On August 20th, the 2019 World Robotics Congress kicked off in Yizhuang, Beijing. More than 180 well-known enterprises from the global robotics field made amazing appearances with more than 700 cutting-edge products. It was not only an exposition where robots showed their talents and competed with each other, but also an exploration and practice of presenting researchers with "animals" (bionic robots), "people" (commercial robots) and "tools" (intelligent manufacturing equipment) as the innovation direction, so that

　　Big birds, jellyfish, sharks … …

　　Bionic robots are particularly dazzling.

　　Nature and science and technology seem to be two very different disciplines, but in fact they are inextricably linked. At this World Robotics Congress, "bionic robots" that imitate biology and engage in biological characteristics are particularly evident.

　　“3、2、1!” At the moment when the silver-white bird model suddenly flickered its wings and flew vigorously into the air, the audience gave out bursts of exclamation. I saw that it sometimes rotates and sometimes vibrates its arms. After dozens of seconds, it can fly back to the "master’s" arms accurately.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of festo, this intelligent flying bird was designed as a high-performance and ultra-light flying model by the R&D personnel on the basis of successfully analyzing the flight mechanism of birds. Its aerodynamic characteristics are excellent and extremely dexterous. Its wings can not only flap up and down, but also be driven to a specific angle by an active articulated torsion drive unit, and the electronic system integrated on it can accurately and efficiently control its torsion according to the wing position.

　　ROBK-SHARK intelligent bionic shark unmanned submersible developed by Boya Gongdao is also an industrial underwater fish robot platform. According to reports, it uses a three-joint bionic tail fin as the only power source, and is equipped with a 110 wide-angle and 16 times optical zoom starlight camera. The shell adopts membrane vibration sound absorption structure, which can realize underwater low noise work, thus greatly improving the concealment of the equipment.

　　Smart arms, flexible lower limbs, and brain-brain switching … …

　　Humanoid commercial robots are amazing.

　　In the development of robots, imitating human beings has always been one of the main directions. There have been many amazing achievements in the field of humanoid commercial robots.

　　German Agile Robots (Beijing Siling Robot) and Kinifinity jointly developed the wearable motion capture device (glove+coat), which can control the operation of the mechanical arm and dexterous hand freely and remotely, such as steadily grabbing the mineral water bottle and continuously pouring water into the glass. Li Yang, marketing department of Beijing Siling Robot, said that this kind of motion capture remote control equipment has been applied to related operations in space to some extent.

　　In the just-released Guoman Ne Zha, Yi Er’s equipment is mixed with Tian Ling and hot wheels, which is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Nowadays, the best friend "Little Nezha" (U06), which is similar to Yier’s actions in the field of robotics, makes its debut, and its freely coordinated movement of lower limbs is amazing. According to Liu Xuenan, CEO of Kangli Youlan, it has the ability to intelligently adapt to various complex environments through the combination of lower limb movements with wheeled gait and efficient combination of fast and slow doubles.

　　Chuangchuang, an intelligent business service robot, seems to be able to "see through" children’s temper. According to the relevant person in charge of Chuangze, its biggest feature is to take the lead in completely opening the "brain" and "cerebellum" of robots to users, so that you can quickly learn professional knowledge in various industries and become an "expert".

　　Intelligent manufacturing, warehousing and logistics, diving equipment & HELIP; …

　　Tool robot catches people’s eyes

　　Walking into the industrial robot exhibition area, the most eye-catching thing is that a complete blue intelligent robot arc welding production line is placed in the booth of Shougang in An Chuan. According to Cao Li, deputy general manager of the company, this system can be used to assemble automobile parts intelligently, accurately and efficiently.

　　The L4 logistics unmanned vehicle of Jingdong Logistics can achieve high-precision positioning at the lane level, accurately identify pedestrians, traffic signs and avoid obstacles through the deep integration of laser and vision and the use of high-precision maps. There is also its self-developed Chinese pallet access system, which mainly includes ground wolf AGV, six-axis mechanical arm and vision system, unmanned stacking forklift, four-way shuttle car and three-dimensional shelves.

　　Harbin Institute of Technology Robot Group brought a wearable underwater power backpack developed by one of its technology companies, which is novel and unique. This underwater swimming aid, which can be switched between various sports modes, has a backpack weighing 6.8kg (including battery) and a battery life of 50 minutes. Using the power generated by the electric propeller, divers can complete some difficult movements on the surface and underwater.

　　(Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, August 21st, by reporter Hualing, Liu Yuanyuan and Liu Yan)

Another institutional innovation of patent transformation and application has been comprehensively promoted!

On June 1, 2021, the newly revised patent law was implemented, and the patent open licensing system was added. This system is conducive to the realization of "one-to-many" patent licensing, reducing institutional transaction costs, improving the efficiency of patent transformation, and opening up the "last mile" of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into new quality productivity. With the newly revised Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) officially implemented on January 20th, 2024, the patent open licensing system has been fully implemented. The patentee voluntarily submits a patent opening license statement, and the patent license fee is clearly marked, which is "widely announced" to the whole society by the patent administrative department of the State Council. Any unit or individual can obtain an implementation license by notifying the patentee in writing and paying according to the marked price, and all licensees are treated equally.

Recently, China National Intellectual Property Administration issued a notice on comprehensively promoting the implementation of the patent open licensing system (hereinafter referred to as the notice) and the Measures for the Mediation of Disputes in the Implementation of Patent Open Licensing (for Trial Implementation) (hereinafter referred to as the "Working Measures") and other documents to standardize related work and further promote the implementation of the patent open licensing system.

Open license to build a patent docking bridge

"In just half a year, this patent has created an economic value of nearly 10 million yuan for us!" Hu Chenguang, general manager of Mingji Erffa Intelligent Industrial Technology (Dalian) Co., Ltd. told the reporter. This small and medium-sized enterprise located in Dalian, Liaoning Province, is committed to developing industrial robot automation technology and equipment. At the end of last year, Hu Chenguang found in the local trading center that Dalian University’s open license patent "an improved Smith predictive control method based on CRNs" met the technical requirements of enterprises, and thus cooperated with the research team of associate professor Lu Hui of Dalian University in the automatic control of biochemical systems. This patent was applied to the company’s industrial robots and automatic cleaning equipment, which greatly improved the system performance of the equipment.

"I didn’t expect to reach a cooperation so smoothly this time. We are very eager to achieve technological breakthroughs in our products. In the past, companies looking for patents faced the problems of dislocation of demand and research and unequal information, so it was difficult to find patent acquisition channels. In the patent open licensing work, publicly displaying the patents with conversion intention in colleges and universities allows us to find more good patents. " Hu Chenguang said.

This is a vivid practice for Dalian University to gain market value through patent opening license.

As early as May, 2022, China National Intellectual Property Administration launched the pilot project of patent conversion and open license. By the end of 2023, more than 3,200 patentees in 22 pilot provinces of patent opening license had participated in the pilot project, and more than 59,000 patents were matched and pushed to more than 110,000 small and medium-sized enterprises, and more than 17,000 patents were granted. Since January 20th this year, the patent opening license statement put forward by the patentee has been announced to the public through the patent bulletin after passing the examination in China National Intellectual Property Administration.

At present, 90 patents of Dalian University have been approved for announcement. "In 2022, when China launched the pilot project of patent opening license, the school actively explored this innovative measure. The patent open license allows the school to further establish a cooperative relationship with enterprises in Industry-University-Research, which more effectively promotes the wide application of technology. " Chen Huiyuan, a researcher at the Science and Technology Department of Dalian University, said that at present, more than 20 enterprises have applied to renew their contracts and explore further cooperation after transforming and applying the school open license patents.

In the statement of patent opening license issued by China National Intellectual Property Administration, many enterprises are actively carrying out patent opening license besides universities and scientific research institutions. Jingxin Communication Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jingxin Communication) is one of them.

"The company proposed a key technical solution for high-performance low-carbon life antenna, which realized the double improvement of network performance and green energy saving, and laid a technical foundation for the realization of full-band high-performance low-carbon life antenna. In order to make green antenna technology more widely and deeply applied and promoted in the industry, we screened two core technology patents for open licensing, and combined with patent technology, market, law and other factors, conducted multi-dimensional patent valuation and determined the patent open licensing fee. " Li Xuefeng, senior vice president of Jingxin Communication, told the reporter.

At present, these two patents have successfully obtained a total of 2.5 million yuan in license fees. Li Xuefeng said that the rapid application of the open license patent not only showed the core competitiveness of the company’s independent intellectual property rights, but also helped to enhance its popularity and brand value, further promoting the prosperity and win-win situation of the industry ecology.

Supporting measures to promote the efficient operation of the system

The notice issued this time and the "Working Measures" have standardized a number of tasks in the implementation of the patent open licensing system.

According to the notice, the patent open license statement will be announced to the public through the patent bulletin after passing the examination by China National Intellectual Property Administration, and the public can inquire about the announcement information such as the patent open license statement and the registration of the license through the China Patent Publication Announcement System (http://epub.cnipa.gov.cn/). Patent open license announcement data is fully open to the public through the public service system of intellectual property data resources, which is convenient for all parties to inquire, retrieve and obtain. For the patent opening license reached, the intellectual property offices of all provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions) shall supervise and guide the patentee or licensee to file with China National Intellectual Property Administration in a timely manner in accordance with relevant regulations.

With regard to the estimation of licensing fees for patent opening, which is of concern to the industry, the notice is clear. According to the provisions of the Patent Examination Guide, the licensing fees paid at a fixed fee standard are generally not higher than 20 million yuan; Paid by royalty, generally not higher than 20% of net sales or 40% of profit. If the license fee is higher than the above standard, the patentee shall be guided to license by means of ordinary license.

At the same time, the notice requires that the intellectual property offices of all provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions) should strengthen the interpretation of the national standards of the Guidelines for Patent Evaluation and the Guidelines for Estimating the Use of Open Licenses (for Trial Implementation), and guide the patentees to uphold the concept of fairness, rationality, mutual benefit and practicality, accurately grasp the "one-to-many" characteristics of open licenses and the characteristics of small amount, inclusiveness and convenience, and reasonably estimate the license fees.

Focusing on possible intellectual property disputes, the Working Measures clarify the acceptance conditions of the application for mediation of disputes in the implementation of patent open license, the documents and materials that the parties should submit, the conditions for making an acceptance decision, the circumstances of non-acceptance and the acceptance registration, etc., so as to timely resolve the disputes arising in the implementation of patent open license.

"The patent open license system aims to promote the patent transformation and application. Its core system function is to solve the problem of asymmetric supply and demand of patent license, which can effectively promote the disclosure of transaction information and reduce the transaction cost of patent license, thus promoting the patent transformation and implementation." Ma Yide, dean and professor of the School of Intellectual Property, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggested that for the innovation subject, whether the patent license is achieved depends on the docking of market supply and demand. We should fully consider the patent quality and market demand, and open the license for high-value patents that meet the market demand. For the enterprises that accept the open license, after the open license is reached, they should actively file with China National Intellectual Property Administration to maintain the priority effect of obtaining the license, so as to avoid the right holder’s punishment of the patent during the open license period, which will affect the interests of the implementers. At the same time, the declaration of open license can also enable the public to make reasonable investment planning by understanding the implementation of the open license of a specific patent, so as to avoid disorderly competition or excessive investment caused by the large number of licensees of the same patent.(Author CoCo WU)

　　Our reporter Li Muming

　　Compared with the "snarling" smog, ozone is much more "low-key" and quietly "hidden" in the clear sky of Wan Li, but it has become the culprit of atmospheric environmental pollution in many cities since it was included in the monitoring indicators in summer in recent years. Statistics of air quality in 74 cities across the country show that among all the days exceeding the standard in June 2015, the days with ozone as the primary pollutant were the most, exceeding the days with PM2.5 as the primary pollutant. In response, on July 23, Guangdong Province announced the air quality of urban environment in the second quarter of 2015, and ozone became the most common primary pollutant; According to media reports, ozone replaced PM2.5 as the primary air pollutant in nearly half of the pollution days in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei from June to August.

　　Why is PM2.5, which is well known and concerned by the public, "surpassed" by ozone? What harm does ozone do to human body?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　1. "Low-key" ozone is more terrible than PM2.5

　　Experts believe that the invisible pollution of ozone should not be underestimated, and comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent it, just like smog.

　　"In fact, ozone pollution has become a new environmental protection issue that plagues the whole country." Wang Yuesi, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said. At present, from a national perspective, there is one peak of ozone pollution in the north, while there are two peaks in the south every year. Even Xinjiang, Tibet and other regions are facing ozone pollution problems.

　　Compared with physical pollution such as black and smelly water pollution, yellow and black smoke pollution with pungent smell, and smog pollution mixed with fine particles, the public and even the environmental protection department have always taken colorless and odorless ozone pollution lightly.

　　But ozone is actually more terrible than PM2.5

　　Ozone can react with almost any biological tissue and is very destructive to the respiratory tract. According to the Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS), "ozone can irritate and damage the nasal mucosa and respiratory tract, which can cause chest tightness, cough, sore throat, asthma, aggravation of upper respiratory tract diseases, and may also lead to weakened lung function, emphysema and lung tissue damage, and these injuries are often irreparable." Therefore, for people with asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis, as long as they are exposed to low-concentration ozone, they may have obvious harm.

　　Similarly, ozone can also irritate the eyes, reducing visual sensitivity and vision. It will also destroy vitamin E in the skin and make the skin wrinkle and black spots. When the ozone concentration is above 200 μ g/m3, it will damage the central nervous system, causing headaches, chest pains and decreased thinking ability.

　　In addition, ozone will hinder the function of blood oxygen transmission, resulting in tissue hypoxia; Impairment of thyroid function and calcification of bones. Professor Paul Wentworth of Scripps Institute of Applied Science in the United States has done research and found that ozone can destroy the immune function of human body, induce chromosome aberration of lymphocytes, damage the activity of some enzymes and produce hemolytic reaction.

　　Even for plants, ozone is not a welcome good thing. Biologists from the University of Valencia, Spain, published a paper in 2006, suggesting that ozone will reduce the concentration of chlorophyll, carotenoids and carbohydrates in plants, which will affect photosynthesis and thus reduce the yield of crops.

　　2. The most dangerous population: pregnant women and children.

　　Because the proportion of ozone is about 1.66 times that of air, it often gathers in the lower space, so small children are the most direct victims.

　　Scientists in Southern California have conducted a five-year follow-up survey on 3,535 children aged 10 to 16, and found that in areas with high ozone concentration (the annual average concentration is between 112 and 138μg/m3), the incidence of asthma in children who often play three or four kinds of sports is twice as high as that in children who do not exercise. Especially, children with low birth weight or premature infants are more likely to be affected by ozone.

　　If the pregnant woman is exposed to ozone during pregnancy, the baby born may have congenital blepharoptosis (also called congenital microphthalmia, which is usually caused by the unsatisfactory development of fetal eyeball during the third month of pregnancy).

　　Another study called AHSMOG is aimed at adults. This study, which began in 1977, followed up 3091 adult non-smoking Americans aged 27-87 for 15 years. The results showed that men who were often exposed to ozone showed symptoms of lung damage. In addition, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer were closely related to long-term exposure to ozone.

　　3. The most dangerous place: the aircraft cabin.

　　Since ozone is so harmful, when is its high incidence?

　　According to the "State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry" of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the timeliness and seasonality of ozone are obvious. The ozone concentration is very low in the early morning. After 8 o’clock, with more and more waste gas forming ozone and longer sunshine time, the ozone concentration gradually increases, reaching the peak between 14 o’clock and 16 o’clock, then slowly decreasing, and finally returning to the lowest state after 8 o’clock in the evening. During the year, the peak of ozone concentration is concentrated in summer. During this period, the formation of ozone can be described as "the right time, the right place and the right people": strong sunshine, less clouds and weak wind. This is the reason why people have throat, eyes and nose discomfort when they play when it seems sunny.

　　In terms of regional distribution, the ozone concentration in urban suburbs and scenic spots is often higher than that in the city center, especially when the suburbs are in the downwind of the city. In this regard, the experts’ explanation is that ozone is particularly lively and will continue to react with other pollutants after it is formed. Therefore, the increasing pollution discharge in the city center will temporarily "eat" ozone, turn it into other pollutants, and then drift to the suburbs with the wind and change it back into ozone. That is to say, even if the ozone concentration measured in the urban area is better than that in the suburbs, there is nothing to be proud of, which mostly shows that there are too many other pollutants in the urban area, which temporarily mutates the ozone.

　　The urban area is also polluted, and the scenic spots in the suburbs can’t escape. Where else can we stay? The advice of the World Health Organization (WHO) is: "Try not to expect to be outdoors when the ozone is high."

　　According to the test of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the ozone concentration indoors is generally 50% lower than that outdoors. If the room is well sealed and air conditioning system is adopted, the ozone concentration will be even lower. However, sparks from motor operation, xerography and the working process of TV set will turn some oxygen in the air into ozone. Therefore, mechanical and electrical rooms, electrostatic copier rooms, computer rooms, etc. are all places with high ozone incidence, but attention should be paid to ventilation.

　　There is also an "indoor" where ozone is concentrated-the airplane cockpit. The ozone in the engine room mainly comes from the atmospheric environment, and the ozone layer is mainly distributed in the atmosphere at an altitude of 10 km to 50 km, while the flying height of civil aircraft is generally 7 km to 12 km.

　　Modern large passenger planes are equipped with ozone removal systems, but it is still impossible to kill them all. The Canadian side has tested that when the Boeing plane flies at an altitude of 11,895 meters, the external ozone concentration is 3.57mg/m3, and the ozone concentration in the aircraft cabin is 0.29mg/m3. According to a survey funded by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the ozone content in the cockpit of Boeing 747, 727, 737, DC10 and DC9 is relatively high, and the ozone content in the cockpit of long-range aircraft is higher than that of short-haul aircraft. The leader of this survey is William nazarov, an environmental engineer at the University of California. He believes that the solution to the ozone problem in the cockpit is simple, that is, adding an ozone converter to the aircraft. "Unfortunately, not all airlines have this awareness, especially for old and small aircraft. Airlines are more concerned about flight safety."

　　4. How does ozone pollution come about?

　　Due to the increasingly obvious harm of ozone, the international safety standards for ozone are becoming stricter and stricter. The "maximum 8-hour daily average" of ozone stipulated by the European Union has dropped to 60nmol/mol (about 120 μ g/m3) in 2010, and the average number of days in a year cannot exceed this standard for more than 25 days. China’s newly revised Ambient Air Quality Standard in 2012 also added the ozone control standard: the daily maximum 8-hour average value is 100 μ g/m3 for Grade I and 160 μ g/m3 for Grade II.

　　However, it is impossible to assign a general safety value to everyone. "Personal physique, exercise frequency, time spent outdoors, and other pollutants in the air will all affect the harm degree of ozone, which is the headache for the research department." Professor Jerry Martin from the School of Public Health of the University of California explained, "More and more studies have proved that even if the ozone concentration is low, if the human body is exposed for a long time (6-8 hours), the harm will be equally serious. Moreover, ozone will also work in conjunction with other pollutants. For example, ozone will enhance the harm of PM (inhalable particulate matter) to the human body, and PM will also enhance the harm of ozone. "　　　　

　　"It is better to call it photochemical pollution than ozone pollution. Primary pollutants, such as volatile organic pollutants (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are discharged into the atmosphere by pollution sources such as automobiles and factories, absorb the energy of sunlight under strong ultraviolet irradiation, so that the original chemical chain is destroyed and photochemical reactions occur, resulting in secondary pollutants such as ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The mixture of primary pollutants and secondary pollutants involved in the photochemical reaction process is called photochemical smog. Ozone is the main component of photochemical smog. When people monitor these pollutants, ozone concentration is also the most important indicator. " China Meteorological Bureau introduced this in its official blog.

　　5. The governance is difficult, and the top-level design needs to be strengthened.

　　Ozone pollution is an international topic. After decades of treatment in Los Angeles, the situation has greatly improved, but ozone still exceeds the standard for several days every year. Different from the single ozone pollution in the United States, ozone and PM2.5 are intertwined and interact in China, and it is just starting, so it is more difficult to control.

　　At the same time, it is not easy to monitor ozone. Wen Yanping, director of Taiyuan Environmental Monitoring Center, said that volatile organic compounds are one of the important precursors of ozone. However, the monitoring work has just started, and its sources and emissions are still in the stage of research and analysis, investigation and research, and its control is also in a state of no standard in the country, immature technology and conscious enterprise.

　　In addition, ozone monitoring does not have standard gas like sulfur dioxide, so it can easily check the error of monitoring equipment, and it can only take the equipment to Shanghai and other cities to "test the equipment with equipment", which will affect the monitoring of ozone.

　　Comprehensive control measures of ozone pollution need further research and exploration. Wang Yuesi said that the formation mechanism of ozone is a nonlinear process. Precursors, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which can promote ozone generation, must be treated first to control ozone. However, the atmospheric ozone concentration will be effectively reduced only if it is reduced in proportion, which is not easy to handle at present. If only one kind is reduced, it is possible that the ozone concentration will increase instead.

　　The Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan issued by the State Council in 2013 clearly stated that it is necessary to "strengthen the research on the formation mechanism, source analysis, migration law, monitoring and early warning of haze and ozone, and provide scientific support for pollution control". Experts in the industry believe that governments at all levels must attach great importance to ozone pollution, a new environmental protection topic, and should take comprehensive control measures on the basis of strengthening basic research and top-level design.

　　Environmental experts say that ozone prevention and control first needs top-level design. Chai Fahe, vice president of china environmental science Research Institute, and others believe that ozone precursors should be included in the national emission reduction targets, and a total control plan for volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides should be formulated. Chai Fahe said that ozone precursor is also a kind of precursor of PM2.5 secondary particles. Ozone and PM2.5 treatment should be combined, and comprehensive consideration should not be made. In addition, since ozone pollution is a photochemical pollution, the pollution is aggravated when the temperature is high, so ozone should also be considered when considering global warming.

　　Wang Yuesi also suggested the implementation of comprehensive regional management. Ozone precursors are highly mobile substances, and nitrogen oxides produced in one area may not be felt by local people, but float to other places to form ozone. The effect of ozone control in a single city will not be too obvious, and regional prevention and control mechanisms should be established in areas with serious ozone pollution such as five provinces in North China, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.

　　Chai Fahe said that the proportion of ozone precursors is different in different places, and even in the same city, the proportion between urban and suburban areas is different. All localities should make clear the ozone formation mechanism in different places, and find out the specific proportion of ozone precursors and the location of emission sources through monitoring, so as to "prescribe the right medicine". And this work needs the cooperation of environmental protection departments and scientific research institutions.

　　Experts also believe that from the technical level, the focus of ozone precursor control should be on "vehicles, oil, roads and factories": improving automobile exhaust emission standards, improving automobile exhaust devices and reducing emissions; Improve fuel quality; At the same time, gradually switch buses and taxis to gas; Control traffic congestion; Eliminate backward production capacity and control nitrogen oxides and volatiles emitted by coal-fired power plants, cement, coatings, ink printing plants and other enterprises.

　　Top-level design doesn’t mean that it has nothing to do with the general public. Do a little thing that everyone can do to protect the health of themselves and their families. The development of human society will always rise in a spiral curve. As long as we don’t escape and give up, there are always more ways than problems.

　　◆ Small information

　　Ozone is just one word short of oxygen that sustains human life, and one more o, but it is the difference between graphite and diamond. Yes, these two groups of things, which are as different as heaven and earth, are allotropes, that is, simple substances made of the same single chemical element but with different properties.

　　Because there is one more oxygen atom than oxygen, ozone is more oxidizing than oxygen. What is oxidation? The cut apple will turn brown after a while because it is oxidized by oxygen in the air; The girls’ tender faces are getting older day by day, which is the result of her body oxidation. Ozone is more oxidizing than oxygen. To what extent? Have you smelled chlorine in tap water and swimming pool? That’s for disinfection. It needs to be disinfected with ozone, which is stronger than chlorine. Therefore, the upper floors of household disinfection cabinets are disinfected by ozone.

　　Walking on the busy streets, we sometimes feel that the air is light brown with a pungent smell, which is commonly called photochemical smog, and ozone is one of the most important components in it. There are a lot of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in automobile exhaust and factory smoke, which combine with oxygen in the air and form ozone under the catalysis of sunlight radiation and temperature.　

　　It has been half a month since the normalization of nucleic acid screening in various places. As the weather turns hot, the work of nucleic acid sampling and sample transportation becomes more difficult. Experts said that although the working environment is even worse, especially for some outdoor sampling points, the sample collection, storage and transshipment work should still be carried out in accordance with the specifications and should not be slack.

　　Battery car transfer sample

　　June 15th is the first hot day since Shanghai entered Mei, with the temperature climbing to 36 degrees and the outdoor ground temperature even higher. The first financial reporter saw in an open-air nucleic acid detection point in Shanghai that the temporary tent could not stop the scorching sun, and the sampling personnel wore protective clothing, and their faces were sweating, while there were no electric fans or cooled ice cubes outdoors. Also exposed to the scorching sun are tubes of nucleic acid reagent samples being collected.

　　The sampling time at this sampling point is from 1: 00 to 4: 00 in the afternoon. After the sampling stopped at 4: 00, the staff put the last batch of samples into a suitcase-sized small refrigerator, which was close to 4: 30. A courier arrived at the testing point by car battery car, ready to take them away.

　　I saw that the picker opened the refrigerator and hastily stuffed nearly 20 tubes of nucleic acid reagents in sealed bags into black shoulder bags, while the battery car was filled with yellow medical waste bags collected from multiple inspection points.

　　Now he will carry the samples and medical wastes to a nearby "transfer station", and then these uniformly collected samples will be transferred to the designated testing laboratory by special vehicles. He claimed that this was the sixth time he had transshipped samples today, three times in the morning and three times in the afternoon, thus ending the six-hour working day agreed in the contract.

　　According to the transshipman, the point where he collects samples every day is not completely fixed, and sometimes an extra sampling point is added temporarily, which leads to the delay of his arrival at the next point, so the actual working time is more than 6 hours.

　　A sampler of normalized nucleic acid kiosks told the First Financial Reporter that in principle, a batch of samples will be transported away every hour, but in practice, the time is not so fixed, mainly depending on whether there are enough people to transport them. Their main tool is a battery car, which transports the reagents collected from several nearby testing points to the assembly point and then sends them to the testing laboratory by special car.

　　However, for the above process, an infectious disease expert with rich field sampling experience said that this sample processing method is worrying, and the sample storage and transshipment are very inconsistent with the basic norms.

　　"We who do infectious diseases know that the most important thing is that all operations must be carried out in strict accordance with norms and standards. The storage temperature and transfer time of nucleic acid samples have strict standardized processes, which is definitely not convenient." The above experts told the First Financial Reporter.

　　The guide has clearly stipulated.

　　The Implementation Guide for COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing Organization (Second Edition) clearly stipulates the preservation and transportation of samples, which should be kept at low temperature (2-8 degrees Celsius). In principle, samples should be collected every 2 hours for transportation, and the samples should be delivered to the laboratory 4 hours after collection.

　　On the basis of the above guidelines, Shanghai has further put forward "126" requirements for nucleic acid testing institutions, that is, collecting and transporting a batch of samples every hour, transporting the samples to the testing institutions in 2 hours by vehicles, and completing the testing in the laboratory within 6 hours. In terms of sample transfer, the time requirement is reduced by half compared with the guideline, but in fact, it is very difficult to achieve such a goal. If the sample is not transferred in time, it will not only affect the quality of the sample, but also affect the waiting time for detection.

　　In this regard, the above-mentioned infectious disease experts told the First Financial Reporter: "Since there are norms, it should be strictly implemented in accordance with the norms. For example, it is stipulated that samples should be shipped every hour or two, and someone should come to pick them up when they arrive, instead of seeing that there are enough people to pick them up. If not, just wait."

　　The expert also warned that as the weather gets hotter, if the nucleic acid reagent cannot be stored at low temperature in time during transportation, or exposed to the sun for a long time, it will increase the risk of inaccurate nucleic acid test results.

　　He told the First Financial Reporter: "You should know that ribonuclease is ubiquitous. It exists in the air and anywhere. When you open the lid of the nucleic acid test tube, it may enter the test tube. At the temperature above 37 degrees, Rnase will easily degrade RNA, and the whole process only takes 10-15 minutes. If there is a very low virus load in the test tube, it will be diluted after ten mixes.

　　According to the observation of the first financial reporter at some nucleic acid detection points, in some mixed-tube tests, the actions that do not meet the operating standards include picking a person without screwing on the cover, which also increases the risk of exposing the sample to the air.

　　The above experts added that although adding some components, such as diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), to the reagent can help to inhibit Rnase, these components will increase the cost of the reagent, and standard nucleic acid reagents are generally not added. "The easiest way is to keep it at low temperature and transport it in time. Even using ice cubes to cool down is helpful. Ice cubes have no cost and can be reused." He told the first financial reporter.

　　He also stressed that the basic operation in transferring samples is to put the samples into two-layer sealed packages and avoid the test tubes from tipping, so as to prevent the reagent from leaking and polluting other samples because the cover is not tightened.

　　Professor Lu Hongzhou, president of Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, told the First Financial Reporter: "The best way to solve this problem is to collect samples regularly."

　　Professor Shen Hanming, an expert in cell biology at the University of Macau, told CBN: "In theory, there is a protective solution in nucleic acid reagents, and some components can inhibit RNA degradation to a certain extent, but even so, in principle, reagents should not be stored at room temperature and high temperature for a long time."

　　In order to activate the new kinetic energy of high-quality development of township economy, and further consolidate the effective connection between the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, Nankang District of Ganzhou City takes "a prosperous town for the people" as the goal, takes economic development as the main line, takes the development of private economy as the starting point, and focuses on key tasks such as enterprise cultivation, industrial transformation and upgrading, and financial system reform, so as to give full play to the positive role of fiscal policy, fully improve the level of township economic development, and promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of township economy.

　　First, focus on supporting and promoting the first industry.Focusing on the first industry of modern home furnishing, we will improve quality and efficiency, play a positive role in fiscal policy, better guide all towns (streets) to adhere to standards guidance and innovation drive, manage and operate furniture gathering areas, actively promote the overall improvement of environmental protection, fire protection and safety production in the region, and further promote the transformation and upgrading of the first industry of home furnishing.

　　The second is to vigorously cultivate and expand market players.Support each township (street) to cultivate new leisure agriculture such as industrial enterprises above designated size and farmhouse music based on local characteristics. Strengthen departmental cooperation, increase policy propaganda, optimize the approval process, actively guide foreign business workers to return home to start businesses, and continuously enhance the new kinetic energy of town economic development.

　　The third is to deepen the pilot reform of the township financial system.Implement the relevant arrangements for the reform of the financial system below the provincial level, in accordance with the principle of "checking revenue and expenditure, striving for self-balance, and encouraging development", and on the basis of scientifically delineating the base of township financial revenue and expenditure, further clarify the scope and sharing ratio of district and township income, standardize the sharing of surplus income, give full play to the financial enthusiasm of district and township levels, and strengthen the guarantee ability of financial assistance to township economic development.

　　In addition, policies and measures should be refined in promoting new urbanization, and performance appraisal should be increased to ensure the sustained and healthy development of township economy.

CCTV News:Tomorrow (June 22nd) is the Dragon Boat Festival holiday. The reporter learned from china tourism academy that this year’s Dragon Boat Festival holiday, the number of tourists is expected to exceed the level of the same period in 2019, reaching 100 million, and the holiday trips will mainly focus on Zhou Bianyou and short-distance tours.

Following the unexpected release of the "May Day" labor holiday tourism demand, the market demand for Dragon Boat Festival holiday tourism is in a warm period. The reporter learned from a number of platforms that during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday this year, the average price of hotels and air tickets in China and many popular destinations will be lower than that during the May Day holiday. Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Qingdao will become popular tourist destinations in China.

Dai Bin, Dean of china tourism academy:We predict that there will be 100 million people traveling during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday this year, and there will be 37 billion yuan in tourism consumption. What does this data mean? This means that compared with the same period last year, the number of tourists will increase by 30%, while tourism consumption will increase by 43%.

China tourism academy predicted that tourists from Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations will circulate and interact, and a "three-hour golden tourism circle" will be formed around major tourist cities, and the popularity of tourist resorts such as Beidaihe, Songshan and Conghua will gradually become apparent.

Dai Bin, Dean of china tourism academy:Because (Dragon Boat Festival holiday) only lasts for three days, compared with "May 1" Labor Day (holiday), it is mainly short-distance travel, mainly in Zhou Bianyou; Self-driving, individual travel, family, parent-child, study and summer vacation will become the key words of holiday travel.

Shunde, Guangdong: Colorful boats compete for beauty to welcome the Dragon Boat Festival "Night Dragon Tour"

It is also a traditional festival of Dragon Boat Festival, with dumplings and dragon boat races, which has long been a lively scene all over the country. This year, the dragon boat race held in Shunde is unique and eye-catching. What kind of dragon boat race is it? Now let’s take a look with the reporters at the reception desk.

General Station reporter Qu Baiyu:This is Ronggui Street in Shunde, Guangdong. Usually, people watch dragon boats faster than others. Today, I want to show you Bimei.

At the competition site, gongs and drums were loud, waves splashed and dragon boats fought brightly. Ten dragon boats from various clubs in Rong Gui decorated their bodies with gongs and drums, umbrellas and colored lights, and they "dressed up" for a trip to show their slender posture. "Night Dragon Tour" is rare in Guangdong, which is a unique feature of traditional dragon boat culture in Rong Gui. Different from the traditional Youlong, the night dragon with lights in Rong Gui not only retains traditional elements such as gongs, drums and umbrellas, but also uses LED lights to decorate the dragon boat, innovating the form of dragon boat competition, and skillfully blending water, lights and music.

Putian, Fujian: colorful folk customs of "dragon boat climbing" at sea welcome the Dragon Boat Festival.

As the Dragon Boat Festival approaches, Fujian will carry out special folk activities in many places. These two days, in Dongpu Town, Putian City, a huge sea dragon boat race was staged.

In Putian, Fujian, dragon boat racing is also called "dragon climbing boat". On the morning of 19th, Jicheng Village, Dongpu Town, Putian City ushered in a lively Dragon Boat Climbing. On the sea, the dragon boat players follow the rhythm of drums and raise their arms to paddle hard. On the beach, citizens and tourists shouted for fun, and the scene was crowded and lively.

Tourist Liao Kajia:I like watching the Dragon Boat Festival in China very much, because it is very lively and crowded, and it is very comfortable to watch together.

According to reports, during the Dragon Boat Festival, in addition to the dragon boat race at sea, villagers in Jicheng Village will also hold dragon dances and flower drums, and the folk performance team consisting of thousands of people will stretch for miles, which is very spectacular.

Putian citizen Li Jianhuang:We rushed back to our hometown from Yunnan for the traditional Dragon Boat Festival, and we were very happy. One is to unite everyone’s cohesion, and the other is to carry forward traditional culture.

It is understood that Putian has a wide range of rivers and waters, and the Dragon Boat Festival is the most important local folk activity every year. This year, Putian Dragon Boat Race Folk Games will span many counties and districts and will last until the beginning of July.

Henan Dragon Boat Festival: Drum-beating and Paddling Dragon Boat Race for the Dragon Boat Festival.

With the approach of the Dragon Boat Festival, a Dragon Boat Culture Festival was held in Zhumadian City, Henan Province these days, and everyone welcomed the Dragon Boat Festival by way of dragon boat race.

At the Dragon Boat Culture Festival in Zhumadian City, Henan Province, the 200-meter straight race and the 300-meter straight race were set up in the dragon boat competition. On the field, drums were rumbling and cheering, and Qi Xin, a 12-player dragon boat team, joined forces to paddle and cut waves and compete. The dragon boat race attracted many citizens and tourists to watch it. People took pictures by video and recorded wonderful moments.

Meng Xin ‘ai, a citizen of Zhumadian, Henan:Everyone wants to stick to the traditional culture, so everyone is very supportive of this movement and hopes to hold more such activities in the traditional culture in the future.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, August 24th(International observation) How to talk about honesty after a long period of planning — — Before and after Japan’s decision to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　According to the decision of the Japanese government, Fukushima nuclear polluted water began to be discharged into the sea on August 24. This sewage disposal process will last for decades.

　　Tracing back to the whole process of Japan’s decision to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea, we can clearly see that discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea is its long-planned "established policy", which is an out-and-out violation of international law and an extremely selfish and irresponsible state act. As a result, the cost of handling the Fukushima nuclear accident will be passed on to the whole world.

　　Nuclear polluted water has been discharged into the sea for a long time

　　Since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant suffered a serious accident in March 2011, a large amount of high-concentration nuclear polluted water has been produced every day due to the cooling of the melted core with water and the flow of rainwater and groundwater. In April 2011, Tokyo Electric Power Company, the operator of the nuclear power plant, deliberately discharged nuclear polluted water into the sea, which aroused great concern and concern in society. In December of the same year, TEPCO said that it had formulated a plan to discharge "low-concentration polluted water" into the sea.

　　In March 2013, TEPCO’s key facility "Multi-nuclide Treatment System" (ALPS) was put into trial operation, but since then, there have been many problems: frequent water leakage, and radioactive substances such as strontium in the treated water still exceeded the standard in 2018. In 2021, it was found that nearly half of the filter screen of the exhaust port for adsorbing radioactive substances was damaged & HELIP; …

　　Since ALPS was put into operation, Japan has called the treated nuclear polluted water "treated water". In fact, of the more than 1.34 million cubic meters of nuclear polluted water in the storage tank of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, more than 1.33 million cubic meters have been treated by ALPS, but only about 30% have reached the standard of "treated water" defined by TEPCO, and the so-called "treated process water" that fails to meet the standard accounts for about 70%. Another 9,000 cubic meters of nuclear polluted water has not been treated by ALPS.

　　And how to solve the final destination of these "treated water"?

　　As early as December 2013, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan’s nuclear energy authority, set up a working group to conduct technical discussions on the discharge of "treated water". In June 2016, the working group released a report saying that after the evaluation of five methods, such as ocean discharge, underground burial (adding cement and then burying it underground), stratum injection (injecting it into the depth of stratum by pipeline), steam release (vaporizing it into water vapor and discharging it into the atmosphere) and hydrogen release (electrolyzing it into hydrogen and discharging it into the atmosphere), it is the "lowest cost" method to dilute the "treated water" and discharge it into the sea.

　　This report set the tone for the later sea discharge plan, but it was strongly opposed by Japanese organizations such as agriculture, forestry and fisheries after its publication. Even Masayoshi Yoshino, then Japan’s minister of recovery, said that he opposed the treatment of nuclear pollution into the sea.

　　However, TEPCO and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry have clearly regarded the sea-discharging plan as an "established policy". In July 2017, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry held the "Local Coordination Meeting on Waste Furnace and Pollution Water Countermeasures" in Fukushima City, posing as a gesture of consultation with the local authorities. However, before the meeting, the then president of TEPCO, Takashi Kawamura, claimed to the media that TEPCO had "made a judgment" on discharging the sea, which caused widespread social dissatisfaction.

　　In order to convince the public, the Japanese government set up a committee with experts in related fields. In August 2018, the Committee held hearings in Fukushima and Tokyo, nominally to listen to the opinions of the people, but in fact it was to endorse the sea exclusion plan. At the hearing, Toyoda, then chairman of the Japan Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission, said that "discharging the sea is the only feasible option" was questioned by all parties. For example, in response to the problem of pollution water storage capacity and lack of open space raised by TEPCO, some people pointed out that 100,000-ton large-scale oil storage tanks can be considered, and the Fukushima Second Nuclear Power Plant, which has identified waste furnaces, can be used for open space. In view of the technical difficulty of nuclear pollution water treatment, it is suggested that the water vapor emission method used in the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear accident in the United States can be adopted. It is also pointed out that the separation technology of radioactive element tritium which cannot be removed by ALPS is under study and should be discharged after the technology is mature and applied.

　　However, in February, 2020, the above-mentioned committee published a report saying that there are "many problems" in formation injection, underground burial and hydrogen release, and that sea discharge and steam release with precedents are the "realistic options", while emphasizing that sea discharge has "many benefits" over steam release.

　　In April 2021, the Japanese government unilaterally announced that it would discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea in 2023, ignoring domestic and foreign objections. Since then, the preparatory work for sea discharge has begun to advance in full swing: in December 2021, TEPCO submitted a construction plan for water discharge equipment to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission; In July 2022, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission approved the plan; On January 13 this year, the Japanese government confirmed that it will implement the sea discharge in the "spring and summer"; On June 26, TEPCO announced the completion of the construction of sea discharge equipment; On July 7, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Commission delivered the "Certificate of Acceptance" of the sea discharge facilities to TEPCO.

　　Self-directed and self-performed "authoritative certification"

　　On July 4th this year, Grossi, Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), visited Japan and submitted a comprehensive assessment report on the disposal of nuclear polluted water in Fukushima to Japanese Prime Minister kishida fumio. According to the report, Japan’s sea-discharging scheme is generally "in line with international safety standards", so Japan claims that the safety of the scheme has obtained "authoritative certification".

　　However, there are many questions about the fairness and scientificity of this report.

　　First of all, the Japanese side first made a decision to discharge the sea, and then entrusted IAEA to make a safety assessment. Obviously, the purpose is not to find a scientific and reasonable solution, but to use the agency to endorse the sea discharge plan.

　　According to the contents of the report, after the Japanese government announced the decision to discharge the sea in April 2021, it signed an "authorization agreement" with IAEA in July of the same year to entrust "evaluating the safety of ALPS water treatment". The evaluation object is only limited to the sea discharge scheme and does not involve other schemes. This means that the evaluation conclusion cannot prove that the sea discharge scheme is the safest and most reliable scheme.

　　Secondly, before Japan officially authorized the IAEA evaluation, it had already started the relevant layout around the "certification card".

　　In April 2013, shortly after ALPS was put into trial operation, the Japanese government invited an IAEA delegation to Fukushima. The delegation released a report a month later, suggesting that Japan start to study the emission problem. At that time, the Director-General of IAEA was the Japanese Amano. In December 2019, Grossi succeeded Amano as the Director General of IAEA, and Japan continued to work for IAEA. In March 2021, Hiroshi Daiyama, then Japan’s Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, held talks with Grossi, requesting the IAEA to provide support for Japan in eliminating the "reputation damage" caused by nuclear pollution water discharge. On April 14th of the same year, the day after the Japanese government announced its decision to expel the sea, Hiroshi Daishan met with Grossi again, requesting IAEA’s support in environmental monitoring and explaining to the international community.

　　"Tokyo News" reported that in the past, the Japanese government paid a huge share of expenses and other payments to the IAEA, and many departments of the Japanese government sent personnel to the IAEA. These factors will inevitably have an impact on the IAEA’s assessment of the safety of Japan’s nuclear pollution water discharge plan.

　　Members of the Common Democratic Party, the largest opposition party in South Korea, pointed out in a meeting with Grossi on July 9 that it is very regrettable that IAEA did not follow the principles of neutrality and objectivity, catered to Japan’s position of discharging nuclear pollution into the sea from beginning to end, and rushed to a conclusion regardless of the impact of this practice on neighboring countries.

　　Thirdly, at the beginning of the IAEA evaluation report, it is emphasized that the opinions in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of IAEA member States, and the report is not a recommendation or endorsement of Japan’s sea discharge plan, and IAEA and its member States are not responsible for any consequences caused by the report. This disclaimer clearly shows that the report cannot represent the opinions of the international community, nor can it prove the legitimacy and legality of Japan’s plan to discharge the sea.

　　Experts from China who participated in IAEA’s technical working group on the evaluation of Fukushima’s "ALPS treated water" for sea discharge — — Researcher Liu Senlin of China Institute of Atomic Energy told the media that the IAEA secretariat had asked for the expert opinions of the technical working group on the draft evaluation report, but the time window left for the experts was very limited, and the expert opinions were for reference only, so it was up to the IAEA secretariat to decide whether to adopt them. After receiving the feedback, the IAEA secretariat hastily released the report without discussing and negotiating with experts from all sides on the revision of the report and the adoption of opinions.

　　Li Song, China’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations and other international organizations in Vienna and Permanent Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency, pointed out that the conclusion of the IAEA report on the safety of Japan’s sea discharge program is one-sided and lacks persuasiveness and credibility. Due to the limitation of authorization, the agency failed to assess the long-term effectiveness of the Japanese purification device, to confirm the authenticity and accuracy of the data of nuclear polluted water, to ensure that the international community can grasp the situation of excessive discharge in time, and to predict the impact of long-term accumulation and enrichment of radionuclides on the marine ecological environment, food safety and public health. "Without confirmation of accurate data, reliable equipment and effective supervision, it is impossible to draw the conclusion that it is safe to discharge more than 1.3 million tons of nuclear polluted water into the ocean within 30 years."

　　Pretending to be a show, worrying about integrity

　　The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has a marine life breeding room, which keeps the common flounder along the coast of Fukushima. One of the tanks is ordinary seawater, and the other is treated nuclear polluted water, which is called "treated water".

　　From a scientific point of view, experts and environmental protection organizations have many doubts about the nuclear pollution water treatment and other related data provided by TEPCO.

　　Professor ferenc Dalnoki-Veres, an expert in nuclear physics at Middlebury Institute of International Studies in the United States, pointed out that the data provided by Japan were "incomplete, incorrect, inconsistent and one-sided". The Japanese environmental protection group "FoE Japan" pointed out various problems in TEPCO’s statement about "treating water": some radioactive elements such as iodine 129 and strontium 90 still exceeded the standard after being "treated" by ALPS; The water samples detected by TEPCO so far only account for 3% of the stored polluted water, and the test results provided by TEPCO are not representative. The "treated water" in Fukushima is in direct contact with the melted core and cannot be compared with the normal nuclear power plant drainage … …

　　What is even more worrying is that TEPCO had a "black history" of tampering with data and concealing the safety of nuclear power plants.

　　On the third day after the Fukushima nuclear accident in March, 2011, TEPCO was able to judge the core meltdown of Units 1 to 3 according to the relevant data, but it was always whitewashed with "core damage" until two months later, when it admitted the core meltdown. TEPCO later admitted that it was intentionally concealing the truth according to the instructions of the then president. TEPCO once claimed that no new nuclear polluted water was discharged into the sea after June 2011, but with the exposure of a series of leakage incidents in 2013, TEPCO finally admitted that high-concentration nuclear polluted water leaked into the sea, saying that it was not announced in time because of fear of affecting the reputation of local fisheries; In September 2021, when TEPCO reported the damage of ALPS exhaust filter, it admitted that the same filter was damaged two years ago, but it was not reported, and the reason was not investigated. It was just a matter of replacing the filter. In October 2022, TEPCO was exposed to mislead visitors with a problematic radiation detector to prove the safety of "ALPS treating water".

　　Guan Guzhi, a scholar at the University of Tokyo, also pointed out that not only in Fukushima, but also in other nuclear power plants under TEPCO, management and safety problems are constantly occurring, which makes people unable to believe its disposal capacity. "Does TEPCO have this qualification to discharge into the ocean?"

　　The dishonesty of TEPCO and the Japanese government is also manifested in the attitude of reneging. The plan of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea has been strongly opposed by local fishermen all over Japan, especially in Fukushima. Under this circumstance, TEPCO and the Japanese government assured the Fukushima Federation of Fishery Synergies and the Japan National Federation of Fishery Synergies in August 2015 that they would not discharge nuclear polluted water into the ocean until they were understood by fishermen and other relevant parties.

　　Although the Japanese government tried every means to convince the fishermen, it never succeeded. Since 2020, the Japan National Federation of Fishery Synergies and the Fukushima Federation of Fishery Synergies have passed special resolutions for four consecutive years, resolutely opposing the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea. However, regardless of opposition, the Japanese government and TEPCO violated their own commitments and insisted on promoting the sea discharge plan.

　　Yasushi Sakamoto, president of the National Federation of Fishery Cooperatives, said after meeting with Yasutoshi Nishimura, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, on July 14th this year that it is impossible to change the opposition position as long as we are not at ease with emissions. After exchanging views with Yasutoshi Nishimura on 11 July, Nozaki Tetsuo, president of Fukushima Fisheries Cooperative Association, stressed that the fishermen could not tolerate the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea, in contrast to the government’s promise of "no disposal" without the understanding of relevant parties.

　　Point the deer at the horse and pretend to be false.

　　Faced with the strong opposition at home and abroad to the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea, the Japanese authorities launched an intensive public relations campaign to confuse the audience and publicize the "safety theory of nuclear polluted water" as a key point of Japanese diplomacy.

　　Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Reconstruction Agency and other government departments have set up special links on the homepage of official websites to promote the safety of ALPS "water treatment". The social media accounts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry also put relevant promotional videos at the top or in a prominent position, and launched multilingual versions.

　　Japan holds the rotating presidency of the Group of Seven (G7) this year. During the G7 Climate, Energy and Environment Ministers’ Meeting in April this year, Japanese Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Yasutoshi Nishimura declared at the press conference that "including ‘ Treated water ’ The steady progress of waste furnace work, including discharging into the sea, was welcomed. As a result, German Environment Minister Lemcke said on the spot that "discharging (nuclear polluted water) into the sea is not welcome". The Japanese side originally tried to insert "Welcome to the transparent process of discharging the sea" into the joint communique of the meeting to show "international recognition". This statement was opposed by Germany, but the Japanese side still used the host status to write "Welcome … … Japan and IAEA’s transparent efforts based on scientific evidence "and" supporting IAEA’s independent review ". The same content later appeared in the joint communique of the leaders of the Hiroshima Summit of G7 in May.

　　The Japanese side also launched a public relations offensive against Pacific island countries. These island countries suffered greatly from the nuclear test of the United States in the Pacific Ocean in the past, but now there is a strong opposition to the discharge of nuclear polluted water from Fukushima, which has become the key "appeasement" object of Japan. According to the report released by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry on July 31, Japan has conducted "explanation work" for all members and regions of the Pacific Island Forum since February this year.

　　The Japanese side also frequently held briefing sessions for diplomats and foreign journalists from various countries in Japan, and tried every means to publicize the "safety" of nuclear polluted water discharging into the sea. In Japanese explanations, especially in foreign language versions, "treated water" is generally used to refer to nuclear polluted water, with the intention of diluting its pollution characteristics and potential harm to confuse people. According to some foreign journalists in Japan, once there is any content in their reports that questions the safety of nuclear polluted water discharge, TEPCO and Japanese officials will call and write to put pressure on it.

　　It is worth noting that according to the IAEA’s safety regulations on the discharge of radioactive materials into the environment, authorization for the discharge of radioactive materials should provide information and consultation to the affected stakeholders. "Some interested parties may be in other countries, especially neighboring countries." However, in the face of opposition and doubts from neighboring countries, the Japanese side did not communicate sincerely, but made a mistake and slandered the legitimate concerns of regional countries about the marine environment and food safety as "playing political cards." Some right-wing media in Japan even dressed Japan as a "victim" and angrily threatened to "counter" neighboring countries that raised objections to the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea.

　　On July 4th, the Embassy of China in Japan expounded China’s position on the issue of Fukushima nuclear polluted water being discharged into the sea, pointing out that Japan’s so-called "hope for dialogue and consultation with China" was insincere. So far, China has carried out exchanges with Japan in bilateral and multilateral channels and repeatedly expressed the opinions and concerns of professional departments. However, regardless of China’s position, Japan insists on promoting sea discharge according to the established timetable. "If the Japanese side regards sea exclusion as the premise of consultation and blindly imposes sea exclusion on China, what is the significance of such consultation?"

　　The discharge of Fukushima nuclear polluted water into the sea is not a private matter or a trivial matter of Japan, but a business matter and a major event related to the marine environment and human health. The Japanese government ignored the legitimate concerns of the international community, violated its due international obligations, and forced nuclear pollution water into the sea, endangering the marine environment and human health and infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of neighboring countries. It is by no means a responsible country.

Cancer, as one of the most common diseases with high mobility and high mortality in the world, the clinical treatments for its tumors generally include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the shortcomings of chemical drugs and various toxic and side effects, people have been committed to developing more effective drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, with the aim of reducing side effects and ensuring its efficacy.

With the progress and maturity of nanotechnology, its advantages are gradually reflected.

Introduction of nano-drugs

Diagram of sustained release process of nano-drugs

Nano-drug and its delivery system

Nano-medicine refers to nanoparticles or nano-carriers, which is a new product produced by the combination of nano-technology and medicine.

Nano-drug delivery system refers to the integration of small drug molecules into nano-materials by means of encapsulation or adsorption.

Advantages of nano-drugs

First, improve the solubility and absorption of drugs.

Nano-sized drugs are different from most chemotherapy drugs. Nano-sized drugs have larger specific surface area, better solubility, faster dissolution, improved absorption properties and better therapeutic effect.

At the same time, due to better solubility, the dosage of patients can also be appropriately reduced.

Second, prolong the drug’s circulation time in vivo, and enrich it to the focus.

Through some modification and treatment on the surface of nano-drugs, the circulation time of drugs in human body can be prolonged, which is beneficial for drugs to reach the lesion site, and special modification may make drugs more concentrated in the tumor site, resulting in better selectivity and targeting properties.

Nano-drugs can enter the tumor tissue through the porous blood vessels of the tumor, and achieve a high degree of penetration and retention in the tumor. Therefore, nano-preparation has excellent properties of high drug loading rate, passive targeting and controlled drug release.

Clinical application of nano-preparation.

Paclitaxel albumin nanoparticles

Paclitaxel is a commonly used anticancer drug in clinic. Here is a brief introduction to the nano-preparation of paclitaxel:

Paclitaxel, a commonly used anticancer drug

Albumin nanoparticles

Albumin nanoparticles are nano-particles based on albumin.

Albumin is an endogenous natural product with the advantages of safety, non-toxicity, non-immunogenicity, biodegradability and good biocompatibility. Moreover, the nanoparticle carrier system has unique targeting, sustained and controlled release characteristics and drug protection.

By high-pressure homogenization, paclitaxel and human serum protein preparation were made into nanometer freeze-dried powder, which can improve the solubility, avoid a large number of paclitaxel nanoparticles aggregation, and help the drug to be absorbed into tumor cells and give full play to its role.

Pharmacological action of paclitaxel

Paclitaxel is an anti-microtubule drug, which can stabilize microtubules by promoting the polymerization of tubulin dimer and inhibiting its depolymerization, thus inhibiting the normal dynamic reorganization of microtubule network during interphase and mitosis.

In addition, paclitaxel can lead to abnormal arrangement of microtubule "bundles", affect the division of tumor cells and promote tumor cell apoptosis during the whole cell cycle and cell mitosis.

indication

The application of albumin nanoparticles in the in vivo delivery of paclitaxel and cancer treatment has become a hot topic in recent years.

Albumin paclitaxel nanoparticles are mainly suitable for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer that failed in combination chemotherapy or breast cancer that recurred within 6 months after adjuvant chemotherapy.

Unless there are clinical contraindications, an anthracycline anticancer drug should be included in previous chemotherapy.

matters need attention

In the process of using paclitaxel albumin nanoparticles, it should be noted that paclitaxel for injection (albumin binding type) also has adverse drug reactions and must be used under the guidance of a doctor with chemotherapy experience.

Only with perfect diagnosis and treatment facilities can the complications and adverse reactions caused by drugs in treatment be effectively controlled.

references

[1] Jie Chen, Cao Ye, Li Shuangshuang, Luo Lailong, Yu Peng, Li Mingyuan. Research progress of novel nano-drug delivery system for tumors [J]. China Journal of Pharmacy, 2020,55(21):1749-1756.

Xin li, Zhu Dandan, Chen Yu, Lin Shuting, Han Lili, Li Ying, Liu Xiaoxuan. Research progress of nano-drug delivery system in promoting deep penetration of tumor [J]. Zhongnan Pharmacy, 2020,18(12):2009-2018.

Zhao Shuang, Zhang Shaofang, Mu Xiaoyu. Research progress of nano-drugs [J]. Tianjin Pharmacy, 2020,32(02):57-61.

Chen Dongxiao, Zhang Juanmei, Li Jianye, Xu Tianhong, Dong Yaqin, Pu Xiaohui. Research status and progress of paclitaxel albumin nanoparticles [J]. Journal of Henan University (Medical Edition), 2017,36(04):296-300.

[5] Chen Kang. Analysis of the research progress of paclitaxel pharmaceutical preparations [J]. Heilongjiang Medicine, 2019,32(06):1390-1392.

Contributed by: Song Haolin (Ruijin Intern Pharmacist)

Original title: "How do nano-warriors fight cancer-do you understand? 》

Read the original text

Every time you get a ticket, you have to go to the tax service hall.

The journey takes a long time.

Also bring the tax controller, ID card and special seal for invoice.

It’s easy to leave things behind if you’re not careful

Now these troubles can be solved.

Since June 1, 2020

Beijing Economic Development Zone Taxation Bureau

It will be a normal ticket-using enterprise in the region.

Provide through the "e-ticket delivery" mode

Free mail delivery service for receiving invoices

Yifen

How to operate this "ticket e delivery"?

Xiaoye

Xiaoye has prepared a detailed tutorial for everyone. Let’s take a look!

Detailed operation manual of "ticket e delivery"

"Ticket e-delivery" is a convenient service project of online invoice collection launched by logistics service unit entrusted by Beijing Taxation Bureau of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China. It aims to solve the problems of long journey, long time-consuming and difficult queuing for taxpayers to go to the tax service hall, and realizes the one-stop invoice collection service of "online application of taxpayers, automatic processing on cloud platform, and limited logistics delivery to the door".

one

"e-ticket delivery" feature

1. All year round, 365*24 hours service;

2. Express delivery to your door within 24 hours;

3. Coverage of the whole city, which can be delivered in Beijing area;

4. tax express through train, unlimited number of non-traffic jams;

5. Professional support team, 24-hour service hotline 4006289911 to provide follow-up guarantee;

two

Ticket e delivery qualification requirements

1. The tax registration status is business;

2. VAT taxpayers (except taxpayers who declare VAT on a per-time basis and general VAT taxpayers during the counseling period);

3. It has been included in the upgraded version of the VAT invoice system;

4. There is no internal investigation information about invoices;

three

Ticket e delivery invoice type

Five categories and seven versions of invoices can be applied for online: "two-copy and five-copy versions of general VAT invoices, three-copy and six-copy versions of special VAT invoices in Chinese, unified invoices for motor vehicle sales (computer version), roll-type invoices for taxi passengers and electronic general VAT invoices".

four

Application for online ticket collection qualification

1. Taxpayers log in to State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Electronic Taxation Bureau.

2. Click Login, enter State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Electronic Taxation Bureau, and click the "Invoice Use" module under the "I want to do tax" directory.

3. Taxpayers enter the "invoice collection" and click the "invoice distribution (e-delivery)" button to enter the "e-delivery" qualification application page (note: if you are qualified to apply for invoices online, you will directly enter the invoice application page, otherwise you will enter the online invoice application qualification application page).

4. You need to submit a qualification application for the first use. Fill in the real contact person and mobile phone number, and confirm that "our company (or individual) confirms to voluntarily use the" ticket e-delivery "service", and click the submit application button.

five

Steps to apply for invoices online

1. Taxpayers enter State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Beijing Electronic Taxation Bureau;

2. Select "Invoice Business" in the navigation bar and click "Invoice Distribution (Ticket E Delivery)" to enter the "Ticket E Delivery" page;

Step 3 fill in the application form

Enter the invoice application page and click the "New Application" button on the right side of the page.

Note: This button will only appear after the last invoice application order has been accepted successfully.

The application form is as follows. You need to fill in the number of applications, the name of the ticket holder, the mobile phone number, the location, the detailed address and the postal code. Among them, the number of applications must be an integer multiple of 5 and cannot be greater than the number of applications.

After filling out the application form, click the "Save" button. The table can be modified before it is submitted again.

4. Submit the application form

Please submit this application form when you are sure that the information filled in is correct. ("Submit" button in the action bar of the list page) After the submission is successful, please wait for the tax authorities to accept your application.

When submitting, you need to check the "Ticket E Delivery" service use confirmation form, otherwise it cannot be submitted.

5. Print the bill receipt

When the "Business Status" changes to "Package Picking Completed, Delivery Started", you can print the "Invoice Receipt Form for Online Collecting of Beijing Taxation Bureau" through the button in the operation bar of the page. The printed bill receipt needs to be stamped with official seal or special seal for invoice. When distributing the invoice, you need to receive the ticket with this receipt.

6. Sign the physical invoice

The delivery staff will contact you through the mobile phone number when submitting the application. When signing, please show the Invoice Receipt Form for Online Receipt of Invoice from Beijing Taxation Bureau, and check the invoice code and invoice number of the physical invoice. After confirmation, please give the stamped ticket receipt to the delivery staff.

END

This article was published by Yizhuang, Beijing.

Please indicate the source for reprinting.

The news comes from Beijing Economic Development Zone Taxation Bureau.

Original title: "From June 1st, tax invoices can be delivered home free of charge without queuing"

Read the original text

　　[PConline first evaluation]This generation of Turing graphics card is rarely divided into two series by NVIDIA, one is RTX 20 series graphics card which focuses on ray tracing and is aimed at higher-end players, and the other is GTX 16 series which is relatively cost-effective. The first shot of GTX 16 series was started by GTX 1660 Ti as early as last month. Its price in the early 2000 yuan is more than 30% ahead of GTX 1060, and its performance is really cost-effective. Today, GTX 16 series welcomes a new member. GTX 1660 has no Ti, so today, let’s take a look at whether the performance of GTX 16 series is satisfactory.

　　For Turing architecture graphics cards, everyone should be familiar with it. It has been half a year since the first Turing architecture graphics card RTX 2080 Ti was released. Compared with Pascal’s, SM of Turing GPU architecture has been greatly changed, reducing the number of CUDA cores in Turing SM units to 64 (Pascal is 128), but increasing the number of SM units. TU102 has 6 GPC graphics processing clusters, each with 12 groups of SM units, totaling 72 groups of SM units, while GP102 has 36 groups of SM units, and at the same time increasing the cache of each group of SM units. L0 cache is added, and L1/ shared cache is increased to 96KB, which seems to be reduced, but the allocation method is more flexible. When necessary, L1 cache is allocated to 64KB, which is 50% higher than Pascal graphics card’s 48KB.

　　For the technical analysis of product detailed analysis, you can also jump here to consult.https://diy.pconline.com.cn/1172/11720764.htmlcheckread

　　However, the Turing core used in GTX 16 series and RTX 20 series is still slightly different.

　　GTX 1660 Ti and GTX 1660 useThe redesigned TU116 coreTU116 has reduced the SM unit of GPC to 8 groups per cluster, while the core of RTX 20 series graphics cards is 12 groups. The complete TU116 core has 3 sets of GPC, including 24 sets of SM and 1536 CUDA stream processors, which is also the specification of GTX 1660 Ti, while the TU116-300 core used in GTX 1660 only castrates two sets of SM, and the number of stream processors reaches 1408.

　　In addition, RTX series graphics cards use FP16 to calculate Tensor Core, while TU116 replaces tensor Core with a dedicated FP16 computing Core.

　　Another castrated place is memory. GTX 1660 uses GDDR5 memory of the same model as GTX 1060, and the memory frequency is far less than GDDR6.

　　Detailed parameters of GTX 1660 are as follows.

　　Parameter comments:The number of GTX 1660 CUDA stream processors is 1408,It is 128 less than GTX 1660 Ti, but it will still be 128 more than GTX 1060.

　　GTX 1660 still uses GDDR5 video memory, which means that the graphics cardThe bandwidth of video memory is the same as GTX 1060, which is 50% lower than GTX 1660 Ti.

　　The core frequency of the public version is 1530-1785MHz, which is slightly higher than GTX 1660 Ti. 　

　　The TDP of the graphics card is still 120W, which means that the power consumption of the graphics card is not much different from that of GTX 1060.

　　Official guide price of GTX 1660Starting from 1799 yuan, 400 yuan less than GTX 1660 Ti, and 200 yuan less than GTX 1060 when it was first launched, so is the graphics card worth it? Just look down.

　　Let’s go directly to the testing link. Before testing, let’s briefly introduce the testing platform.

　　Since there is no public version of GTX 1660 Ti, this time we first got the Galaxy Gemini, namely GTX 1660 Master and GTX 1660 General. In the end, GTX 1660 will be appointed as the test graphics card. The core frequency of the graphics card is 1530-1830MHz, and the BOOST frequency is 45MHz higher than that of the public version. In theory, the performance will be 1~2% higher than that of the public version.

　　Many factors have been considered in the selection of the graphics card that participated in the comparison. From the specifications, we know that the performance of GTX 1660 is definitely between GTX 1660 Ti and GTX 1060 6GB, so these two graphics cards will definitely be used as a comparison. GTX 1060 6GB uses the public version, and GTX 1660 Ti also takes a model with the same frequency as the public version, just consider it as a public version.

　　AMD’s competing products chose RX 590 with the same performance between GTX 1060 and GTX 1660 Ti. Here, the 8 GB version of ASUS ROG STRIX RX 590 is used, and the public version frequency. In fact, the frequency difference of RX 590 on the market is very small, and the performance can’t be opened.

　　It is also stronger than GTX 1060 and weaker than GTX 1660 Ti, so who is better than GTX 1660 or RX 590? Let’s reveal it below.

　　As for the CPU, I 9-9900K, the strongest game CPU, is selected with two 8GB 3200MHz high-frequency memories to ensure that other hardware of the platform will not become the test bottleneck.

　　If you don’t accept it, run a score first. In addition to our commonly used Fire Strike Extreme and Fire Strike Ultra tests, there is also Time Spy for DirectX 12 benchmark performance test of game PC.

　　Summary of theoretical performance test: I don’t know, I was shocked at the test, but I didn’t expect it to be justCastrated two groups of SM units and switched to GDDR5 memory, which can reduce the FSE of Turing graphics card by nearly 1500 points!The FSE and running score of GTX 1660 are basically the same as the public version of GTX 1060 6GB, and the FSU running score is even worse, but fortunately GTX 1660 regained a city in TS running score, surpassing GTX 1060 6GB by 29%.

　　The comprehensive running score of GTX 1660 is only 7% higher than that of GTX 1060 6GB.This promotion … is … equivalent to nothing?There is also a 20% performance gap from the big brother GTX 1660 Ti.It seems that switching to GDDR5 memory is still very painful. So is GTX 1660 such a weak chicken in the game measurement? Is it a non-public GTX 1060 6GB? Let’s measure and verify it immediately.

　　This time, we expanded the lineup of evaluation games, and the number of games tested reached nine, mainly the latest and most popular 3A masterpieces, such as Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey, Subway: Leaving, Resident Evil 2 Remastered Edition, as well as classic old games, Wizard 3 and Survival of the Jedi, which made the test results more objective and convincing.

1. Tomb Raider: Shadow

　　Unconsciously, Laura has been with us for 20 years, and has developed into the 11th generation. Today, she has been able to support all kinds of latest, true and most eye-catching graphics technologies. It should be noted that Tomb Raider 11 is a game that natively supports DX12.

2. Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey

　　Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey is the 11th work in the Assassin’s Creed series, which was created by Ubisoft. In the game, players will return to ancient Greece and play a mercenary with Spartan ancestry who was sentenced to death by his family, thus starting an epic journey from a young abandoned man to a legendary hero. The game’s plot design and image quality are very brilliant, and it is a strong competitor for the best game of the year in 2018.

3. Strange Squad

　　"Strange Squad" was a game that went on the market at the end of August last year. The PC started and supported DX12 perfectly, and the Steam list was highly rated.

4. "Singularity Ash"

　　Microsoft’s personal work to promote DX12 API perfectly supports all the effects of DX12. Benchmark optimization is in place, and it is also very suitable for testing DX12 performance and graphics performance of graphics cards.

5. Resident Evil 2 Remastered Edition

　　Capcom’s latest fried cold rice, the sales volume of the game reached 3 million in just a few days, which was very popular among players. The test is based on the gas station scene at the beginning of Lyon, and the test results are recorded by running laps for 60 seconds. The game defaults to DX12 mode.

6. Battlefield V

　　Battlefield V is a hot game recently, not because it is fun, but because it is the only game that supports ray tracing on the market at present, and it is also a game promoted by NVIDIA. War stories, an African-American infantryman, was chosen as the first 30s in the test scenario, and DX11 mode was chosen in the test, because the number of game frames in DX11 mode was higher for both A card and N card.

7. "Wizard 3"

　　Super classic AAA masterpiece, needless to say. The field scene was selected for the test, and the horse rode on a fixed route for about 60 seconds to record the results.

8. Subway: Leaving

　　Although I didn’t log in on steam, Subway: Leaving is still a good game. The most amazing thing about it is its excellent picture quality. This game is also the first game with ray tracing, DLSS and Hairworks installed.

　　Because of the excellent picture quality, the game became a graphics card killer, and the number of frames of the tested graphics card was extremely low at 1080p resolution, so the test used high picture quality, not the ultimate picture quality.

9. Survival of the Jedi

　　A historic game with a record sales volume, the game of Jedi survival does not need much introduction.

　　Summary of game performance test:In order to let everyone see the performance gap between each graphics card more intuitively, Xiao Bian takesThe comprehensive performance of GTX 1060 in the above nine games is 100%., get the following chart.

　　At the resolution of 1080p, GTX 1660 can achieve 16% higher frame rate than GTX 1060, which is a big lead. Compared with competing RX 590, the performance of game frames is basically the same, but there is still a 17% gap between the graphics card and the big brother GTX 1660 Ti.

　　Because the video memory bandwidth of GTX 1660 is the same as that of GTX 1060 6GB, the gap between them is the same at 2K resolution. The gap between GTX 1660 Ti and the video memory bandwidth is naturally widened to 20%, which is also surpassed by RX 590.

　　The measured performance of the new card is still good, which is 17% stronger than GTX 1060 and basically consistent with RX 590.

　　Since it is impossible to test the power consumption of a piece of hardware alone,So the following are the power consumption of the whole machine.When the graphics card is fully loaded, the peak power consumption of the whole machine in 3DMark stress test is selected.

　　The graphics card basically maintains the same power consumption as GTX 1060 6GB, but reaches the performance of RX 590. Turing architecture +12nm technology makes the energy consumption of N card reach a new level, and the power consumption of GTX 1660 is about 130W lower than that of RX 590, which has obvious advantages.

　　Next, let’s take a look at the temperature, stability and noise performance of the Galaxy GTX 1660. These tests are related to the design skills of the manufacturer’s graphics card. Even if the same chip, different models will be very different.

3DMARK stress test results:

　　In 3DMark stress test, 97% passed,Finally, the graphics card passed the test with 97.8%, indicating that the stability of the graphics card is no problem. Graphics card in stress testThe highest instantaneous frequency is 1920MHz.This is also the characteristic of N card. The actual BOOST frequency will be much higher than the nominal frequency. Click on the image to enlarge to see the specific value.

　　By the way, I summed up the stability results of the participating graphics cards, and the performance of the Galaxy GTX 1660 is still good.

Temperature test

　　In fact, the 3DMARK stress test just now also showed this temperature performance. The temperature environment of the four graphics cards in this test is exactly the same.

　　The full-load temperature of the graphics card is not high, only 69℃.

Noise test

　　The full-load noise is only 47dB, which is basically inaudible, thanks to the new satellite obsidian radiator.

About noise:

　　0-20 decibels: very quiet, almost imperceptible; 20-40 decibels: quiet, like whispering; 40-60 decibels: general indoor conversation; 60-70 decibels: noisy: harmful to nerves; 70-90 dB: It is noisy and nerve cells are destroyed. 90-100 decibels: increased noise and hearing loss; 100-120 decibels: unbearable, temporarily deaf after staying for one minute. Above 120 decibels: extremely deaf or totally deaf; About 300 dB or above: 20km of people in Fiona Fang are irreparably deaf.

　　Finally, it is inevitable to sum up. First, a performance percentage chart is put forward, which combines the results of four graphics cards in 1080p resolution, 2K resolution and 3DMARK theory running score test. This comprehensive performance is still very important. After all, we can’t test all the games on the market, but we can get a general idea of the comprehensive performance of graphics cards in all games by combining the game performance and running score.

　　The comprehensive performance of GTX 1660 is 11% stronger than that of GTX 1060 6GB, and the performance gap is really a little small, which is 6% lower than that of competing RX 590. This is mainly because the two 3DMARK scores of GTX 1660 are so weak that the possibility of bug follow-up driving or 3dmark optimization cannot be ruled out. However, GTX 1660 Ti has been released for more than a month, which does not necessarily mean that FSE and FSU have much improvement. Can it be said that NV?

　　The performance of the graphics card is 19% worse than that of GTX 1660 Ti. Under the castration of the yellow knife method, the graphics card class of each model of N card is very fixed.

　　It is reported that GTX 1660 is the graphics card that replaces GTX 1060 6GB. It is a good thing that the inventory of GTX 1060 is finally cleared after so long.

　　The starting price of the new graphics card is 1799 yuan, which is almost the same as the starting price of GTX 1060 6GB after the mine disaster. That is to say, after two or three years, the performance of the graphics card bought by consumers with the same money is only 11~17% higher, which is far from meeting the expectations of consumers. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that the price of GTX 1660 card will continue to be reduced to around 1500 to replace GTX 1060 3GB.

GTX 1660 is a product with general competitiveness.

　　Is GTX 1660 very competitive in the market? There should be a question mark on xiaobian here. The performance of graphics card is basically the same level as RX 590, and the price is similar. At that time, RX 590 was still cost-effective because GTX 1060 sold for 1900~2100 when it came out. Now GTX 1060 has dropped to 1600~1800, and RX 580 even dropped to 1500, so the competitiveness of GTX 1660&RX 590 products is much weaker.

　　Compared with competing products at the same price, it may also be a competitor RX 590 for a long time in the future. Their performance is basically at the same level, and the bigger difference lies in other aspects.The advantage of GTX 1660 lies in its lower power consumption, which is about 140W lower than that of RX 590, which can save a lot of money on purchasing power supply and optimize the user experience in noise and heat accumulation in the chassis, while the advantage of RX 590 lies in the additional 2GB of video memory.

　　6GB of video memory is enough for playing 1080p resolution games, but playing 2K resolution games may lead to the explosion of video memory in very few games. However, in terms of the performance of these two graphics cards, it is more suitable for playing 1080p resolution games.

　　So, if you have to choose between the two,At the same price, GTX 1660 is more worth buying.And it is necessary for RX 590 to further reduce its price to maintain its competitiveness. At present, GTX 1660 wins!

　　In fact, the comparison between GTX 1660 and RX 590 is the repetition of GTX 1060 VS RX 580, which is basically the same in performance, low in power consumption of N card and larger in memory of A card.

　　Xiao Bian believes that,Graphics cards with the same materialsRX 590 is at least 100 yuan cheaper than GTX 1660, so it is worth considering which one to buy. For example, the beggar version of GTX 1660 sells for 1799, so the beggar version of RX 590 should sell for 1699.

　　This time we got the Gemini GTX 1660 Master and GTX 1660 General from Galaxy.

　　GTX 1660 is priced at 1799 yuan, while GTX 1660 uses better materials and has higher frequency, and the price naturally rises, reaching 1899 yuan.

　　Evaluation we use the GTX 1660 general, and the appearance of the graphics card is mainly blue and black, which is more eye-catching.

　　The brand-new Star Yao radiator stabilized voltage TU116-300 core, in the above evaluation, we also saw the power of this radiator.

　　The graphics card has a large-area backplane, which can assist heat dissipation and strengthen the strength of the graphics card. The whole graphics card is not thick, and it is designed for a standard 2-slot card.

　　The video output interface is 1dp+1dmi+1dvi with rich interfaces.

　　　　The measurement is 246*135*43mm, and the external power supply is 6pin, so the graphics card has good adaptability.

　　There are RGB lights on the top of the graphics card, which is full of e-sports.

　　Next, let’s take a look at the inside of the graphics card.

　　Electrical components with orderly layout.

　　High-definition codeless TU116-300 core.

　　GDDR5 memory produced by magnesium light.

　　4+1 phase power supply, which helps higher frequency on the graphics card.

　　Let’s take a look at the Xingyao radiator used in the graphics card, two 6mm nickel-plated heat pipes and nickel-plated fins, which are quite sufficient in materials.

　　The part in direct contact with GPU uses a large area of pure copper base, no wonder the graphics card is so low temperature.

　　Let’s take a look at what the non-public GTX 1660 looks like.

Colorful iGame GTX 1660 Ultra

　　GTX 1660, produced by Colorful, a graphics card manufacturer, has the same appearance as iGame GTX 1660 Ti Ultra, and the highest core frequency is 1860MHz.

Sotai GTX1660-6GD5 Destroyer OC HA

　　The MINI has a big heart, and the BOOST frequency of the graphics card core reaches 1805MHz, which is suppressed by double heat pipes and powered by 4+1 phases.

Gigabyte GeForce GTX 1660 OC

　　The cool and low-key appearance, although not the high-end model under AORUS, already feels very good.

MSI GTX 1660

　　There are many GTX 1660 models launched by MSI. Let’s count them one by one.

　　GeForce GTX 1660 AeroITX 6OGOC with single fan design is suitable for small chassis.

　　GeForce GTX 1660 Armor 6OGOC with high cost performance.

　　A new generation of magic dragon GeForce GTX 1660 GAMING X 6G to replace the classic Red Dragon series.

　　Geforce GTX 1660 Ventures XSC 6OC, which is relatively close to the people.

Gengsheng GTX 1660

　　Gengsheng also brought two non-public graphics cards.

　　The design of GTX 1660 glare radiator is very special.

　　Gengsheng GTX 1660 chasing the wind version, the red and black color matching is very e-sports.

Yingzhong GTX 1660 Black Gold Extreme Edition

　　The design of the MINI with the same body, coupled with the excellent power consumption performance of GTX 1660, Yingzhong GTX 1660 will definitely become the gospel of ITX lovers.

　　So many GTX 1660′ s are estimated to be messy. The evaluation of these graphics cards is also in progress. If you want to know which GTX 1660 is better, just keep paying attention to us.