The weather in Fujian will be fine in the future and cold in the morning and evening.

Yesterday, the whole province was cloudy to cloudy.
There is some light rain.
Next three days
The weather in the province is fine
It will be mainly cloudy to sunny weather.
What about the temperature?
Let’s take a look ~
Today and tomorrow.
With the influence of cold air going south
Temperatures in various places will also drop.
The highest temperature in all parts of the province is 14-22℃
Low temperature aspect
Southern and coastal areas
The lowest temperature is between 5-11℃
The lowest temperature in central and northern China is 0-5℃
Some mountainous counties and cities will also be below 0℃
Recently, the temperature difference between day and night is large
The body feels colder in the morning and evening.
Please pay attention to the latest weather forecast in time.
Increase clothes according to the temperature
Beware of catching a cold ~
Coastal wind forecast
Today, the northeast wind, the northern coastal 5-6 gusts 7-8, the south-central coastal 6-7 gusts 8-9, and the Taiwan Province Strait 7-8 gusts 9.
On the 11th, there was a northeast wind, with a gust of 4-5 in the northern coastal area at level 6, a gust of 5-6 in the south-central coastal area at level 7 and a gust of 4-5 at level 6-7, and a gust of 6-7 in the Taiwan Province Strait at level 8-9 and 5-6 at level 7.
On the 12th, the northeast wind, the coastal gust of 4-5 in the whole province was 6, and the gust of 4-5 in Taiwan Province Strait changed from 6-7 to 5-6 and 7.
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Sunshine works hard until the weekend, and Guangzhou will turn rainy again.

The temperature dropped a little this morning compared with yesterday, but the sunshine was good, and everyone’s somatosensory temperature remained in a relatively comfortable range. It will continue to be online on sunny days in the next two days, and it will gradually turn rainy in Guangzhou on weekends.

Despite the cold air, with the help of sunshine, the weather in Guangzhou is warm during the day. At 13: 25, Baishui Village Scenic Spot in Zengcheng District of Guangzhou recorded 25.1℃, the highest in the city.

The Meteorological Observatory predicts that most of Guangdong will be cloudy and sunny from January 10 to 13, with cold weather and dry weather in the morning and evening. Affected by the weak cold air, on January 10-11, there was a gust of 6-7 from the northeast to the east wind in central and eastern Guangdong. It’s cold in the morning and evening, pay attention to adding clothes in time; The wind is strong on the sea surface, so pay attention to offshore operation and traffic safety.

In the next three days, the humidity in the lower level is low and the north wind blows. Although there are clouds in Guangzhou, the clouds in the middle and upper levels are the main ones, and the sunshine is abundant. The low temperature is stable, and the maximum temperature fluctuates slightly. At the weekend, the humidity over Guangzhou became higher, and the clouds began to increase, accompanied by weak precipitation.

Guangdong specific forecast:

From January 11th to 12th, the western cities and counties were cloudy with sporadic light rain, while the rest were cloudy and sunny. The lowest temperature in the morning: 8 ~ 12℃ in northern and eastern Guangdong, 14 ~ 19℃ near the Pearl River Estuary and western Guangdong, and 12 ~ 14℃ in other cities and counties.

On January 13th, it was cloudy with scattered light rain in Shaoguan, Qingyuan, western Pearl River Delta and western Guangdong, and the rest cities and counties were cloudy. There is light fog in the western cities and counties in the morning. The lowest temperature in the morning: 10 ~ 13℃ in northern and eastern Guangdong, 15 ~ 20℃ near the Pearl River Estuary and western Guangdong, and 13 ~ 15℃ in other cities and counties.

Guangzhou weather forecast:

It was cloudy at 12 ~ 21℃ on January 11th.

It was cloudy at 13 ~ 23℃ on January 12th.

On January 13th, it was cloudy to cloudy at 14 ~ 22℃, with scattered light rain.

Text/Guangzhou Daily Xinhua City Reporter: Yekas

Figure/Guangzhou Daily Xinhua City Reporter: Gao Hetao

Reporting/feedback

Wenhai Lingyun Primary School held a series of New Year’s Day activities to welcome the new year.

  China Education Online Zhejiang Station News (Editor Qiu Binxin correspondent Rong Roujia)The rabbit leaves the blessing, and the dragon comes to send the spring. At the beautiful moment of bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new year, Wenhai Lingyun Primary School held a series of colorful New Year’s Day activities to celebrate traditional festivals, create a harmonious and progressive campus atmosphere, allow students with special skills to show off, allow creative students to show off, join hands with home and school, and let teachers and students Qi Xin spend a happy festival together, leaving a beautiful memory.
  "Yunbao Supermarket" brings real consumption experience
  In the jubilant days, the much-anticipated "Yunbao Supermarket" officially opened. Teacher Xue Enping from Quality Education Department of Qiantang District Education Bureau and Cui Jiabin, Vice President of Hangzhou United Bank Xiasha Sub-branch, and other guests attended the opening ceremony to witness this grand moment. The "small staff" of "Yunbao Supermarket" are gloriously employed, and from the moment they receive the letter of appointment, their responsibilities will follow.
  By creating a real consumption scene of "Yunbao Supermarket", the school let children gradually understand the degree of consumption in practice. At the same time, as an indispensable part of financial literacy education, the school specially built a "wealth tree" in front of Yunbao Supermarket, and Grandpa Li Jinchang, Party Secretary of Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, wrote an inscription for the stone carving. Teacher Xue Enping and President Wu Bin jointly unveiled the ceremony, wishing the children thrive in the pursuit of wealth and morality.
  New Year’s Day show shows talent and passion.
  The New Year’s Day show kicked off with dynamic notes and beautiful melodies. The children vividly interpreted the wonderful programs with their full passion and enthusiastic actions. There is not only a song and dance feast on the stage, but also the power of example. At the second Dream Sports Art Festival, the students fought bravely and forged ahead, which drew a successful conclusion for 2023.
  The class get-together is very lively.
  Each class held a unique get-together, and the students showed themselves and displayed their individuality in a festive atmosphere. Fun games are interspersed among them, making the whole campus full of laughter. The children are enthusiastic and share delicious food and happy time.
  Say goodbye to 2023 and welcome 2024. All teachers and students of Wenhai Lingyun Primary School look forward to the new year together.
  (Editor Yu Xinhua Zhao Honghe)

The annual output value of Sichuan tea has exceeded 100 billion yuan for three consecutive years.


Tea base in Panyao Village, seven buddha Township, Qingchuan County.


Overlooking the ten thousand mu tea garden in Meiling Village, Naxi District, Luzhou City.


Tea Garden in Jinping Town, pingshan county City, Yibin City.


Emeishan tea garden.


After the water-saving irrigation project of tea garden in Juexi Town, Xuzhou District, Yibin City was completed and put into use, the local tea production and output value showed an increasing trend.


Chashan Road Network, contention village, Huishan Town, wutongqiao district City, Leshan City.

At the end of the year, millions of acres of tea gardens in Sichuan are brewing a new season next spring.

On December 15th, the e-commerce live broadcast base of the national tea industry was officially unveiled in the Science Park of Chuancha Group, Jinqiuhu Town, Cuiping District, Yibin City. As one of the earliest spring teas listed in Sichuan, the pre-sale information of Yibin morning tea was released simultaneously on the whole network in 2024.

In 2023, Sichuan tea achieved gratifying results: the tea garden area in the province was stable at about 5.9 million mu, and the comprehensive output value was 120 billion yuan. This is the third consecutive year that the annual output value of Sichuan tea has exceeded 100 billion yuan, and it continues to maintain a high-spirited attitude of steady progress.

The construction of high-standard bases continues to advance, the intensive processing continues to break through, and the "Sichuan tea leaves Sichuan" runs out of the "acceleration" … In 2023, Sichuan tea handed over a high score answer sheet to help the rural areas revitalize in an all-round way.

The construction of high-standard bases continued to advance.

At the end of December, in Sanguan Village, Wuchang Town, Jiajiang County, Leshan City, the tea trees all over the mountains were green and green. Sanguan Village is the largest export tea filing base in Jiajiang County, and just finished picking this summer and autumn tea a few months ago. Promote standardized planting, machine-picked summer and autumn tea, and supply products to overseas markets. Sanguan Village was rated as "National Rural Characteristic Industry 100 million Village" by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs a few years ago.

Behind the completion of the "100 million yuan village" is the unremitting efforts of Sanguan Village to standardize and scale up the tea base.

According to the insiders, Sichuan tea was once faced with the dilemma of large area but scattered planting, many tea farmers but few large-scale operations. It is a key step to realize modern operation and improve economic benefits to build a small-scale, scattered tea garden into a large-scale, standardized, green, improved variety, digital and mechanized high-standard tea base.

Nowadays, in Sanguan Village, pieces of standardized tea gardens can be seen everywhere, and large-scale tea gardens have been formed, which has promoted the development of tea industry in the county. Jiajiang tea industry base has been built on a larger scale, with a tea planting area of 300,000 mu, including 100,000 mu of export tea filing base. In 2022, Jiajiang County’s tea export volume and export volume ranked first in the province.

In Sichuan, such tea bases are multiplying.

Since the beginning of this year, Sichuan has focused on the provincial-level projects such as the superior characteristic industrial cluster of morning tea in southwest Sichuan, the industrial cluster of black tea in Gongfu, and the strong town of agricultural industry, strengthened cooperation with academicians and scientific research institutions such as Sichuan Agricultural University, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Tea Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, strengthened Industry-University-Research’s collaborative research, popularized technologies such as machine mining, machine tillage and machine defense, and comprehensively applied the "two substitutes" green production and low-yield and low-efficiency tea garden transformation technologies. At the same time, implement integrated facilities of water and fertilizer in suitable areas, and vigorously promote the scale, standardization, greening, improved varieties, digitalization and mechanization of industrial bases.

A piece of high-standard tea garden is rapidly formed. The data shows that in 2023, the area of clonal tea gardens in the province reached 5,244,900 mu, an increase of 110,600 mu over the previous year; The area of low-yield and low-efficiency tea gardens in the province has reached 1.7 million mu, the area of mechanical tea gardens has reached 2.7637 million mu, and the area of green prevention and control has reached 4.615 million mu.

A batch of demonstration bases has accelerated. This year, tea bases in Rongxian County, Zigong City and Pingwu County, Mianyang City were selected into the list of high-quality development bases for agricultural international trade in the whole province, Shuang Fu Town, Emei Mountain City and Jiezi Town, Chongzhou City were selected as national agricultural industrial strong towns, Tuanba Town, Dazhu County, Caoba Town, Yucheng District, Ya ‘an City, Xintian Town, Yingjing County, Bazhong City, Yunding Town, wangcang county Mumen Town, Guangyuan City and Kuiduo Town, Jiulong County, Ganzi Prefecture were selected as provincial agricultural industrial strong towns.

The deep processing of tea has been continuously broken through.

Near the end of the year, a large number of agricultural industrial projects in Sichuan have been accelerated.

In Fenghuanghu Village, Dadukou Town, Naxi District, Luzhou City, the agricultural and sideline products processing park (tea processing factory) in Naxi District will speed up the decoration and equipment installation, and it is planned to be put into operation before the end of the year. After the park is put into operation, the annual processing capacity will reach 5,000 tons, which will effectively solve the problems of local tea planting, processing and sales, further enhance the tea processing capacity of Naxi Tea Modern Agricultural Park, extend the industrial chain, and cultivate and expand the scale of Naxi tea trading market.

As the "hometown of early morning tea in China", Naxi District is the earliest area where tea trees germinate at the same latitude in the world. In recent years, Naxi District regards the tea industry as one of the leading industries in the whole region, and based on the development idea of "early and organic", it cultivates refined Sichuan tea and builds a billion-dollar tea industry.

In view of the problems faced by Sichuan tea, such as low comprehensive utilization rate of tea deep processing and insufficient development of high-tech products and high value-added products, it is listed as an important matter for the high-quality development of Sichuan tea industry to improve the processing level of refined Sichuan tea. This year, Sichuan has further promoted the clean and standardized construction of tea enterprises, promoted the continuous, automatic, digital and intelligent transformation of production lines, improved the grading and product packaging capabilities, and improved the production efficiency and processing level of processing equipment. Around the construction of enterprise raw material base, guide the nearest standardized layout of processing workshops, transform and optimize processing equipment, and realize clean production.

The proportion of high-end famous tea continues to increase. This year, the province’s famous tea output reached 258,000 tons, the output value reached 35.49 billion yuan, the clean processing rate reached more than 75%, the mechanism rate reached 92%, and the facilities and equipment such as storage, preservation and cold chain logistics were more perfect. The output of characteristic craft teas such as yellow tea, white tea and purple tea continued to increase. This year, the output of yellow tea and purple tea in Guangyuan reached 70 tons and 1.2 tons respectively, with an output value of 1 billion yuan and 0.2 billion yuan.

The development of extended chain products continued to accelerate. This year, Guangyuan introduced the team of Liu Minru, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, to develop the value of brand tea, and Ya ‘an and west china hospital jointly studied the value of Tibetan tea, continuously extending the industrial chain and strengthening the value chain.

"Sichuan tea leaves Sichuan" runs out of "acceleration"

On November 15th, at the first China (Heilongjiang) International Green Food and National Soybean Industry Expo, the billboard printed with "Tianfu Longya Quality Sichuan Tea" was particularly conspicuous.

"This is Sichuan Tea’s’ Kanto’ after four years!" A comparison of the participation of Sichuan tea made Jiang Ningshan, deputy secretary of Sichuan Sichuan Sichuan Tea Brand Promotion Association, happy-four years ago, at the seventh Heilongjiang Green Food Industry Expo, there were only four tea enterprises in the province participating in the 200-square-meter exhibition area. In this activity, the 288-square-meter exhibition area occupied two-thirds of the product display, and the remaining space was crowded into 10 tea enterprises.

Not just an exhibition. This year, in Harbin Dafa International Tea City, as the first "stagnation point" of Sichuan tea in Northeast China, the Harbin Marketing Promotion Center of "Sichuan Tianfu Longya Quality Sichuan Tea" officially opened, which will exert its strength in the fields of Sichuan tea culture communication, Sichuan tea brand marketing, market development, regional investment promotion and joining, and form a complete three-dimensional service system. In addition, at the end of November, the promotion activity of Tianfu Longya Micangshan Tea in Urumqi was held in Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone (Toutunhe District), and the pace of Sichuan tea leaving Sichuan was more intensive.

The relevant person in charge of Sichuan Chuancha Brand Promotion Association introduced that this year Sichuan established an operating mechanism for the development, promotion, protection and utilization of Sichuan tea brands, built a brand system of "regional brand+enterprise brand+product brand", and promoted the construction of national and provincial geographical indication product protection demonstration zones. At the same time, adhere to the "Tianfu Longya" provincial public brand as the guide, and jointly promote the creation of regional public brands such as "three mountains and one red in the morning", establish and improve the brand standard system, increase the intensity of standard implementation and use, and conduct enterprise self-inspection, government sampling inspection and social supervision on products.

"Sichuan tea leaves Sichuan" runs out of "acceleration" This year, we continued to intensify the promotion of brand and quality Sichuan tea, and successively held tea events such as Sichuan Tea Mining Week, the 12th Sichuan International Tea Expo, the 4th International (Leshan) Green Tea Conference, and participated in exhibitions and sales activities such as China International Tea Expo and China (Chongqing) International Tea Industry Expo. During the Chengdu Universiade, Guangyuan Huangcha held a promotion activity of "Join hands with the Universiade to play in Guangyuan", and Yibin, Guangyuan, Ya ‘an and other places held promotion activities in Beijing, Urumqi and other major sales areas to further promote "Sichuan tea out of Sichuan".

Brand value continues to improve. This year, in the national tea regional public brand value selection, "Tianfu Longya" achieved excellent results of 4.321 billion yuan, and regional public brands such as "Mengdingshan Tea" and "Emeishan Tea" were among the best. In the list of 100 "Tianfu Granary" boutique (cultivated) brands released in 2023, 29 tea regional public brands, corporate brands and product brands were selected.

The new track boosts Sichuan tea "out of the circle". In April this year, Sichuan Shucha Industrial Group Co., Ltd. launched a new tea brand "Tea Tea Master" in Taikooli, Chengdu; In September, Sichuan Tea Group Co., Ltd. created a new Chinese tea shop "Chuanyan Tea Language" and opened four stores in Yibin at the same time; In November, during the Wuzhen Summit in world internet conference, the new tea "Freeze-dried Flash White Tea Coffee" under the regional public brand of "Dazhu White Tea" in Dazhu County was officially released.

Live broadcast with goods continuously enhances the influence of Sichuan tea. Sichuan Tea Industry Group Co., Ltd. relies on the advantage of "tea industry e-commerce live broadcast base" to realize the transformation of traffic and sales through high-frequency exposure of e-commerce live broadcast, accelerate the development of market-oriented branding, attract the concentration of external capital, resources and talent elements, open up the internal and external circulation of tea industry chain, and help "Sichuan tea leaves Sichuan" and brand break through.

Promote the high-quality development of refined Sichuan tea

"By 2030, the annual comprehensive output value of Sichuan tea will exceed 200 billion yuan, basically building a strong province of modern tea industry." Nowadays, it is getting closer and closer to achieving this goal, and the idea of accelerating the high-quality development of refined Sichuan tea is clearer.

Promote the improvement of tea garden quality and efficiency. We will continue to implement the construction of the dominant characteristic industrial cluster of morning tea in southwest Sichuan and the industrial cluster of black tea in Gongfu, Sichuan, guide the modern tea industrial park with foundation to establish a national modern agricultural industrial park, comprehensively promote the upgrading and transformation of low-yield and inefficient tea gardens, build a number of demonstration films of famous and excellent tea by machine, and build a record base for export tea. Promote the application of equipment such as fertilizer and water integration and smart tea gardens in areas where conditions permit, and improve the modernization level of tea gardens.

Improve the processing level of refined Sichuan tea. Support the initial processing into the base, build a processing workshop based on the specifications of the raw material base, and comprehensively improve the level of initial processing in the place of origin. Encourage refined processing into the park, improve storage and preservation facilities and equipment, improve the ability of grading and product packaging, and improve the quality, quality and commercialization of refined Sichuan tea. Accelerate the development of "new tea", expand the application of tea in medicine, health care products, food and cosmetics, and extend the industrial chain. Support the development of characteristic products such as yellowed tea, albino tea and purple tea.

Cultivate and expand the main body of market operation. We will promote the close cooperation and development of state-owned capital and private enterprises around primary, refined and deep-processed tea products and upstream and downstream related industries, and encourage powerful enterprises to integrate resources across regions. Relying on the working mechanism of "specialized and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises and groups, we will develop a number of key benchmark tea enterprises with strong rural revitalization and driving force. Support leading tea enterprises to actively participate in the construction of tea industrialization consortium led by village collective economic organizations, farmers’ professional cooperatives, family farms and tea farmers, and promote the action of "prospering thousands of villages with Sichuan tea".

Create a famous brand in tea industry. Continue to implement the brand-building strategy of "regional brand+enterprise brand+product brand", and support the provincial-level regional public brand of "Tianfu Longya" to hold promotion activities in the main sales area to enhance brand value and product sales. Support the creation of regional public brands such as Mengdingshan Tea, Emeishan Tea, Micangshan Tea, Yibin Morning Tea and Chuanhong Gongfu Tea, and enhance the visibility of regional brands.

Build a marketing network. Establish and improve the marketing system of Sichuan tea, and explore the market-oriented and long-term operation mechanism of Sichuan tea marketing promotion center. Make Sichuan International Tea Expo a well-known tea industry exhibition in China. Organize key leading enterprises to actively participate in "China International Tea Expo", "China (Heilongjiang) International Green Food and National Soybean Industry Expo", and other major exhibition and sales activities to expand the market share of Sichuan tea. Open up direct sales channels for consumers such as live broadcast and delivery, and guide the standardized development of tea e-commerce.

Continue to promote the integration of tea tourism. Promote the construction of tea gardens as scenic spots, and develop a "tea tour" economy that integrates tea garden sightseeing, tea making experience, tea art appreciation and leisure and health preservation. Unify the development of tea industry with the construction of livable and suitable industries and beautiful rural areas, improve service facilities, empower tea, and promote the integration and mutual promotion of production villages and production cities. Dig deep into promoting Sichuan tea culture and tell good stories about Sichuan tea.

Looking to the future, Sichuan Tea, which stands at a new starting point, aims at a new goal and continues to help the rural areas to revitalize in an all-round way!(Xialv Image courtesy of Sichuan Sichuan Tea Brand Promotion Association)

Hold on to Helan Mountain without stopping work on New Year’s Day.

The branch line of Baoyin high-speed railway Yinba (Yinchuan to Bayanhaote) is an important part of the Jinglan passage of China’s "eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway network, and its Helanshan tunnel is the first single-track tunnel for passenger dedicated lines with a design speed of 200 kilometers per hour. Because it passes through Helan Mountain and the Ming Great Wall, it is necessary to protect the ecological environment and ensure the safety of cultural relics during the construction of Helan Mountain Tunnel. On New Year’s Day holiday, more than 400 railway builders of China Railway 15th Bureau fought for the front line of Helanshan Tunnel construction, racing against time to seize the construction period.

What’s the next step of urban night economy? 2023 Nightlife Index Ranking Released

Since 2017, CBN New First-tier Cities Research Institute has continuously released the "Knowledge City Nightlife Index" to observe the activity of different cities at night, and whether this city can provide people with convenient conditions for nightlife, and also provide support for business decision-making of night format and related city research.

In the 2023 Urban Nightlife Index, we continue.The evaluation model of six data dimensions, including night trips, the number of bars, the number of livehouse, night lighting, night movies and night bus, makes a quantitative evaluation of the level and characteristics of night economic development in 337 cities at or above the prefecture level in China.

Subjective weighting calculation is adopted according to the importance of each dimension, and the specific calculation methods of the data of the above six dimensions are as follows: 

Night travel activity ×0.2

+Number of bars ×0.2

+number of +livehouse ×0.2

+Night light intensity ×0.15

+Night movie activity ×0.15

+Night activity of urban public transport ×0.1

= nightlife index

As a whole, except Qingdao and Hefei, there are 17 first-tier and new first-tier cities in the top 20 of the nightlife index. The other three seats in the top 20 are Foshan, Nanning and Xiamen.From the distribution of the north and the south, besides Beijing, Xi ‘an, Tianjin and Zhengzhou are among the top 20 cities in the north.

Night economy is usually composed of some offline formats with strong purposeful consumption. When we talk about the night economy, the scene that is often directly related is that people go to a place with a destination and spend money. In this context, whether it is shopping malls, markets, restaurants, bars, livehouse, cinemas and other cultural and leisure places, or night-friendly public transportation networks such as subways and buses, these offline facilities provide basic protection for urban people to be active at night.

Bar is a typical night format. Judging from this year’s data, Chengdu and Shenzhen are particularly worth mentioning.

In 2017, when the New First-tier City Research Institute launched the nightlife index for the first time, the number of bars in Chengdu was second only to Shanghai. By 2019, it surpassed Shanghai to rank first, and this year, it expanded its leading edge by more than 13% of the bars in Shanghai.

Another city, Shenzhen, ranked seventh in 2017 and sixth in 2019. This year, with 2063 bars, it jumped to the third place in the country. The number of bars has increased by more than 70% compared with 2017, making it the city with the largest increase in the number of bars.

The newly opened bars in the past year have two characteristics: First, a large number of taverns and craft bars have emerged, and among the newly opened bars in four first-tier cities in the north, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the proportion of clean bars has exceeded 70%-the newly opened bars have become smaller and quieter; The other is that light chain bar brands have appeared in various places, and gained a group of loyal fans through the online celebrity effect, such as Shanghai’s road shops and Yanjing community wine shops in Beijing.

Exhibitions and sports also provide more leisure and entertainment options for urban people at night.

Take the entertainment of going to livehouse for example. There are 10 cities with more than 20 Live Houses, and the supply of Shanghai and Beijing is still in an absolute dominant position. Although the performance market has not fully entered the recovery stage in the past year, the performance pattern of the head city still presents its own characteristics-Shanghai and Shenzhen have maintained rich diversity of performance categories, and Beijing’s Quyi performances are unique.

In the index of night activity of urban public transport, we count the night activity range of urban public transport, the average last bus time of subway and the number of active subway stations at night. Taking the number of active subway stations at night as an example, Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Hangzhou are among the best.

In addition, we continue to use the night lighting index to help judge the economic development of the city. Shanghai ranks first and is significantly higher than other cities, followed by Suzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen.

After years of continuous data monitoring and tracking research, we also found that the development logic of night economy is gradually changing from content-oriented in the past, superimposed with high-quality services and experiences, to scene-oriented.

For example, in the past nightlife, everyone went to a place with a single scene for consumption. Nowadays, more and more nightlife takes place in some innovative fields such as restaurants, cultural centers and waterfront spaces. People can drink, socialize, watch exhibitions and listen to music at the same time, and have a lot of impromptu consumption.

At the same time, night is no longer limited to offline communication. People who wear masks at night, wait in front of the live broadcast room for orders at 123, and people who order take-away food to enjoy supper at home can also be called participants in the night economy. The online content of the night economy is becoming more and more abundant. Through the integration of online and offline scenes, the night economy also covers more people.

At the first Shanghai Nightlife CEO Conference and 24-hour Vibrant City Forum held on June 28th, Zhao Jia, deputy editor-in-chief of CBN and editor-in-chief of CBN magazine, made an in-depth analysis of the above trends. The following is an excerpt from the interpretation report:

The following is the complete result of the nightlife index ranking of cities in 2023:

municipality directly under the Central Government

Shanghai 1

Beijing 2

Chongqing 6

Tianjin 18

Hebei Province

Shijiazhuang 37

Tangshan 58

Handan 76

Baoding 81

Langfang 101

Cangzhou 107

Xingtai 109

Zhangjiakou 217

Qinhuangdao 301

Chengde 321

Hengshui 323

Shanxi province

Taiyuan 44

Changzhi 146

Xinzhou 187

Lvliang 189

Datong 205

Linfen 207

Yuncheng 208

Jinzhong 248

Shuozhou 282

Yangquan 290

Jincheng 302

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Hohhot 61

Bayannur 110

Chifeng 202

Wulanchabu City 206

Ordos 216

Wuhai 249

Xilingol league 258

Baotou 275

Hinggan league 289

Alxa league 295

Tongliao 307

Hulunbeier 313

Liaoning province

Shenyang 31

Dalian 46

Liaoyang 231

Panjin 232

Fushun 241

Huludao 250

Anshan 276

Tieling 284

Chaoyang 286

Yingkou 293

Jinzhou 312

Fuxin 315

Benxi 319

Dandong 328

Jilin province

Changchun 27

Jilin 269

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture 270

Songyuan 296

Siping 311

Liaoyuan 326

Tonghua 327

Baishan city 329

Baicheng 331

Heilongjiang province

Harbin 41

Heihe 219

Jiamusi 251

Daxinganling region 255

Qiqihar 272

Suihua 274

Daqing 300

Hegang 309

Mudanjiang 314

Jixi 318

Yichun 333

Qitaihe city 334

Shuangyashan 335

Jiangsu Province

Suzhou 8

Nanjing 15

Wuxi 23

Nantong 35

Changzhou 38

Xuzhou 45

Taizhou 53

Yancheng 71

Suqian 77

Yangzhou 83

Zhenjiang 114

Lianyungang 132

Huaian 138

Zhejiang Province

Hangzhou 7

Ningbo 17

Wenzhou 28

Jinhua 34

Jiaxing 39

Taizhou 51

Shaoxing 57

Huzhou 105

Zhoushan 131

Quzhou 168

Lishui 256

Anhui province

Hefei 21

Anqing 30

Wuhu 62

Fuyang 73

Bozhou 89

Chuzhou 92

Bengbu 116

Suzhou 139

Lu ‘an 162

Huaibei 177

Huainan 194

Maanshan 229

Huangshan 230

Tongling 243

Xuancheng 246

Chizhou 303

Fujian Province

Xiamen 19

Fuzhou 24

Quanzhou 26

Zhangzhou 47

Putian 79

Ningde 178

Nanping 179

Sanming 245

Longyan 271

Jiangxi province

Nanchang 36

Ganzhou 85

Shangrao 137

Jiujiang 147

Yichun 200

Ji ‘an 259

Fuzhou 267

Yingtan 280

Xinyu 298

Jingdezhen 305

Pingxiang 325

Shandong Province

Qingdao 22

Jinan 25

Weifang 59

Heze city 69

Linyi 80

Jining 82

Zibo 108

Dongying 148

Dezhou 167

Liaocheng 172

Taian 191

Yantai 192

Binzhou 209

Zaozhuang 220

Rizhao 234

Weihai 252

Henan Province

Zhengzhou 20

Luoyang 48

Xinxiang 56

Nanyang 78

Xinyang 91

Zhoukou 93

Zhumadian 94

Anyang 112

Xuchang 125

Jiaozuo 133

Pingdingshan 134

Shangqiu 145

Kaifeng 154

Puyang 204

Sanmenxia 279

Hebi 281

Luohe 291

Hubei province

Wuhan 11

Jingzhou 97

Xiangyang 151

Huangshi 156

Huanggang 169

Yichang 195

Xiaogan 198

Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 199

Jingmen 233

Shiyan 236

Ezhou 253

Xianning 263

Suizhou 316

Hunan province

Changsha 13

Shaoyang 122

Huaihua 130

Changde 135

Yiyang 170

Hengyang 173

Yueyang 180

Xiangtan 182

Loudi 186

Chenzhou 188

Yongzhou 223

Zhuzhou 228

Zhangjiajie 247

Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 268

Guangdong Province

Shenzhen 3

Guangzhou 4

Dongguan 9

Foshan 10

Zhongshan 32

Huizhou 40

Shantou 43

Jieyang city 49

Zhuhai 50

Jiangmen 54

Zhanjiang 55

Zhaoqing 70

Meizhou 86

Maoming 88

Qingyuan 100

Yangjiang 104

Shanwei 119

Chaozhou 142

Yunfu 226

Heyuan 227

Shaoguan 239

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Nanning 16

Yulin 90

Liuzhou 111

Guilin 120

Qinzhou 144

Bose 155

Guigang 157

Wuzhou 160

Chongzuo 161

Laibin 171

Beihai 185

Fangchenggang 200

Hechi 244

Hezhou 317

Hainan province

Haikou 64

Sanya 176

Danzhou 273

Sansha City 337

Sichuan Province

Chengdu 5

Nanchong 96

Mianyang 103

Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture 118

Leshan 123

Deyang 159

Luzhou 184

Yibin 221

Dazhou 237

Meishan 242

Suining 261

Neijiang 262

Panzhihua 266

Guangyuan 278

Guang ‘an 285

Zigong 287

Bazhong 292

Ziyang 308

Ya ‘an 310

Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture 322

Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 332

Guizhou Province

Guiyang 33

Zunyi 52

Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 72

Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture 98

Bijie 126

Southwest Guizhou Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 152

Anshun 174

Tongren city 196

Liupanshui 260

Yunnan province

Kunming 14

Lijiang 65

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture 74

Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture 75

Zhaotong 87

Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture 99

Qujing 102

Yuxi 106

Dehong autonomous prefecture 117

Weichu 121

Puer 127

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 136

Lincang 140

Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 153

Baoshan 181

Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture 183

Tibet Autonomous Region

Xigaze city 63

Lhasa 84

Ali region 129

Shannan City 197

Linzhi City 212

Changdu 214

Naqu city 336

Shaanxi province

Xi ‘an 12

Xianyang 66

Yulin 124

Hanzhong 141

Weinan 164

Tongchuan 175

Shangluo 222

Yan ‘an 225

Ankang 254

Baoji 257

Gansu province

Lanzhou 42

Jiayuguan 113

Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 128

Tianshui 143

Zhangye 150

Jinchang 163

Pingliang 165

Qingyang 166

Baiyin 190

Jiuquan 238

Wuwei 240

Longnan 277

Dingxi 283

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 330

Qinghai province

Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 210

Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 211

Haidong city 218

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 224

Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 235

Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 288

Xining 306

Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 320

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Yinchuan 60

Guyuan 203

Zhongwei 264

Shizuishan City 265

Wuzhong 299

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Urumqi 29

Aksu region 67

Hotan area 68

Ilikazak Autonomous Prefecture 95

Kashgar region 115

Altay region 149

Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture 158

Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture 193

Tacheng area 213

Hami 215

Karamay 294

Turpan 297

Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture 304

Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture 324

Text/Bai Wuju Vision/Jing Yi

Source: WeChat WeChat official account "New First-tier City Research Institute"

Original title "What’s the next step of urban night economy? | Zhicheng Nightlife Index "

In 2024, the box office of new films on New Year’s Day broke 1 billion

IT House reported on December 31, according to Lighthouse Professional Edition, as of 12: 00 on December 31, the total box office (including pre-sales) of new films on New Year’s Day in 2024 exceeded 1 billion."Twinkle, twinkle, bright stars" "The annual meeting can’t stop! "Stealth" is temporarily listed in the top three at the box office..

IT house with box office TOP5 (as of press time):

  • Twinkling stars (482 million)

  • The annual meeting can’t stop! (166 million)

  • Stealth (139 million)

  • Gold finger (97.263 million)

  • Taylor Swift: Time Tour Concert (40.258 million)

It is understood that "Twinkle, twinkle, bright stars" was released on December 30th, starring Qu Chuxiao and Karlina.

Synopsis:

Zhang Wansen (Qu Chuxiao) plans to confess to Lin Beixing (Karlina), a girl who has a crush for a long time, after the college entrance examination. However, the sudden concert accident turned everything into an irreparable tragedy. Unexpectedly, Zhang Wansen, who was in pain and helpless, unexpectedly restarted this summer and returned to Lin Beixing before the tragedy. Restarting the secret of summer seems to be not as simple as expected … This time, can Zhang Wansen, who tried his best, succeed? At a certain moment in the circulation of the Milky Way, can the continuous heavy snow in youth fall on two people who love each other?

In addition, as of 22: 47 on December 30th, the box office of 2023 Lunar New Year’s Eve (November 24th-December 31st) including pre-sale exceeded 4.1 billion, and the film Across the Furious Sea’s "Three Battalions" and "Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Twi

Box Office TOP5 (as of press time):

  • Crossing the Sea of Anger (548 million)

  • Third Brigade (543 million)

  • Twinkling stars (441 million)

  • Neptune 2: The Lost Kingdom (319 million)

  • Lighting stores (255 million)

Reporting/feedback

Produced by iQiyi and starring Nick Cheung Ehan Juan Darren Wang, the dark reality crime action movie "Anger Tide" was shown nationwide.

On December 19th, the data of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition showed that the criminal action movie Rage, which was produced by iQiyi, directed and written by Ma Yuke and starring Nick Cheung, Ehan Juan and Darren Wang, had exceeded 100 million yuan at the box office in four days! Up to now, Angry Tide has become the second movie of iQiyi with a box office of over 100 million in December after Crossing the Sea.

20231219-173329.jpg

Since the release of the film’s information, it has attracted a lot of attention from netizens, and the total box office of pre-screening and pre-sale broke 30 million yuan. After the official release, the box office of Angry Tide reached 57.051 million yuan on the first day, and the number of people watching movies broke 1 million. As of December 18th, "Angry Tide" was on the list of mainland box office of domestic action films in 2023, movie attendance of domestic action films in 2023, box office of Chinese New Year’s Eve in 2023 and so on, and won the top spot in the mainland box office of action films in December 2023.

Wechat picture _20231219175105 copy. jpg

The box office was in full swing, and Angry Tide also received rave reviews, achieving a good score of 9.4 points for the cat’s eye painting. In terms of social platforms, # The movie Anger is too daring to shoot # # Nick Cheung is a vengeful brain in the anger # # The new notice of Anger is gnashing his teeth # # Nick Cheung, do you know how I spent this decade # and other related topics have climbed to the top of the social platforms for many times. Many netizens commented emotionally after reading it: "I really have no resistance to this kind of master confrontation. I feel that this movie is really worth a movie ticket for everyone. "Every character is vicious, decent or villain." "The ending is really wonderful. I was caught off guard by the anti-transfer, but there are many details in front. It can be seen that the director is really careful!" "The most explosive revenge movie of the year, after the hustle and bustle, what is left is the endless sea of sunflowers."

20231219-173430.jpg

At the same time, the film also gained recognition from many professionals and colleagues in the industry. At the Beijing premiere, director Huang Jianxin commented that the film Angry Tide formed a particularly complicated emotional system in the story, which showed strong hormonal tension through intense struggle. Director Frant Gwo praised, "This film is a very rare type in China at present, and its style is particularly fierce". Director Lu Yang said that he was deeply impressed by the hand-held camera used in the film. "Hand-held camera is a very difficult thing, which is a very powerful and exploratory thing." The director of the Olympic bid enthusiastically call for the film. "This play has movie-level performances, delicate emotions, hot topics and bursting scenes, cheering for China movies!"

Under the high-burning, fierce and exciting action melee and breathtaking story, the film Rage reveals the dark side of the criminal industry chain, and at the same time, it makes the audience have a more intuitive understanding of crime. Director Ma Yuke said frankly, "I want to tell a story that I think is good.". Talking about the original intention of creation, Ma Yuke said, "I like reading martial arts novels very much and hope to have something different to try to show you." Nick Cheung, the founder, expressed the rebellious spirit of his role Chen An. "Chen An’s revenge process is very bloody, but in his bones he cherishes his family and guards justice." Ehan Juan said that the role he played has undergone great changes before and after, "decadent, sloppy, looked down upon by everyone, and there was no emotional moment until the end."

Wechat picture _20231219174522.jpg

Black eat black eat black three-way melee, who can win this bloody battle?

Rebuild the new order and restore the world to its true colors! The story of Angry Tide continues, so stay tuned!

Disclaimer:


China Entertainment reprints this article for the purpose of transmitting more information, and does not represent the views and positions of this website.


The content of the article is for reference only and does not constitute investment advice. Investors operate accordingly at their own risk.

520, this movie is for everyone who loves movies.

Today is May 20th.
On this special day, I want to recommend a movie about "love" to everyone.
In other words, a love letter written to the movie and also to every audience.
This film tells "the sincere confession of a great director".

He has an engineer father, who taught him how to think rationally and how to turn modern technology into his best creative tool.
He also has a pianist’s mother, who taught him the perception of art and a natural desire for expression as an artist.
The growing environment laid the foundation for him to dream.
However, how to turn a hobby of "wasting money" into a career that can "make money" and how to face the tear between the two are still issues throughout his adolescence.
He was bullied on campus because of his Jewish identity, or was traumatized by his parents’ divorce.
But all these eventually became his creative nourishment, the motif of his life’s creation.
Every great director will have his own autobiographical story.
Now, it’s finally Spielberg’s turn to tell this story.
The Dreammaker directed by Steven Allan Spielberg was the winner of last year’s Oscar hit, the Golden Globe Award for Best Drama and the People’s Choice Award at the Toronto Film Festival.
So far, the freshness of rotten tomatoes is still as high as 92%.
I am also glad to see that this film will be released in China on May 25th. This is a rare film that we must see on the big screen.
This film is the best of the year in many people’s minds, and it is also praised by many people as "the most touching film of the year".
It’s really hard not to be moved by it.
Because it’s so sincere.
Unlike many films with the same nostalgic theme, in Dreammaker, you will not see a narcissism of successful people looking back on the past, nor will you see a bubble gum-style self-beautification.
On the contrary, director Spielberg, who was 76 years old, still had a childlike heart.
He told a story about growth and family in a very plain and restrained tone.
He also used such a plain and restrained tone to reveal some of the most "tearing" moments in his childhood.
So, is this movie about pain?
On the contrary, it tells—
Still "love."
The A side of the story is how a teenager who loves movies grows up with the encouragement of his parents.
In the winter of 1952, Sammy watched the first film in his life accompanied by his parents.
Before the film was shown, he was crying in the car and didn’t dare to go into the cinema, as if it were the maw of a wild animal, which would devour him young.
But after the film was shown, he looked at the shiny screen and lost his words in an instant.
For the first time, he understood that the movie was a dazzling dream.
Because there was a train in the movie, his parents bought him a train toy as a gift.
But what really attracted him was not the train itself, but how to record the picture of the train collision with a camera.
He became addicted to recording everything with a camera.

At first, it was a family video, with sisters playing together and family camping together.
Later, it became a movie at school, a gun battle and a drama.
He taught himself by himself and learned the most important thing:
The existence of the camera is not only to record the truth.
You can also edit, splice and reconstruct the truth in your own way to create your own truth.
But the most important thing is always "seeing".
Because movies are about seeing.
On the b side of the story, it is about the family of teenagers.
You will find that, coincidentally, every time he succeeds in film creation, it always seems to be accompanied by some kind of life tear.
When his father encouraged him to shoot a camping documentary for his mother, he stumbled across another truth about his mother in this documentary.
However, when the campus documentary he made was broadcast at the graduation party and everyone was cheering for his work, he had to bear the pain of his parents’ divorce and breaking up with his first love alone.
Under the seemingly bright and warm tone of the whole movie, there always seems to be a faint and melancholy background.
Although it is cruel, it is very real. It shows us that movies are not reality, and movies are not a good medicine for reality.

Every time Sammy tries to do it allImmersed in the movie, reality will give him a hard whip, which will make him pull away from it, and he will have to taste the tearing feeling between reality and the movie alone.
So, when did Sammy make up his mind to pursue film art?
Perhaps it was at the moment when he understood what a "movie" really was.
At the beginning of the film, the camera was really just a toy, and making movies was just an escapist hobby.
But the most crucial and turning point happened to be that Sammy discovered the secret of his mother’s infidelity through the lens of the camera.
He repeatedly confirmed his mother’s movements and eyes from the seemingly unimportant lens edge, and confirmed that she really admired another man.
At this moment, the film is no longer an escape from reality, but helps Sami "see" the reality.
In other words, he helped Sammy open another realistic perspective.
Originally, for him, family meant unconditional tolerance, understanding and support; But now he understands that there is another person’s sacrifice behind it.
It was the mother who made the sacrifice: she gave up her career as a pianist and suppressed her feelings.
In the scene that struck him like lightning, what he saw was not betrayal, but sacrifice.
It was his mother’s sacrifice that fulfilled his dream-maker.
Family is like a balance, and someone has to make sacrifices.
Mothers will make sacrifices for their husbands and children.
Children also have to make sacrifices for their father’s work.
In the second half of the film, their family moved to California, and Sammy had to face the new campus environment and the bullying from his classmates.
However, in their family history, there always seems to be a "crazy" gene that is desperate to pursue what they love.
Maybe when he comes back at midnight, Sammy often thinks of what his uncle who works in the circus said.
"Family, art, will tear you apart"
"We are addicts, and art is our antidote"
"Family is our love."
"But we will be crazy about art."

Mothers also need to make choices.
And at this moment, the "dreamer" once again played the magic:
It is precisely because everyone in the film, no matter what choice he makes, starts from his own heart. So they also got the tolerance and understanding of their families.
Through these choices, what the film tries to convey to us is a life attitude about "love": "Love what I love and dream as much as I can".
You never have to be sorry to be yourself. You can be anyone you want to be.
Only by finding your own love and creating your own life dreams can you meet all the splendor in life.


Because I am very sure that this is a movie that we must watch on the big screen.
From the first shot, it was born for the cinema.
It is also about the "love" of filmmakers.
In the film, you will see many historical eggs, The Train Comes into the Station, The King of the Opera, and john ford, the guest role of director david lynch himself …
You will also see many classic films in the film, including many prototypes of Spielberg’s own future films.
For example, all the films shown in the film that the protagonist shot in his early days are really the works of Spielberg himself when he was young. He re-filmed these materials with great interest, as if he had relived his childhood with the audience.
For many years, Spielberg himself was a Hollywood "myth".
In this film, he re-examined this myth and told us all that "myth is only human".
The director tries to explore some contradictory and contradictory motifs in the film-technology and art, family and self, film and reality. The tear between them runs through the whole movie.
And in the end, perhaps the answer we want to know most as an audience is-
What is a movie?
Maybe the movie is a dream.
We hope to use movies to dream and make up for the dissatisfaction in life.
But dreams will "betray" you: every time Sammy is happy because of the movie, reality will bring him pain.
Perhaps the film is a perspective, a kind of cognition.
The eyes of the camera can capture what the human eye can’t see and what the human heart can’t capture.
It can jump the horizon and take you to another level of reality.
It broke your dreams, your fantasies.
It is a reality in itself.
After that, the film seems to have "surpassed" the reality.
In the second half of the film, the director filmed a plot that many people thought was worth pondering.
Sammy was bullied in his new school.
But when he had the opportunity to pick up the camera, he not only didn’t make a fool of the bully in the camera, but filmed the other side as handsome, tall and shining like Apollo.
Why would he do that?
Even the school bully doesn’t understand himself.
And Sammy said, "I just want to make my movie better."
As a director, he sacrificed his feelings and his pain before restoring the "truth" of a film.
For him, the film is neither a mirror of reality, nor a dream, nor a playground, but an imagination to make up for regret.
A movie is a movie, his art and his creation.
He can give everything for creation.
Therefore, when the screen lights up, he will see his own beam of light.
The existence of movies is not used to escape from reality, nor to reconstruct reality.
Movies are another reality.
This is his love for movies.
In other words, "film" itself is also a metaphor.
Throughout life, people are torn between reality and dreams, between responsibility and love.
Each of us has our own "movie", but how much are you willing to pay for your love?
Movies are Spielberg’s "choice".
And each of us has our own choices.
I believe that almost everyone has been accompanied by at least one Spielberg movie in their childhood.
Schindler’s List, E.T., Jurassic World, Artificial Intelligence Ready Player One …
These movies not only carry Spielberg’s dreams, but also our memories and our reality.
Movies are dreams, Spielberg is a dreamer, and we have all seen ourselves in his world and the reality of another dimension.
This time, what he said is his "dream maker".
Anyway, on May 25th, I will go to see The Dreamer again. Because this is not only a movie, but also the true meaning of his childhood, family, life and dreams. It’s a meeting between each of us and Spielberg.

News materials: The Fifth Middle East War (1982)

  -Israel invaded Lebanon


  On June 6, 1982, on the pretext that its ambassador to Britain was assassinated by Palestinian guerrillas, Israel dispatched more than 100,000 army, navy and air force to launch a large-scale attack on the Palestine Liberation Organization guerrillas and Syrian troops in Lebanon. It took only a few days to occupy half of Lebanon. This is the biggest war between Israel and Arab countries since the death of four Middle East wars, and it is called the "Fifth Middle East War".


  War background


  Generally speaking, the cause of the Lebanon-Israel war is still the continuation of the Palestinian dispute. The main purpose of Israel’s invasion of Lebanon is to destroy the Palestine Liberation Organization, seek to establish a pro-Israel regime in Lebanon and crowd out Syrian troops in Lebanon.


  In order to establish their own country, the Palestinians established the Palestine Liberation Organization in May 1964 and launched a war with Israel. The PLO guerrillas are based in neighboring Arab countries, mainly in Syria and Lebanon. In 1970, the headquarters of the PLO and the main guerrilla force led by it entered Lebanon from Jordan, and later directly intervened in Lebanon’s domestic struggle, propped up and armed Islamic forces, and cracked down on pro-Israel Christian forces, gradually taking control of southern Lebanon and Beirut, the capital, and becoming a "country within a country". And build military facilities, attack and shell northern Israel from time to time, especially in the fourth Middle East War, the PLO guerrillas assisted Egyptian and Syrian troops to launch guerrilla warfare and attacked Israeli military bases, warehouses and radar stations. Become a menace to Israel.


  In 1982, Israel felt that the time had come: first, the war between Britain and Oman broke out and became the focus of international attention; Secondly, the Iran-Iraq war continues, and the two countries have no time to take care of it. There are contradictions between Arab countries that support Iran and Iraq, and the Arab world has been torn apart; Third, the domestic situation in Syria, which may support and cooperate with the PLO in the war, is unstable, and there are also contradictions between Palestine and Syria; Fourth, we can use the pro-Israeli forces in Lebanon-Christian armed forces; Fifth, after the return of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt and Israel have reached a settlement, and Egypt will not get involved in the war.


  Military forces of all parties before the war


  I. Armed forces in Lebanon


  1. PLO Armed Forces


  The PLO armed forces are mainly PLO guerrillas, with a total of about 25,000 people (including 6,000 field troops), which are organized into 50 battalions, 300 tanks, 300 armored vehicles and 1,100 guns.


  Distribution of main forces: there are about 6,000 troops in the western part of Beirut, 8,000 troops in various positions in the south, 5,000 troops in the Bekaa Valley, and the rest are deployed in northern Lebanon. The PLO guerrillas have more than 400 warehouses in southern Lebanon, storing a large number of weapons, ammunition and other military supplies.


  2. Syrian Army in Lebanon


  2 armored brigades, 2 mechanized infantry brigades, 1 assault battalion and air defense units, totaling 30,000 people. After the war broke out, four more brigades were invested, bringing the total strength to 46,000, with 900 tanks, 600 armored vehicles and 350 planes.


  The main forces are subordinate to Bekaa Valley, Jazzin Region and Shufu Mountain. Some troops are stationed in Beirut West Zone, Tripoli and major towns along the strategic road from Beirut to Damascus.


  3. United Nations peacekeeping forces


  It consists of 7,000 troops from France, the Netherlands, Norway, Fiji and Nepal, and is stationed on the common border between Lebanon and Israel.


  4. Lebanese government forces and various armed forces


  There are more than 23,700 Lebanese government troops, including one mechanized infantry brigade, one armed reconnaissance battalion, nine infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, more than 200 armored vehicles and 230 guns. In addition, it is also equipped with "Milan" and "Tao" anti-tank missiles. It is mainly stationed in the eastern part of Beirut and parts of northwest Lebanon.


  In addition to government forces, there are more than 40 armed forces in Lebanon, mainly including:


  (1) The Muslims armed Shiites, Druze and Sunnis, with a total of about 20,000 full-time armed personnel, are in opposition to the Christian Pike Party.


  (2) haddad militia is a pro-Israel force, with about 36,000 people, deployed in the 8-10 km zone of Lebanon on the border with Israel.


  (3) The Christian Phalangist militia, led by Bacher Gemayel, has more than 40,000 people, and is stationed in the east of Beirut, north of Beirut-Damascus highway and northwest Lebanon.


  Second, the Israeli army


  There are 15 brigades, more than 100,000 people, 1,500 tanks, 1,500 armored vehicles, 400 planes and more than 20 ships.


  War course


  In the first stage (June 4-13), Israel launched a full-scale attack, and the PLO and the Syrian army suffered heavy blows, and the Israeli army surrounded the western part of Beirut.


  On June 4, Israel dispatched planes to attack Beirut and the PLO guerrilla base in southern Lebanon.


  At 11 o’clock on June 6, the Israeli army dispatched four brigades with about 20,000 people. After five hours of artillery and aviation fire preparation, with the support of helicopter gunships, naval, air and artillery fire, it launched a sudden attack on the PLO guerrillas in the west, middle and east on the front of 53 kilometers wide.


  1, the ground forces attack


  The West Road is the main direction of the Israeli army, and has invested more than five brigades. The first echelon, with two armored brigades, each with 200 tanks and armored vehicles, set out from Nahariya and Rushhanikla, surrounded Sur in Nakura and Bint Jubail through the areas controlled by haddad militia and United Nations forces, and launched siege fighting with the cooperation of airborne troops and landing troops and Lebanese haddad militia. At that night, it carried out street fighting and was attacked by the PLO guerrillas. Two brigades of the second echelon (an armored brigade and a mechanized brigade) entered the battle at 1800 hours, and one of them moved eastward to cooperate with the middle road; A brigade marched northward to encircle the PLO guerrillas south of the Litani River. On the 8th, the third echelon of the Israeli army entered the battle, continued to attack the north and surrounded Damour. However, to the south of the city, Saadia, only 19 kilometers away from Beirut, was stubbornly resisted by the PLO guerrillas, and its northward advance was blocked. On the 9th, West Road Israeli troops occupied Sidon and Damour, and landed in Halda with a battalion of troops. When the PLO troops retreated from Damour, they blew up the bridge. On the 10th, the Israeli army, consisting of 6 brigades, 35,000 men and more than 300 tanks, with the cooperation of Christian right-wing militia from the north, besieged Beirut and bombed Beirut’s western and southern suburbs international airports in turn. Israeli ships blocked Beirut from the sea. The PLO made great efforts to strengthen the defense in Beirut West Area and repelled the Israeli attack at the international airport and Halda area. The PLO armed forces killed Major General Yekutiel Adam, the commander-in-chief and deputy chief of staff of the Israeli army near Damour. On the 11th,The main force of the Israeli army arrived near Beirut International Airport, and the other part fought against the Syrian army. In order to negotiate with the PLO, Syria declared a ceasefire with Israel according to Israeli conditions when the PLO was in extreme difficulties, and the ceasefire took effect at 12 o’clock local time. Since then, Syria and Israel have stopped fighting. On the 12th, the Israeli army continued to attack the PLO position in the southern suburbs of Beirut, which met with stubborn resistance from the PLO armed forces. At 19: 00 GMT, the ceasefire between Israel and Palestine came into effect. Seven hours later, the two sides opened fire again. On the 13th, the Israeli army entered the eastern part of Beirut, and immediately, with the cooperation of the Phalangist militia, the Israeli army surrounded about 8,000 PLO guerrillas in the western and southern parts of Beirut.


  With the middle road as the direction of assist, a brigade, the first echelon of the Israeli army, set out from Shemola area on the morning of 6th, crossed Haldali, surrounded Fort Shojaei, and the main force Nabatiyah attacked. On the afternoon of the same day, the Israeli army began to storm Fort Shojaei and conquered it at dawn on 7th. An armored brigade of the second echelon entered the battle, besieged Nabatiyah with the cooperation of paratroopers, and broke into the city at 9: 00 on the 7 th. A small number of troops started street fighting with the PLO guerrillas, and the main force continued to advance northward, and the day before yesterday, it went out to Jiejin area. With the cooperation of the Israeli army on the East Road, after the capture of Jiejin City, they divided into two roads, all the way west, and participated in the siege of Zahrani and Saida; Journey to the south, attacking Syrian armored forces in Shufu area, launched a tank battle with Syrian army there. The Syrian army lost 150 tanks. On the 9th, Israeli troops parachuted near Aindala. With the cooperation of airborne troops, the ground troops captured Aindala, and then took control of the Beirut-Damascus highway.


  East Road is the containment direction, and an armored brigade of the first echelon of the Israeli army launched an attack on Sheba. Later, it developed an attack on the Bekaa Valley, containing and monitoring this direction, and cutting off the ties between the PLO guerrillas and the Syrian army. On the 7th, after the first echelon captured Sheba, the second echelon entered into battle and launched an attack on Hasyaba. After succeeding, it launched an attack on Syrian defensive positions in Lasia and Kaukaba. On the 8th, after capturing the towns of Lasia and Kaukaba, they marched northward along the west side of Bekaa Valley, pointing to the last section of Beirut-Damascus Highway, in an attempt to cut off the Syrian army’s retreat and block reinforcements. On the 10th, the Israeli army fought fiercely with the Syrian army in the east of Lake Karun, killing an armored brigade of the Syrian army. From September 9 to 11, Syria lost about 150 tanks in the battle.


  2. Air combat in Bekaa Valley


  In order to seize the air superiority, Israel decided to attack Syria’s missile base in Bekaa Valley to eliminate its air defense capability. This is also one of the main purposes of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.


  Bekaa Valley is located in the eastern part of Lebanon near the Syrian border. It is a long and narrow strip from south to north. The mountains on both sides of the valley are continuous and the terrain is dangerous. The main ground troops stationed in Lebanon are deployed here. In order to protect this unit from Israeli air strikes, Syria has deployed air defense units with Sam-6 missiles as the main equipment in the Bekaa Valley since May 1981.


  At about 2 pm on June 9, the Israeli army dispatched 96 F-15 and F-16 fighter planes for high-altitude cover, and under the command of E-2C early warning aircraft, F-4 and A-4 attack planes bombed the missile base in the Bekaa Valley violently.


  When the Syrian army learned of the Israeli air raid, it dispatched more than 60 MiG-21 and MiG-23 fighter jets from all over the country, gathered in Bekaa, and launched an air battle with the Israeli army. Due to the electronic interference of the Israeli army, the Syrian army aircraft lost contact with the ground after taking off, and the anti-aircraft missiles also lost control after launching. The quality and equipment of Israeli pilots were better than those of the Syrian Air Force, and they took the initiative in the air. However, the Syrian Air Force was inflexible in tactics and relied too much on the command of the ground command post, resulting in passive beatings in the air. On the first day of air combat, the Israeli army destroyed 19 positions of Syrian air defense missile company and shot down 29 Syrian aircraft. On the 10th, the Israeli army dispatched 92 planes of various types to attack the Syrian army’s Lebanese command post and the nearby air defense missile base. The Syrian army took off 52 planes to fight, and as a result, 25 planes were shot down and 7 air defense missile companies were destroyed. Syria has been operating in the Bekaa Valley for more than 10 years, and the air defense system costing $2 billion was destroyed, while Israel lost only 10 aircraft, including 6 drones and helicopters.


  It took only eight days (June 6-13) for the Israeli army to advance more than 90 kilometers, occupy about 3,000 square kilometers of Lebanese territory, destroy all the bases of the PLO guerrillas in southern Lebanon, wipe out a large number of PLO effective forces, seize all the PLO warehouses in southern Lebanon, and surround the PLO headquarters with 2,000 people and 5,000 armed men in the west and south of Beirut. At the same time, it dealt a heavy blow to the Syrian army.


  In the second stage (June 14th-September 15th), the PLO withdrew from the west area of Beirut, and the Israeli army won.


  On June 14th, after fierce fighting, the Israeli army took control of the runway of the international airport. On June 16th, with the cooperation of the Phalangist militia, the Israeli army captured the Science College Building, an important stronghold for controlling the airport. On the 17th, the Israeli army shelled the international airport and nearby areas, took control of Hadile International Airport, and further reduced the siege of the PLO headquarters. On the 18th, the Israeli army announced a ceasefire to the besieged PLO, but demanded that it lay down its arms and withdraw from Beirut, which was rejected by the PLO. On the 22nd, the Israeli army attacked the Syrian army again, and occupied Hamdoon, forcing the Syrian army to retreat, thus tightly controlling the west area of Beirut.


  From June 26th, the Israeli army continued to strengthen its troops surrounding the West Beirut and its defense against the Syrian army. By July 18th, the troops surrounding the West Beirut had increased to about 35,000 men in seven brigades, with about 700 tanks and 710 large-caliber artillery pieces. Trying to cooperate with political negotiations with military pressure, forcing the PLO to withdraw from Beirut West Area.


  On June 27th, the seventh emergency special session of the General Assembly adopted a resolution demanding that Israel cease fire immediately and withdraw its troops from Lebanon unconditionally. At this time, in order to preserve its strength, the PLO agreed to leave Beirut West. On the 28th, the PLO put forward three conditions for Israel to withdraw from Lebanon: (1) Israeli troops should withdraw 5 kilometers from the south of Beirut; (2) Keeping a symbolic Palestinian military unit in the Lebanese army; (3) Keep the political structure of the PLO in Beirut. Israel rejected these three conditions, demanding that relevant PLO groups must surrender their arms to the Lebanese Army and all PLO members should withdraw from Beirut and Lebanon. On July 6, the PLO refused to be escorted by the US military, demanding that a multinational peace force be deployed in Beirut to escort the PLO armed forces to evacuate safely. On August 1st, the Israeli army captured the international airport, entered the museum area in the west area of Beirut on the 4th, surrounded the PLO headquarters building on the 5th, and bombed the PLO headquarters building on the 6th. During this period, the Israeli army also bombed the Bekaa Valley.


  On August 12th, PLO announced its willingness to withdraw from Beirut West Zone. From August 21st to September 1st, more than 12,000 PLO headquarters and guerrillas were evacuated from Beirut West Zone to eight Arab countries including Jordan, Iraq, Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Algeria, South Yemen and North Yemen. 25,000 Syrian soldiers stationed in Beirut West also withdrew to Bekaa Valley on August 30th and September 1st. From 21 to 25, French, American and Italian soldiers of the multinational force arrived in Beirut in batches to perform the task of guarding the withdrawal of the PLO and Syrian troops from the western part of Beirut. On September 10-13, the multinational forces also left Lebanon one after another.


  On September 15th, the Israeli army moved into the west area of Beirut on the grounds that Lebanese President Bacher Gemayel was killed. Under the pressure of international public opinion, on September 29, the Israeli army withdrew, and multinational peace forces returned to Beirut West District to maintain order. But a large number of Israeli troops still occupy it. After five months of negotiations, Lebanon and Israel signed a withdrawal agreement. However, both Syria and the PLO opposed this agreement and the agreement was abolished. Since then, the Israeli army has unilaterally withdrawn from Lebanon in batches.


  In this war, more than 3,000 people were killed or injured in the saline-alkali land of the PLO, more than 100 tanks were destroyed, 500 guns were fired, and more than 400 secret warehouses were occupied. The Syrian army suffered more than 1,000 casualties, lost more than 400 tanks and 58 aircraft.


  (Excerpted from The Story of Major World Military Events after World War II, edited by Xie Zhaohui and Luo Qingwang)

Editor: Wang Yuxi