Credit China (Beijing));

　　4. Hardware and software facilities materials (online platforms, servers, computers, staffing and other related materials);

　　5. Project organization plan;

　　6 project reporting unit commitment (Annex 3);

　　7 project reporting unit filing form (Annex 4);

　　8. Other materials related to the project.

　　The project applicant must submit both paper and electronic application materials before 16: 00 on January 12, 2024 (based on the time when the paper application materials are received), and will not be accepted after the deadline. Among them, the paper version of the application materials is bound in two copies in sequence and stamped with the official seal of the company, and submitted to Room 316, Anfu Building, No.2, No.1 Hospital of Nanfangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing. The telephone numbers are 55579419, 63432818, 13811814209 and 13810593489, and the paper version of the application materials will not be returned. Electronic materials are sent to bjjx2020@163.com by e-mail.

"Online Snack Street", "Intangible Music Week" and "Intangible Online Shopping Festival" … Nowadays, many online intangible cultural heritage projects are becoming popular objects of netizens.

In recent years, with the rapid development of digital economy, the traditional industries have been constantly stimulated to change, and intangible cultural heritage has also been transformed into "online celebrity" by the express train of digital economy. In particular, the continuous introduction of relevant policies has brought unprecedented opportunities to the road of non-legacy "online celebrity". The "14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" recently released by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism emphasizes the use of short videos, live broadcasts and other new media to cultivate a number of "online celebrity" brands.

The data shows that there are nearly 900,000 intangible resources in China, but not all intangible resources are suitable for commercialization. Some "online celebrity" non-legacy projects have also caused some doubts. Some people think that they lack creativity, while others are worried about over-exploitation. This shows that non-legacy "touching the net" should balance the relationship between protection, inheritance and innovation and development, and can’t take care of one thing at a time and put the cart before the horse.

Specifically, first of all, we should take people as the core and make the non-legacy "live". Intangible cultural heritage is a people-centered live transmission, which should comprehensively consider the characteristics of non-genetic inheritors, disseminators and consumers, so as to inject more vitality into the intangible cultural heritage "online celebrity" market.

Secondly, make good use of digital media technology to make the intangible cultural heritage more "sensible". The blessing of new media such as short videos and live broadcasts can make the intangible heritage "audible", "tangible" and "taken away". However, we should also pay attention to the limitations of digital media in displaying intangible culture, and avoid making intangible brand-building stop at the surface and become a mere formality.

Finally, reasonably promote the development of non-legacy brands to make the transformation more "orderly". We should further improve the design and production level of intangible products, and at the same time, promote the transformation and upgrading of intangible brands in an orderly manner. Expand the brand influence and industrial chain of non-legacy products on the premise of maintaining the original product form and cultural essence.

Non-genetic inheritance not only needs to protect traditional skills, but also needs to continuously expand non-genetic broadcasting channels. Only by reasonably balancing the relationship between the two can the road of "online celebrity" be more stable, better and farther. (Wei Sun)

China’s Intangible Glory of the Times

—— Sidenotes on the announcement of 2020 "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Person of the Year"

Guangming Daily reporter Zhang Yuling Liu Meng

　　Lantern Festival is not only a traditional festival in China, but also a national intangible cultural heritage project. On such a special day, China’s non-legacy people welcome another year’s grand event. Guided by the Intangible Heritage Department of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, sponsored by Guangming Daily, and jointly promoted by Guangming.com and Guangming Daily, a "cultural power", the 2020 "China Intangible Heritage Person of the Year" selection campaign was announced. Ten representatives who worked hard in the intangible heritage field, such as Zhang Boli, Chen Zhenglei, Yang Rang and Chao Ge Jin, came to the front desk, telling their own intangible heritage stories and life feelings and sharing their intangible fate and cultural feelings. Sincere feelings and simple words show the unique style of the times, and let people see the great vitality of Chinese excellent traditional culture.

　　Sweep and watch more exciting.

　　The great war exam shows great strength.

　　Just the day before, he won the honorary medal of "National Advanced Individual for Poverty Alleviation" in the Great Hall of the People. The next day, he appeared in the venue of non-legacy figures. Qiao Jin Shuangmei, a county-level representative inheritor of Yi people’s hand embroidery from Daliangshan, can be described as "double happiness".

　　"This modern Yi embroidery on my body is implanted with fashion design in traditional patterns, with black, red and yellow as the main colors, and a small tricolor culture represents good luck." Qiao Jin Shuangmei’s Yi costume is a "new work" for embroidered mothers to get rid of poverty. "The story of Yi embroidery and I can’t be finished in three days and three nights. If I am grateful in my heart, I can’t finish it in three days and three nights!" After receiving the trophy of "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Person of the Year", her tone was a little excited. "Intangible cultural heritage has changed the fate of women in the mountains; A small embroidery needle has become a secret weapon to get rid of poverty and get rich. "

　　Another Song Shuixian, dressed in national costume, is a national representative inheritor of the ponytail embroidery of the Shui nationality in Guizhou. She also led the villagers to turn their ancestral embroidery skills into a golden rice bowl to get rid of poverty and get rich, and also learned to bring goods through the Internet, so that the Shui nationality embroidery can walk out of the mountains and into the lives of modern people.

　　The overall victory in getting rid of poverty and the great victory in the fight against epidemic diseases have been engraved in the annals of 2020, and they have also left a unique contribution to the world. Like Qiao Jin Shuangmei and Song Shuixian, Zhang Boli, the "people’s hero", completed the identity transformation on this stage.

　　In last year’s anti-epidemic battlefield, Academician Zhang Boli and Wuhan "treated each other with sincerity", which was touching. He has won many awards, but it is the first time that he won the award as a national representative inheritor of traditional Chinese medicine preparation methods. Because he couldn’t go to the event site on official business, Zhang Boli waited at the other end of the connection screen early. He said excitedly: "Chinese medicine participated in the fight against the epidemic all the time and played a very important role at all stages. It can be said that Chinese medicine has also become the highlight of China’s fight against the epidemic."

　　Indeed, in the soul-stirring struggle against the epidemic, ancient Chinese medicine has contributed outstanding eastern power. Data show that more than 70,000 people in COVID-19 have used traditional Chinese medicine, and the total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine is over 90%.

　　"As a big country, our science and technology progress and industry progress, so does our culture. Carrying forward traditional culture is the foundation of a big country. " Zhang Boli firmly said, "Intangible cultural heritage has important cultural value, and the annual event of intangible cultural heritage is a very meaningful activity. I am honored to receive this honor and will continue to work hard to spread the excellent Chinese culture."

　　Don’t change your mind when you are moving forward.

　　Concentrated and calm, with soft and soothing music, Chen Zhenglei, the national representative inheritor of Tai Ji Chuan (Chen Tai Ji Chuan), and his two disciples stretched their muscles, introduced the old and brought forth the new, braked by static, talked with heaven and earth with softness, and blended with nature, and showed the beauty of rigidity, charm and coordination of Tai Chi at the event site.

　　Tai Ji Chuan and the boat to send the king were officially listed in UNESCO’s representative list of human intangible cultural heritage, which became a milestone event for China in 2020. At this point, the number of human non-legacy in China has increased to 42, ranking first in the world, condensing the inheritance, persistence and dedication of generations of non-legacy people.

　　Winning the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Person of the Year" is the highest praise for Chen Zhenglei’s incessant practice and skills spread over the past 60 years. From a person, a family, leading a team, a set of boxing around the world; From Chenjiagou, Henan to more than 100 teaching points in more than 60 countries; From books only in Chinese to translated into 9 languages and published in more than 100 countries, Chen Zhenglei admits that "it is full of hardships along the way", but the "initial heart" that supports the eleventh descendant of Chen Tai Ji Chuan is: "We must carry forward Tai Ji Chuan left by our ancestors and make greater contributions to human health."

　　In October, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader wrote back to the teachers and students of China Theatre Academy, saying that people are the key to the prosperity and development of drama. In 2020, "China’s Person of the Year" was brilliant, and three "actors" on the opera stage won awards: Wang Fang, the national representative inheritor of Kunqu Opera, Yao Xuanqiu, the national representative inheritor of Chaozhou Opera, and Zhu Shihui, the national representative inheritor of Peking Opera.

　　Different plays and different performances, but the same roles are "inheritors" and have the same "initial heart": the play is bigger than the sky, and every play and every role should be performed well; It is necessary not only to sing and play on the stage, but also to take the disciples, pass them on from generation to generation.

　　In October, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader inspected Chaozhou and pointed out that Chaozhou intangible cultural heritage represented by Chaozhou embroidery, Chaozhou porcelain, Chaozhou sculpture, Chaozhou opera, congou tea and Chaozhou cuisine is a treasure of Chinese culture. "Chaozhou opera is sung in local dialects, and the story of Chaozhou opera is the story of Chaoshan people, which is deeply loved by Chaoshan people at home and abroad." Yao Xuanqiu, the 85-year-old national representative inheritor of Chaozhou Opera, has retired for more than 20 years, but he has been busy with the inheritance work. She led a group of Chaozhou opera people to make unremitting efforts to make Chaozhou opera with a history of more than 500 years more and more popular among young people.

　　Chaozhou opera is more "trendy" and clowns are not "ugly". Zhu Shihui, the "first clown in Beijing Opera", understands his role and initial intention as follows: "There are four major businesses in Beijing Opera: life, beauty, purity and ugliness, and each business has its own beauty. The clown is a comedian in Beijing Opera. We must temper and improve our performances, so that the clown can also have his own artistic beauty and bring laughter and joy to the audience. "

　　Wang Fang couldn’t come to Beijing to attend the meeting. In the remote connection, she explained the reason. "2021 is the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). We are taking the time to rehearse an original modern Su Ju" Gusu Family "and present it to the Communist Party of China (CPC) for a hundred years." Wang Fang said, "As party member, I am very happy to present a sincere birthday gift to the party on this special day; As a non-genetic inheritor, we will continue to work hard to carry forward fine traditions, persist in innovation, and do a good job in inheritance and communication! "

　　In the continuous struggle, the roots are deep and leafy.

　　"A handful of soil raised his heavy feelings, and a book recorded his hot heart. He made folk art enter the room, transcending time and space, and nourishing the hearts of Chinese people."

　　When 91-year-old Yang Xian walked slowly onto the podium with crutches, the audience gave a warm and lasting applause. Established the first folk art department in China at the Central Academy of Fine Arts; It is the first time to systematically sort out the folk culture of the Yellow River basin and write Fourteen Walks of the Yellow River-two firsts have made Yang Xian’s academic peak.

　　Why do you want to measure the mother river with your footsteps and devote yourself to folk art in the sea of Wang Yang by means of field investigation? "The society is constantly changing, and many things disappear like the tide. I am in a hurry! In the history of more than 5,000 years of civilization in China, the Yellow River Basin has more than 3,000 years, and it is the national political, economic and cultural center. The Yellow River culture has absorbed many ethnic cultures and is the most representative, so I have to go! " Yang Xianrang’s "foresight" coincides with the judgment of the Central Committee’s "Symposium on Ecological Protection and High-quality Development of the Yellow River Basin": the Yellow River with nine twists and turns rushes forward, shaping the national character of the Chinese nation’s unremitting self-improvement with indomitable majestic momentum, which is an important foundation for the Chinese nation to strengthen its cultural confidence.

　　Times make heroes, and greatness comes from the ordinary. In this year, more researchers, curators, designers, artists and entrepreneurs participated in the large-scale pattern of non-legacy work, and promoted the non-legacy cause to take root and last forever.

　　Cross-border innovation made Sun Huaibin, vice president of China National Textile and Apparel Council, the "Person of the Year in China". Textile non-legacy involves many categories, wide coverage and rich varieties, including traditional crafts such as spinning, dyeing, weaving and embroidery, and various national costumes. Sun Huaibin believes that as the textile and garment industry chain moves towards the high end, increasing the exploration of textile non-legacy resources, non-legacy fashion, industrialization and internationalization will continue to inject new vitality into the high-quality development of the textile industry.

　　Chao Ge Jin Shi, member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and director of the Institute of Ethnic Literature, has won the "China Intangible Cultural Heritage Person of the Year" for many years. In his view, intangible cultural heritage is the common people’s culture, which was often only protected by the common people themselves in history, but this practice is far from enough today: "Knowledge is being refined, and people’s understanding of traditional culture is also improving, especially the intangible cultural heritage of the international community is also worthy of attention, and it is necessary to learn from the advanced international experience and combine the characteristics of China. In this way, with the management guidance of the government, the active input of the masses, the in-depth participation of scholars, the extensive support of intermediary organizations, and the joint efforts of various forces, we can contribute to the development of non-genetic inheritance’ China Experience’ and’ China Program’. "

　　Guangming Daily (14th edition, March 1, 2021)

Another traditional paper media belongs to "silence"

On September 21st, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Daily published a closing speech on the front page, saying that it was "officially announcing the fall of another paper media". Earlier, on September 18th and 19th, the newspaper issued a notice of publication suspension for two consecutive days, saying, "According to the requirements of adjusting the orientation of newspapers and optimizing the structure of newspapers and periodicals, it was decided through research that the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Newspaper will be closed from September 21st, 2015."

On September 21st, the front page of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan newspaper was closed.

This special issue named "A Brief History of News" consists of 8 editions. In addition to publishing the closing words and displaying the front pages of 24 previous issues, several employees of the former Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Newspaper are invited to write or edit the edition, which is divided into two sections: "Xiangjiang River is not corrupt" and "Qian Shan alone".

Liu Yuan, a former executive editor-in-chief of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Daily, revealed in Weibo that on the afternoon of 20th, he made a farewell special issue with former colleagues of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Daily who rushed back from various places to see off this beloved newspaper. "We come and go with dignity."

According to public information, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Newspaper belongs to xiaoxiang morning herald Society and was renamed from the previous Hunan Economic Newspaper. It was officially launched on June 6, 2011 and distributed simultaneously in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Hunan.

More than four years later, this newspaper was fixed in the 1454th issue.

"In the past four years, it has recorded the morning dew and sunset of the city, adhering to the belief that’ Xiangjiang River does not rot my way and is not alone’, and it has promoted the civilization and progress of the city bit by bit. We used to do our best, and we tried our best. " The newspaper wrote this in its closing remarks.

In 2014, Hunan’s state-owned cultural resources were reorganized on a large scale. The Propaganda Department of Hunan Provincial Party Committee called the heads of major media and cultural enterprises in the province to announce the "Reform Plan for Deepening the Management System of State-owned Cultural Assets in the Province". According to this plan, newspapers and periodicals such as xiaoxiang morning herald, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Legal Weekly, Golden Eagle and Contemporary Business Newspaper will be placed under the management of Hunan Daily Newspaper Group Co., Ltd.

At that time, some insiders analyzed that due to the conflict in the positioning of newspapers under the Hunan Daily Newspaper Group, it was imperative for some newspapers to suspend publication.

According to the report of shanghai securities news, the basic idea of this plan, which has been brewing for nearly a year, is similar to that of Shanghai: under the premise of effective public opinion management, intensive management, specialization and large-scale production will be carried out, horizontal competition will be eliminated, and cultural media enterprises with advantages will become bigger and stronger.

In recent years, the domestic traditional paper media have accelerated their "death", and many newspapers, including Evening News, Competitive Newspaper, Daily News and Life News, have stopped publishing or closed down one after another.

CCTV News:On May 5th, WeChat official account, the "China Medicine News", issued a notice from the General Department of National Medical Products Administration on the establishment of a GAP expert working group on Chinese herbal medicines.

All provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and the drug administration of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and all relevant units:

According to the Notice of National Medical Products Administration on Printing and Distributing Several Measures to Further Strengthen the Scientific Supervision of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Promote the Inheritance, Innovation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.1 [2023] of the State Drug Administration), in order to promote the standardized development of traditional Chinese medicine, promote the orderly implementation of GAP (hereinafter referred to as GAP), strengthen the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine, promote the construction of traceability system of traditional Chinese medicine, improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine from the source, and further play the guiding and supporting role of technical experts in the industry, National Medical Products Administration decided to set up a GAP expert working group on traditional Chinese medicine.

First, the members of the expert group are composed of professionals engaged in the research, planting/breeding, harvesting and processing, quality control, quality evaluation and administration of Chinese herbal medicines. They are required to have high academic attainments and professional level, and in principle they are not over 60 years old.

Two, National Medical Products Administration is responsible for the selection, addition and replacement of members of the expert group, formulate and adjust the work responsibilities and work requirements of the expert group.

National Medical Products Administration Verification Center set up an expert group office, which is responsible for the daily work of the expert group. The members of the office are composed of relevant departments of National Medical Products Administration, relevant staff members of directly affiliated units such as the Central Inspection Institute, Pharmacopoeia Committee and Verification Center.

Three, the expert group consists of 1 leader and 3 deputy heads. The term of office of all members is five years, and the members of the expert group can be supplemented and adjusted according to the needs of work and the wishes of experts. See the annex for the list of members of the first phase expert group. The expert group leader is Huang Luqi, the executive deputy leader is Wei Jianhe, and the deputy leaders are Guo Lanping and Gao Tianbing.

IV. Following the principles of scientificity, legality, openness, impartiality and objectivity, the expert group provides technical support and decision-making suggestions for the quality and safety supervision of Chinese herbal medicine production, promotes the standardized development of Chinese herbal medicines and promotes the implementation of GAP in Chinese herbal medicines. The specific responsibilities are as follows:

(a) to provide support for National Medical Products Administration to study and formulate technical guidance documents such as technical guidelines, inspection procedures and inspection and evaluation standards to promote the implementation of GAP in Chinese herbal medicines, and directly participate in the drafting of relevant documents when necessary.

(two) to provide technical advice for National Medical Products Administration to study and improve the standardization, industrialization and moderate scale development of Chinese herbal medicines, and to strengthen the management policy of quality and safety supervision of Chinese herbal medicines.

(three) according to the arrangement of National Medical Products Administration, to participate in the supervision and inspection of the GAP conformity inspection and causal inspection of Chinese herbal medicines related to the extended inspection of Chinese herbal medicines.

(four) according to the arrangement of National Medical Products Administration, to provide technical guidance for promoting the implementation of GAP in Chinese herbal medicines throughout the country and promoting the standardized production of Chinese herbal medicines.

(five) according to the arrangement of National Medical Products Administration, to provide opinions on the major disputes that may exist in the implementation and inspection of GAP in Chinese herbal medicines.

(VI) Investigate, collect, summarize and analyze the problems and risks in the implementation, inspection and standardized production of Chinese herbal medicines, and put forward solutions to National Medical Products Administration.

(seven) other technical consulting work related to the quality management of standardized production of Chinese herbal medicines.

5. Members of the expert group shall attend meetings and GAP-related inspections of Chinese herbal medicines according to the arrangement of National Medical Products Administration; Provide specific and clear professional opinions and suggestions objectively, fairly and rigorously; Take the initiative to avoid related activities that I have an interest in; Not to participate in standardized production of Chinese herbal medicines, GAP implementation of Chinese herbal medicines and other related commercial activities in the name of members of the expert group; Undertake the obligation of confidentiality according to the law and regulations.

Six, members of the expert group have the right to independently and fully express their personal opinions and suggestions within the scope of performing their duties as members, receive corresponding labor remuneration in accordance with relevant regulations, and resign according to their own wishes.

Seven, the provincial drug regulatory authorities can be combined with the actual development of Chinese herbal medicines in their respective administrative areas, study and set up a GAP expert group of Chinese herbal medicines in their respective administrative areas, and guide and promote the standardized development of Chinese herbal medicines in their respective administrative areas.

Attachment: List of GAP Expert Working Groups of Chinese Herbal Medicine in National Medical Products Administration (Phase I)

　　"The earth is the cradle of human beings, but human beings cannot live in the cradle forever." This is the heroic words of tsiolkovsky, the father of modern rockets. So far, man has landed on the moon and looked at his home from another perspective. However, one big step for mankind is not far enough. The inability to support transportation and the lack of dry food supplies have restricted human beings from leaving the "cradle", realizing interstellar travel and sailing, and looking for "relatives" who go to the earth.

　　Of course, all this has been realized in science fiction movies — — In a series of sci-fi movies such as Avatar in Interstellar, astronauts use the technology of "freezing dormancy" to reduce the metabolism of their bodies and realize long-distance interstellar travel with less supplies. Recently, NASA officially announced that it will fund SpaceWorks in Atlanta to develop a similar "suspended animation" technology to put astronauts into a short-term frozen sleep state during the long interstellar travel.

　　In real space missions, the supply needed by human astronauts will have a direct impact on mission execution. Obviously, putting astronauts into a short-term frozen sleep state will make space travel go further and more efficient. ● Wang Tengteng, a reporter from Nanfang Daily in Beijing, planned and coordinated Zhang Zhichao.

　　1. Freezing dormancy improves the efficiency of space travel.

　　According to reports, during the interplanetary voyage, the frozen dormancy cabin designed by SpaceWorks will make astronauts enter an inert and numb state, that is, a short-term frozen dormancy state. In this state, the physiological activities of astronauts are reduced, usually manifested in the decrease of body temperature and metabolic rate. This will greatly reduce the astronauts’ demand for external materials, and then greatly reduce the supplies they carry.

　　John Bradford, CEO of SpaceWorks, said that the "suspended animation" of human astronauts has always been regarded as the best solution for long-term space flight. According to the design scheme, the sleeping cabin of SpaceWorks is very small, located near the central node or crew cabin of the spacecraft, allowing astronauts to enter and exit directly. Brad Ford said: "We believe that 4-mdash; The supply demand of six astronauts can be reduced to 5-mdash; 7 tons, not the current 20-mdash; 50 tons. The space required for the astronaut habitat is about 20 square meters, while most current designs require 200 square meters. "

　　When the astronauts are in a frozen hibernation state, they will be covered with various sensors, so that other awake astronauts can monitor their status at any time. Astronauts will get the nutrients needed to maintain human body function through total parenteral nutrition intravenous injection, which can be excreted with urine. Astronauts will sleep for 14 days under the low temperature induced by this drug, and then wake up for 2-mdash; Three-day shift change to meet the dormancy needs of other astronauts.

　　2. Cooling process or damage to cells

　　It can be seen that astronauts’ freezing and dormancy can maximize the space and load utilization of spacecraft. The key is to reduce the consumption of astronauts during flight, that is, to minimize the metabolic rate of the human body.

　　There is no doubt that low temperature can reduce the metabolic rate of living things. Animals such as frogs and snakes all hibernate to reduce their metabolic rate. However, it is worth noting that the freezing dormancy of astronauts is not the same as the "human freezing" technology used by Du Hong, a female writer in Chongqing, China. The first problem to be solved in astronaut’s freezing and dormancy technology is the damage caused by low temperature to astronauts’ life.

　　Technically, human freezing dormancy refers to freezing human to -196℃ in a very short time, stopping cell activity and prolonging human life cycle indefinitely. Theoretically, freezing dormancy can be done. But at present, from the technical point of view, human beings can’t freeze and sleep and wake them up. The main problem is that when the body temperature drops to -5℃, the water in the cells will freeze and form ice crystals. These ice crystals can penetrate the cell membrane and cause serious tissue damage. In other words, people who sleep through freezing will not be able to wake up again.

　　The mechanism of long-term preservation of cells at low temperature is that the metabolism of cells slows down rapidly at low temperature. The lower the storage temperature, the slower the metabolism and the longer the storage time. For example, the blood in the blood center is often stored at -5℃, and the storage time is generally one month. Of course, if the damage to cells caused by low temperature is not considered, the blood should be preserved for a longer time if it is stored at -196℃.

　　But cryopreservation itself can also kill cells and damage tissues. The SpaceWorks funded by NASA has not announced how to deal with these risks, but we might as well take a look at these risks and the current research on how to deal with them. These risks include both chemical damage and physical damage.

　　The main culprit of chemical damage is the oxygen we live on. Needless to say, the importance of oxygen, but its other side is to destroy the essence of life molecules through oxidative decomposition. Especially when cells actively use oxygen, they will generate a large number of free radicals which are more active than molecular oxygen. Under normal circumstances, cells use a series of enzymes to directly or indirectly combat the damage caused by oxygen and its free radicals. However, with the decrease of temperature, although the speed of destruction also decreases, the resistance ability accelerated by enzyme catalysis will also decrease sharply with the drastic decrease of enzyme activity, and the originally balanced chemical reaction will eventually fall to the destructive side. This cannot be ignored.

　　The second is physical damage, which mainly refers to the damage to cells caused by liquid freezing at extremely low temperature. According to the research of Liqun He, a professor at the Institute of Cryobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, the only way to achieve freezing dormancy is to treat each cell at low temperature. In practical application, the first step of cryopreservation of cells is to add cryoprotectant (CPA) to cells and then cool them safely. It is worth noting that the temperature is not low enough to meet the requirements of freezing dormancy, but -15℃— The low temperature process of -60℃ is fatal to cells.

　　3. The cooling process is difficult to operate.

　　Adding solute to water will lower the freezing point of water. Generally speaking, the higher the solute concentration, the lower the freezing point, so the first step of successful cryopreservation is to add appropriate CPA, and high concentration solute has osmotic damage to cells, so it should be appropriate. Since 50 years ago, a British research group accidentally discovered that glycerol is an effective cryoprotectant for sperm and red blood cells, although new CPAs, such as ethylene glycol, methanol, propylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide, are constantly emerging, and some of them are more effective, glycerol is still one of the effective CPAs.

　　According to Liqun He and others, the experiment shows that after adding CPA, the cells are dehydrated first, and the volume begins to shrink, then CPA infiltrates and the volume expands. If the concentration of CPA is too high, its volume will shrink excessively and even exceed the tolerance limit of cells, resulting in damage.

　　During the cooling process, when the temperature drops to about -5℃, the cells and transmitters around them are not frozen, and they are all in a supercooled state, at -5℃— Between -15℃, the extracellular solution begins to freeze. If it is assumed that the cell membrane prevents the ice crystals from growing into the cell, the cell is still in a supercooled state without freezing. At this time, the chemical potential of water inside the cell increases, water begins to seep out of the cell, and then freezes outside the cell, and then the reaction of the cell depends on the cooling rate. Liqun He said that if the cooling is too fast, the cells will not have enough time to maintain the osmotic pressure balance of the internal and external solutions by oozing water, so that the intracellular solutions will be too cold, and eventually the cells will start to freeze.

　　Generally speaking, cooling too fast or too slow can kill cells. At the slow cooling rate, the low-temperature damage comes from the "solution effect", which leads to severe dehydration of cells. Under rapid cooling, the low temperature damage is caused by deadly intracellular ice. For a specific cell, there must be an optimal cooling rate with the highest cell recovery rate. The cooling rate is slow enough to prevent intracellular ice and fast enough to minimize the "solution effect".

　　According to reports, in addition to the above method, there is also a cooling method to make the cytoplasm glassy at present. Using ultra-fast cooling (> 106℃/min) or using high concentration CPA, the cytoplasm will form glassy state instead of intracellular ice. However, ultra-fast cooling is technically difficult. Several CPAs that can effectively improve the cooling damage in slow cooling can also be used to promote vitrification, but the required concentration is too high and it is too toxic to cells and tissues.

　　It should be noted that the cooling rate is too high or too low relative to the water permeability of cell membrane and related to the type of cells. Different cells have different permeability to water, which leads to different optimal cooling rates for different cells. Think about it carefully, the human body is composed of countless cells, and there are many differences between brain cells and liver cells. It is very difficult to target these cells with drugs, and it needs precise control. If you don’t pay attention, you can cause irreversible damage to cells. Compared with the current difficulty of oocyte cryopreservation, sperm or blood, it is almost impossible to accurately cool different cells.

　　Whether you can wake up is the key.

　　However, it is more difficult than accurately cooling different cells to reheat them. If astronauts can’t wake up from hibernation, what’s the point of freezing hibernation? How to rewarming cells safely is the "last mile" and the key point of freezing dormancy technology.

　　As mentioned above, in the process of injecting CPA into cells to cool down, cells are easily damaged. Similarly, in the process of rewarming, CPA must be pulled out of the cell, which is also full of danger. If the CPA is excessively diluted when it is taken out, the cells will absorb too much water and expand beyond the allowable upper limit, which will also cause cell damage.

　　Liqun He said that whether the rewarming process poses a threat to the survival of cells depends first on whether the previous cooling process induces intracellular ice or cell dehydration. If there is intracellular ice, rapid rewarming can prevent ice crystals from growing and destroying cells. However, even if there is no intracellular ice formation during slow cooling, the response of cells to rewarming rate depends on freezing conditions and cell types.

　　Moreover, it is also a big problem whether the body of the astronauts after waking up will be negatively affected. When the human muscles are in a static state for a long time, their functions will inevitably deteriorate to some extent. Although the similar "suspended animation" technology developed by SpaceWorks only allows the astronauts to sleep for 14 days, I believe everyone who has experienced it knows what it feels like to lie in bed for half a month.

　　This edition of pictures: information pictures