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1905 movie network news　 On August 8th, the online drama "Sauvignon Blanc" held a seminar in Beijing. The general director, artistic director, original music, original author and screenwriter of the drama attended the event, and had in-depth discussions with the leaders and guests around the creation, innovation and overseas communication of the drama.

The first season of Sauvignon Blanc was launched in 2023, and received enthusiastic response from the audience. In the summer of 2024, the second season of "Sauvignon Blanc" returned as scheduled. The leading characters such as,,, and continued the relationship of the previous season, and through further upgraded plot clues, presented the audience with a series of wonderful stories, such as the completion of the great cause, Tu Shanjing’s retirement from the rivers and lakes, and phase liu’s death in defending righteousness.

At the scene, the general director Zhen Qin talked about the joint efforts made by the cast of Sauvignon Blanc in the whole process of preparation, setting and shooting. For example, she observed that the audience was satisfied with the visual effects of the final scenes of the series, which could not be separated from the team’s extensive desk work on historical and cultural elements in the early stage and the construction of fine real scenes to help the shooting.

Zheng Chen, the artistic director of Sauvignon Blanc, and Dong Dongdong, the original music, combined with their own work, interpreted the special design given to the main characters from the aspects of art and music. For example, Dong Dongdong shared the change of music style after the role change from Xiao Yao to Xiao Liu; At the same time, several male characters, such as Xie Da, Tu Shanjing and phase liu, also combined with the development of the plot and created their own theme songs with different instrumental music.

As the original author of Sauvignon Blanc, Tonghua also deeply participated in the script creation in the adaptation of this series. She admits that writing novels and plays are completely different perspectives and experiences, and in the process, she has a new understanding of the stories of her characters. For example, the role in the novel is more easily influenced by power, but through a more comprehensive combing of the relationship between characters in the script creation, the drama version has become more restrained, and it can also let go of small love and understand big love.

On the same day, many participating experts also shared their feelings about watching Sauvignon Blanc. Experts all said that as a work with the theme of ancient costume, Sauvignon Blanc has made a great breakthrough and promotion compared with similar works in terms of production and conception. I hope "Sauvignon Blanc" can become a positive example in creation and communication, and provide help for domestic drama series with ancient costume themes in the future.

　　[Introduction to the author]Professor of China University of Political Science and Law, doctoral supervisor, mainly engaged in criminal procedure law research; Associate Professor, Doctor of Law, China University of Political Science and Law.

　　[article source]China Judicial Appraisal, No.3, 2015

　　[executive summary]Deepening the reform of judicial expertise system is an important content of comprehensively promoting the rule of law and deepening the reform of judicial system. However, at present, the management of the judicial expertise system still restricts the further development of the unified management system of judicial expertise, such as the business scope of the appraisal institutions in the investigation organs and the roster management of the judicial organs. In terms of the implementation procedure of judicial expertise, the problems related to the entrustment and acceptance of judicial expertise, the technical standards and specifications adopted, and the expert responsibility system are still outstanding; In the aspect of litigation procedure, the problems related to the initiation, cross-examination and re-appraisal of judicial expertise have not been well solved. This means that there is still a big obstacle to the development of the unified, standardized and fair judicial expertise system in China, and it is necessary to further improve the unified judicial expertise management system, the standardized judicial expertise implementation procedures and the fair judicial expertise litigation procedures.

　　[Keywords:]Judicial expertise, expertise management, expertise implementation procedures, expertise litigation procedures

　　Judicial expertise is not only an important part of the judicial system, but also a judicial guarantee system. Judicial expertise serves litigation activities and provides scientific and technical guarantee for fair justice. Its perfection is directly related to the realization of judicial justice, so it has always been the focus of judicial reform. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform and the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Comprehensively Promoting the Rule of Law adopted by the Third Plenary Session and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee require deepening the reform of the judicial system, improving the unified judicial expertise management system, speeding up the construction of a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system, and making the people feel fair and just in every judicial case. Based on the main problems encountered in the reform of judicial expertise system in recent years, this paper puts forward some ideas to improve the judicial expertise system under the background of comprehensively promoting the rule of law. In view of the fact that the reform of judicial expertise system needs the overall promotion and coordination of litigation system, evidence system and administrative management system, this paper discusses it from three aspects: unified management of judicial expertise, implementation procedure of judicial expertise and litigation procedure of judicial expertise.

　　A sound and unified management system of judicial expertise

　　There have been two major drawbacks in the management of judicial expertise in China: first, the establishment of judicial expertise institutions is chaotic; Second, the practice management of judicial authentication institutions is decentralized, which leads to repeated authentication and multiple authentication. Faced with many appraisal opinions with different conclusions, the public security and judicial organs generally tend to trust and adopt the appraisal opinions issued by the appraisal institutions within their own organs, which leads to the problems of "self-investigation and self-examination, self-inspection and self-examination", and the neutrality of the appraisal institutions or appraisers is questioned. In order to solve these problems, the Ministry of Justice has successively issued a series of ministerial regulations or normative documents, including the Measures for the Administration of Registration of Judicial Appraisal Institutions, the Measures for the Administration of Judicial Appraisers, the Provisions on the Classification of Judicial Appraisal Practices (Provisional) and the Provisions on the Administration of Judicial Appraisal Licenses. In 2002, the Supreme People’s Court also issued the Interim Measures for Judicial Expertise of People’s Courts and the Administrative Measures for Entrusting and Organizing Judicial Expertise of People’s Courts, which made corresponding provisions on the management of judicial expertise institutions and personnel of people’s courts. Although these reform measures have improved the management order of judicial expertise, on the whole, they have little effect.

　　In order to solve the outstanding problems in the practice of judicial expertise, such as unified management, socialization of appraisal institutions and neutrality of appraisers, on February 28th, 2005, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) adopted the Decision on the Management of Judicial Expertise (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which became an important legal basis for the management of judicial expertise. The "Decision" first focuses on solving the problem of the independence of the appraisal institutions, excluding the situation that the investigation organs are entrusted by the society to engage in appraisal services and the people’s courts and judicial administrative departments set up appraisal institutions themselves, and puts the appraisal institutions in a more neutral position that is not attached to any judicial organs or administrative organs. More importantly, the "Decision" establishes a unified management system of judicial expertise: the judicial administrative department has the right to conduct examination and registration management of social expertise institutions applied for by legal persons or other organizations, and to conduct filing and registration management of appraisal institutions of investigation organs. It can be said that the "Decision" is mainly devoted to the unified management of judicial expertise, that is, the judicial administrative organs should achieve the unification of registration, qualification, training, appraisal standards, fees and penalties for violations, and so on. However, in practice, the unified judicial expertise management system is far from being formed, and the judicial expertise management order is still chaotic.

　　1.1 The rejection and breakthrough of the unified management of judicial expertise by the investigation organs and appraisal institutions.

　　According to the provisions of Article 7 of the Decision, the establishment of an authentication institution by the investigation organ is not only restricted by the needs of investigation, but also the authentication institution "may not accept the entrustment of the society to engage in judicial authentication business". However, the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission affirmed whether the investigation organs can entrust each other and whether the investigation organs can accept the entrustment of the judicial organs to engage in the judicial expertise business, which opened the door for the expansion of the service scope of the authentication institutions of the investigation organs. In view of this reality, the Central Political and Legal Committee turned to require the management mode of combining the direct management of the subordinate departments with the filing and registration of the judicial administrative department for the appraisal institutions and appraisers belonging to the investigation organs [2]. In judicial practice, some investigation organs authorize their appraisal institutions to conduct appraisal business "externally" to the society, thus breaking through the restriction of "not accepting entrustment to engage in judicial appraisal business for the society" in the Decision, so that the reality has not changed much before the reform, and the reform goal of neutrality of appraisal institutions has basically failed.

　　1.2 The judicial organs’ erosion and division of the management right of judicial expertise

　　The biggest progress of the Decision lies in the abolition of the appraisal institutions of judicial organs, and the complete realization of the "separation of trial and appraisal" necessary for judicial justice. By cutting off the connection between the judicial organs and the appraisal institutions, the Decision aims to ensure the neutrality of the court and reduce the inevitable doubts of the parties about the appraisal opinions because of the court’s "self-examination and self-examination". However, due to the traditional concept that the appraisal institution has long been an internal institution of the court and the appraiser has long regarded himself as a judge’s assistant, the interest relationship between the judicial organ, the appraisal institution and the appraiser is still broken and even alienated under the influence of the original power inertia. In practice, some local courts are not willing to lose the right to administer judicial expertise. On the basis of the register management of judicial administrative departments, they register and manage the appraisal matters within the "three categories" stipulated in the Decision, and register and manage the appraisal matters beyond the "three categories" that require the Ministry of Justice to consult the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. This practice of selecting and compiling from the roster compiled by the judicial administrative department or outside the roster leads to the mixed management of the roster registration of authentication institutions by the judicial organs and the judicial administrative department, and the judicial organs actually divide the judicial authentication management power of the judicial administrative departments. Some local courts even went beyond the judicial administrative department to register some authentication institutions, resulting in confusion in the management order of judicial authentication, disorderly operation of judicial authentication institutions and unfair competition in the field of judicial authentication.

　　1.3 Social judicial authentication institutions "non-litigation authentication" and "authentication consultation" disorderly operation.

　　Before the promulgation of "Decision", the multi-head identification and repeated identification caused by the confusion of judicial expertise system was one of the difficult problems in the reform of judicial expertise. After the reform of the judicial expertise system, although the legislative progress has not been fully realized, compared with before the reform, the judicial expertise management has gradually entered the track of rule of law, science and standardization, which is mainly reflected in the unified management of social judicial expertise institutions by the judicial administrative department and the improvement of the appraisal management order. However, in addition to providing judicial expertise services, social judicial expertise institutions also engage in a large number of "non-litigation expertise" or "expertise consultation". "Non-litigation appraisal" refers to law enforcement appraisal that does not directly aim at litigation, such as arbitration appraisal, technical appraisal of traffic accidents, technical appraisal of disputes between doctors and patients, and technical appraisal involving violations of party discipline and political discipline. The scope of "appraisal consultation" is wide, and there are three main situations: "pre-litigation appraisal", "out-of-litigation appraisal" and "appraisal entity consultation". According to the investigation and analysis of some scholars, "the proportion of improper control of litigation appraisal affects the appraisal order is small, while the proportion of repeated appraisal, multi-head appraisal and disputes over appraisal opinions caused by non-litigation appraisal and appraisal consultation is large." {2} "This shows that the" non-litigation appraisal "or" appraisal consultation "of social judicial appraisal institutions is the main source of the current disorder of appraisal. Therefore, in order to improve the management of social judicial authentication institutions, the judicial authentication management department should focus on standardizing its non-judicial authentication activities of "serving the society". "Non-litigation appraisal" must be accepted according to law,The procedures and results of issuing expert opinions should be distinguished from judicial expertise. "Appraisal consultation" should be cautious, not "ask for advice". "Pre-litigation appraisal" should be strictly implemented in accordance with local regulations or the relevant provisions of the General Rules of Judicial Appraisal Procedure of the Ministry of Justice, and the entrustment of appraisal for unknown purposes and violation of social morality should be rejected; Consultation on appraisal entities should be handled with caution, and irresponsible or controversial advice should not be provided. Legislation on expert consultation should also be followed up, so that judicial expertise management can be based on laws.

　　To sum up, the biggest problem facing the current judicial expertise management is that the unified judicial expertise management system established by the Decision has not really formed. At the same time, new problems in the management of judicial expertise, such as how to manage non-judicial expertise in social judicial expertise institutions, lack corresponding legislative norms. Under the background of comprehensively promoting the rule of law and deepening the reform of judicial administration, judicial administrative organs should seize the opportunity to further implement and improve the unified judicial expertise management system, so as to truly improve the judicial expertise order. In addition to further implementing the unified management system of judicial expertise, the following reforms must be carried out.

　　1.3.1 Improve the access and management of appraisers.

　　Judicial appraiser is the main body to carry out appraisal, and is a natural person who uses specialized knowledge and technical methods to solve specialized problems in litigation activities. Judicial appraisers have the dual attributes of scientific and technical workers and legal workers, and they should have the necessary legal knowledge in addition to the corresponding professional knowledge. In addition, judicial appraisers must have good legal professional ethics and the scientific spirit of seeking truth from facts, which is the premise to ensure the objectivity and fairness of expert opinions. In some appraisals with many subjective factors (such as forensic psychiatric appraisal), the appraiser should also have considerable years of practice experience.

　　For a long time in China, there is a lack of uniform professional standards and qualifications for judicial appraisers, and there is a lack of necessary practice assessment methods. The author thinks that we can learn from the appraiser roster system in civil law countries, establish a unified professional qualification system for judicial appraisers, and strive to improve the professionalism and specialization level of judicial appraisers: (1) establish a unified professional qualification system for judicial appraisers that combines professional qualification examination and qualification identification; (2) Organize unified special training for judicial appraisers before taking up their posts and transferring their posts; (3) Establish a unified management system for the practice of judicial appraisers; (4) Improve the supervision system of qualification evaluation; (5) Implementing a unified and lifelong continuing education system; (6) Implement a unified practice inspection and registration system {3}.

　　1.3.2 Give full play to the positive role of trade associations.

　　Because judicial expertise involves many industries, it is not enough to rely solely on the administrative management of judicial administrative organs, but also to play the role of self-discipline management of trade associations. Judicial expertise industry associations can organize experts to formulate judicial expertise operating rules, technical specifications and standards, judicial expertise institutions’ qualification evaluation standards, and judicial expertise quality and integrity assessment methods, and can also assist judicial administrative organs in supervision and management; Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of judicial authenticators and judicial authentication institutions; To supervise and inspect the professional ethics and practice discipline of judicial authentication institutions and judicial authenticators, and reward and punish them; Organize members to carry out continuing education and training, and form a mode of combining unified management of judicial administrative organs with self-discipline management of trade associations.

　　1.3.3 Improve the practice responsibility system of judicial expertise.

　　While improving the practice environment, maintaining the appraisal order and providing the practice guarantee, we should further improve the practice responsibility system. The Decision stipulates two kinds of legal responsibilities: administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility. Some scholars suggest that the provisions on civil liability should be added. When an appraiser makes a wrong appraisal due to intentional or gross negligence, the client may apply for damages, and the appraisal institution and appraiser shall be jointly and severally liable for this.

　　2. Improve and standardize the implementation procedures of judicial expertise.

　　The Central Political and Legal Work Conference held in January, 2014 put forward the requirement of "improving the unified and authoritative judicial expertise system", indicating that besides the unified judicial expertise management system, it is also necessary to ensure that the results of judicial expertise are authoritative and can effectively guarantee judicial justice. The authority of judicial expertise results depends on the standardization and fairness of the expertise procedure. In view of the fact that judicial expertise is a highly unified activity of science and law, it should be carried out in strict accordance with scientific laws and the relevant provisions of the law, and its procedures can also be divided into two aspects: the implementation procedure of judicial expertise and the litigation procedure of judicial expertise. Therefore, in order to establish an authoritative judicial expertise system, it is necessary to take a two-pronged approach, not only to standardize the implementation procedures of expertise, but also to improve the fair judicial expertise litigation procedures. The author will discuss these two issues in turn in the following.

　　In order to further realize the standardization, institutionalization and scientificization of judicial expertise activities, the Ministry of Justice promulgated the newly formulated General Principles of Judicial Expertise Procedure (hereinafter referred to as the General Principles) on August 7, 2007 to replace the General Principles of Judicial Expertise Procedure (for Trial Implementation) issued by the Ministry of Justice on August 31, 2001, which is another important achievement in the reform of judicial expertise system. First of all, the biggest deficiency of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Decision in 2005 is the lack of provisions related to the implementation procedures of judicial expertise. The promulgation of the General Principles just makes up for the lack of norms in this field. Secondly, the "General Principles" follow the inherent laws of judicial expertise activities, and clearly stipulate the entrustment and acceptance of judicial expertise, the implementation of judicial expertise, the technical standards and specifications that judicial expertise should follow, and the special provisions of judicial expertise procedures in accordance with the workflow of judicial expertise activities {4}. Thirdly, based on the Decision, the General Principles further implemented the responsibility system of judicial appraisers, strengthened the supervision responsibility of judicial appraisal institutions, and standardized the acceptance conditions of re-appraisal, which not only implemented the principles of the Decision, but also partially solved the problems left over by the Decision, and complemented and promoted each other with the Decision, becoming an important legal document for adjusting judicial appraisal activities.

　　(1) The General Principles clearly stipulates the obligations of judicial appraisers, thus further implementing the responsibility system of judicial appraisers. Judicial appraisers use science and technology and expertise to independently identify and judge the specialized issues involved in litigation, and are responsible for their own expert opinions, which is the core content of the judicial appraiser responsibility system established in the Decision [3]. The General Principles put this principle into practice through a series of obligations and system designs. For example, it is stipulated that judicial appraisers should abide by the obligations of confidentiality, avoidance, testifying in court and independently issue expert opinions; Consulting relevant experts on complex, difficult and special technical issues, the final expert opinion shall still be issued by the judicial appraiser of this institution; If there are different opinions on the appraisal opinions in the judicial appraisal attended by many people, it shall be indicated, etc.

　　(2) The "General Principles" provide a guarantee for improving the quality of identification by strengthening the supervision responsibility of judicial authentication institutions to the judicial appraisers of their own institutions. According to the provisions of the General Principles, judicial authentication institutions have the right to examine and accept the entrustment of authentication according to law; Assign judicial appraisers, and supervise judicial appraisers to abide by legal obligations, professional ethics and practice discipline, technical specifications and appraisal time limit; Supervise the use and storage of judicial authentication materials; Unified collection of judicial expertise fees; To urge judicial appraisers to testify in court according to law and implement the system of withdrawal of appraisers; Organize expert consultation and multi-agency appraisal; Organize review and correct violations. The above provisions enable judicial authentication institutions to play a subjective role in organizing, managing and supervising the authentication activities of judicial authenticators. These regulations further urge judicial appraisers to become the real subject of appraisal, while appraisal institutions gradually retreat to the position of supervision and management. Unlike the Decision, which emphasizes the unified (macro) management of the appraisers by the judicial administrative organs, the General Principles emphasizes the supervision of the appraisers at the micro level, which is not only inconsistent with the Decision, but also a supplement and development to the Decision.

　　(3) The General Principles embody the principle of combining administrative management with industry management. In addition to emphasizing the legitimacy of the subject of judicial expertise, the General Principles also require it to abide by professional ethics and practice discipline, which reflects the obvious intention of the General Principles to introduce industry management into the field of judicial expertise [4]. In addition, by affirming the role of industry organizations in formulating industry technical standards and specifications, and giving industry organizations the power to give industry sanctions for violations of industry norms.

　　(4) The General Principles have improved the procedural system and related rules of judicial expertise. Taking the entrustment and acceptance of appraisal as an example, the General Rules for Trial Implementation stipulates that when the parties entrust judicial appraisal, it is generally carried out through a law firm, while the General Rules stipulates that the entrustment shall be uniformly accepted by the judicial appraisal institution without the assistance of other intermediaries. Moreover, the General Principles also stipulates the formal requirements and specific procedures for the judicial authentication institutions to accept the entrustment of authentication, lists the cases in which the authentication institutions refuse to accept it, and clarifies the rights and obligations of both the client and the entrusted judicial authentication institutions. In addition, in order to ensure the justice and rationality of the judicial expertise procedure, the General Principles not only makes general provisions on the implementation process of judicial expertise, but also makes special provisions on special circumstances such as physical examination of women or minors, forensic psychiatric expertise or autopsy, and on-site extraction of samples in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. This not only reflects the fairness of the appraisal procedure, but also strengthens the supervision of the client on the appraisal process.

　　To sum up, the "General Principles" and the "Decision" echo and complement each other in content, which is not only the concretization of the requirements of the "Decision", but also the expansion on the basis of the "Decision", which is conducive to standardizing the implementation procedures of China’s appraisal and pushing China’s judicial appraisal reform to a new stage. However, it is worth noting that when the General Principles were adopted, the three major procedural laws had not been revised. Now, the General Principles have been implemented for nearly eight years, and the three major procedural laws have been significantly revised and changed. Therefore, the implementation procedure of judicial expertise should also keep pace with the times, and more targeted industry norms and appraisal standards should be issued according to the revised contents of the three major procedural laws.

　　3. Improve the just judicial authentication procedure

　　In essence, judicial expertise is a scientific cognitive activity to help judicial organs solve some specialized problems in litigation, aiming at supplementing the lack of knowledge of judicial personnel in specialized fields. It has both scientific content and legal requirements, which embodies the high unity of science and law. On the one hand, judicial expertise not only serves litigation activities, but also is an important part of litigation; On the other hand, the expert opinions produced by judicial expertise will be used as evidence in litigation. Therefore, not only the implementation of judicial expertise should comply with scientific laws and legal requirements (such as legal period, etc.), but also the use of expert opinions should be adjusted by procedural rules and evidence rules. Clear and complete procedural provisions are an important guarantee for the formation and application of scientific appraisal opinions, so perfecting fair judicial appraisal litigation procedures is also an important content of judicial appraisal system reform.

　　《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》中明确指出，要“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革，确保侦查、审查起诉的案件事实证据经得起法律的检验。全面贯彻证据裁判规则，严格依法收集、固定、保存、审查、运用证据，完善证人、鉴定人出庭制度，保证庭审在查明事实、认定证据、保护诉权、公正裁判中发挥决定性作用。”四中全会决定的上述内容一方面回应了目前证人、鉴定人出庭作证制度实施不理想的现实，另一方面提出“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”的要求。这说明推进“以审判为中心”是当前诉讼制度改革最迫切的任务，而司法鉴定质证程序的完善是实现这一任务的必然要求。这不仅为司法鉴定诉讼程序的进一步完善提出了更高的要求，而且也是一个难得的机遇。在为实现“以审判为中心”的系统性诉讼制度改革中，司法鉴定质证程序的完善既能够得到助力，也有望为这一体系性改革的成功添砖加瓦。围绕“以审判为中心”这一目标，应从以下几个方面完善司法鉴定的诉讼程序。

　　3.1　健全司法鉴定的启动程序

　　The initiation of judicial expertise mainly refers to the allocation of entrustment and decision-making power, which is not consistent in various countries. The civil law system adopts the principle of authority, and judges have the final decision on whether judicial expertise is needed or not and the authorization of appraisers. For example, Article 156 of the French Criminal Procedure Law stipulates: "Any pre-trial judge or trial judge may, at the request of the procuratorate, or on his own authority, or at the request of a party, order an appraisal." The requests of both the prosecution and the defense are not necessarily binding on the judge, but "the pre-trial judge shall make a reasoned ruling when he thinks that the requirements for appraisal should not be met". In common law countries, the parties themselves decide whether to choose, when to choose and which experts are beneficial to them to provide expert advice for the jury and judges to consider. Although Article 706 of the United States Federal Rules of Evidence stipulates that the court may appoint any expert witness with the consent of the parties, it may also appoint an expert witness according to its own choice. However, it also stipulates that this rule does not restrict the parties from calling expert witnesses according to their own choices. In judicial practice, expert witnesses, as the main means for the parties to win favorable judgments, are basically summoned according to their own needs. It can be seen that due to the different litigation modes, the two legal system countries have made different provisions on the ownership of judicial expertise. However, in recent years, there has been a trend of mutual absorption and integration in the decision-making power of appraisal in countries all over the world, especially when judges control the initiation of appraisal.The most significant aspect is that both parties enjoy the equal right to request identification [5].

　　The initiation of the appraisal is not only related to the protection of the litigant’s litigation rights and the realization of procedural justice, but also determines whether the litigation procedure can achieve the goal of finding the truth with the help of judicial appraisal. In some cases, the initiation of appraisal is directly related to the defendant’s crime and non-crime. It can be said that the allocation of the initiation right of appraisal is the core issue of appraisal procedure in criminal proceedings. At present, the mode of starting the appraisal in China is similar to that in the civil law system, but the main body that plays the role of authority in starting the appraisal procedure includes not only judges, but also investigation organs and procuratorial organs. This mode may lead to the investigation organ and the procuratorial organ initiating the appraisal by themselves, and it is difficult to guarantee the objectivity and neutrality of the appraisal. On the other hand, the initiation of identification by investigation organs and procuratorial organs is also the main reason for "multiple identification" and "repeated identification". In view of this, our country should cancel the power of the investigation organ to initiate the appraisal by itself, and the court should exercise the final decision to initiate the appraisal uniformly. Of course, the realization of this reform depends on the establishment of judicial review mechanism in investigation activities. As mentioned above, the decision of the Fourth Plenary Session to promote the "trial-centered" litigation system reform must include establishing the status of trial neutrality and judicial supremacy in litigation, so the establishment of judicial review mechanism in the whole process of criminal litigation in China is self-evident requirement. The author advocates that we should explore the establishment of judicial review and writ permission system in line with China’s national conditions in the process of promoting the "trial-centered" litigation system reform.At the right time, the decision-making power to examine the appraisal and other investigations involving the restriction or deprivation of citizens’ personal rights, property rights and privacy rights will be uniformly handed over to the judicial organs, and judicial review and writ authorization will be implemented. In the concrete steps, we can learn from Russia’s practice, and gradually transition from restricting the investigation organ’s right to start the appraisal to completely canceling it.

　　In addition, in China’s criminal proceedings, the public security organs have the right to initiate the appraisal, while the litigants only have the right to request supplementary appraisal and re-appraisal, which is obviously contrary to the principle of equality between prosecution and defense. At present, China’s trial mode is changing from interrogation to confrontation, and the burden of proof of the parties is increasing, which is in contradiction with the limited start of appraisal. With the increasing burden of proof of the parties, the law should not restrict or deprive the parties of their right to choose their own appraisal, but should allow them to entrust the appraisal because of the need of proof, and allow them to obtain favorable evidence through appraisal activities. This is also an effective way to strengthen the participation ability of both the prosecution and the defense in the appraisal procedure, standardize the judicial appraisal activities and establish the credibility of the judicial appraisal results. As a judicial authentication institution, there is no reason not to provide necessary authentication services in the face of a large number of litigant authentication needs in litigation. Therefore, in order to ensure the participation of the parties and the democracy of the appraisal procedure, both the prosecution and the defense should be given equal rights to apply for entrusted appraisal, and the final decision belongs to the court. At the same time, it is stipulated that as long as the application for appraisal submitted by the parties meets the procedural requirements, the court should approve it, and the prosecution and the defense should not be treated differently or discriminated against.

　　3.2 Improve the cross-examination procedure of expert opinions.

　　The important contents of "trial-centered" are "trial-centered" and "trial materialization", and the key to realize trial materialization is trial cross-examination. For expert opinions, in order to make the cross-examination procedure substantive, it is necessary to urge the appraisers to testify in court and realize effective cross-examination through expert assistants. Because the expert opinion is the expert’s subjective judgment on specialized issues, on the one hand, the judge lacks sufficient judgment ability for this special evidence, and only by relying on the assistance of the expert can the expert opinion be effectively examined and judged; On the other hand, the expert opinion belongs to verbal evidence, and its inquiry and acceptance can only be effectively carried out when the appraiser appears in court. Therefore, it is a common practice all over the world to ask the appraiser to appear in court to accept questions from both the prosecution and the defense.

　　China’s Criminal Procedure Law in 1996 and the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s Decision in 2005 both emphasized the obligation of expert witnesses to testify in court, but it failed to be implemented in practice due to the lack of supporting system guarantee. The Criminal Procedure Law, amended in 2012, first clarified the conditions for the appraiser to testify in court. According to the third paragraph of Article 187, if the public prosecutor, the party concerned or the defender or the agent ad litem have objections to the expert opinion, and the people’s court deems it necessary for the expert to appear in court, the expert shall testify in court. This provision actually reduces the requirements of the appraiser to testify in court and narrows the scope of the obligation of the appraiser to testify in court by clarifying the two conditions of "the prosecution and the defense have objections to the appraisal opinions" and "the people’s court deems it necessary", but it is more realistic and feasible for gradually promoting the system of the appraiser to testify in court.

　　In addition, the new "Criminal Procedure Law" also stipulates the legal consequences that an expert should appear in court instead of appearing in court, that is, "the expert opinion shall not be used as the basis for finalizing the case", which is equivalent to establishing the hearsay exclusion rule of expert opinion. In order to make the trial cross-examination procedure after the expert appears in court substantive, the new Criminal Procedure Law also introduces the expert assistant system. As both the prosecution and the defense are non-professionals, it is difficult to ask questions to the point about the highly professional expert opinions. Therefore, it is very necessary to attract other experts to assist in the cross-examination of expert opinions. Article 192 of the new Criminal Procedure Law stipulates: "During the court hearing, the public prosecutor, the parties, the defenders and the agents ad litem may apply to the court to notify people with specialized knowledge to appear in court and give their opinions on the expert opinions made by the appraisers. The court shall make a decision on whether to approve the above application. " Giving both the prosecution and the defense the right to apply for expert assistants to assist in cross-examination of expert opinions in court is helpful to the materialization of the cross-examination procedure of expert opinions and can help the court to effectively examine and judge the probative value of relevant expert opinions. Especially in cases with multiple expert opinions, the participation of expert assistants is particularly important to help judges decide which expert opinion to take as the basis for final decision. Not only that, the introduction of expert assistants also helps to exercise the right of defense. Due to the unbalanced distribution of the right to start the appraisal, judicial appraisal is mostly initiated by the public security and judicial organs according to their functions and powers. The defense is often skeptical about the appraisal opinions entrusted by the public authorities, but it is unable to effectively cross-examine the appraisal opinions.The introduction of expert assistants just fills the gap of the defense’s cross-examination ability and enables the defense to better exercise its right of defense. The introduction of expert assistants will also help to eliminate the doubts of the parties about the expert opinions, settle the disputes in time, and avoid unnecessary repeated appraisal and the "expert dispute" caused by it.

　　3.3 Improve the re-appraisal procedures.

　　From a scientific point of view, there is only one correct appraisal opinion. The emergence of different appraisal opinions in the same case can only show that the subjective and objective aspects of appraisal have deviated. Re-appraisal is undoubtedly the only way to test and correct the wrong appraisal opinions and draw a correct conclusion. Therefore, the appraisal systems in various countries stipulate the right to re-appraisal without exception. One of the main problems in the practice of judicial expertise in China, that is, the unrestricted exercise of the right to apply for re-appraisal, leads to repeated appraisal of the same problem, and the contradiction between expert opinions is not only unavoidable, but also increasingly complicated. This problem of multi-head appraisal and repeated appraisal has seriously affected the objectivity, scientificity and authority of judicial appraisal, affected judicial justice to a certain extent, and wasted considerable judicial resources.

　　There are many reasons for multi-head identification and repeated identification, including the reasons of judicial organs, the identification problem itself, the level of appraisers and appraisal institutions, and the disharmony of the interests of the parties. Therefore, the problem of multi-head appraisal and repeated appraisal is not only the adjustment of appraisal management regulations, but also the adjustment object of procedural law.

　　Re-appraisal is to doubt the previous appraisal opinions, or several appraisers have differences on the appraisal opinions, and the original appraisal items need to be re-appraised. Therefore, the re-appraisal must generally be undertaken by an appraisal institution with higher level, better testing equipment and stronger technical force. In this regard, Article 14 of the "Interim Provisions on Judicial Appraisal of People’s Courts" issued by the Supreme People’s Court in 2001 stipulates that if one of the following circumstances requires re-appraisal, the people’s court shall entrust the judicial appraisal institution of the higher court to re-appraise [6]: (1) The appraiser does not have the relevant appraisal qualifications; (2) The appraisal procedure does not conform to the law; (3) The appraisal conclusion is in contradiction with other evidence; (four) the identification materials are false, or the original identification method is defective; (five) the appraiser should avoid not avoiding, but has different opinions on his appraisal conclusion; (six) the same case has multiple different expert conclusions; (seven) there is evidence that there are factors that affect the accurate identification of the appraiser.

　　However, the Interim Provisions on Judicial Appraisal of People’s Courts only solves the problem of the ownership of re-appraisal, and there will still be problems of the effectiveness of different appraisal opinions in judicial practice. To this end, the General Principles designed a series of solutions to the problems of multi-head appraisal, repeated appraisal and long-term indecision in practice. First of all, the "General Principles" requires appraisal institutions to accept the entrustment of re-appraisal, and at the same time stipulates stricter conditions for re-appraisal, so as to ensure that the start of re-appraisal follows uniform and strict standards and avoid arbitrariness and ease in the start of re-appraisal. Secondly, the "General Principles" stipulates a number of systems to ensure the quality of appraisal, such as appointing or selecting two or more appraisers to jointly appraise, consulting relevant experts outside the institution in case of particularly complicated, difficult and special technical problems, and appointing a special person to supervise and review the appraisal process after the appraisal, and so on. These measures are conducive to increasing the acceptability of appraisal opinions, thus eliminating the root causes of re-appraisal. Thirdly, the "General Principles" revised and reiterated the time limit system for appraisal, which not only made the time limit for appraisal better meet the needs of litigation, but also clarified the conditions for extending the time limit, which was helpful to solve the chronic disease of long-standing appraisal to some extent. Finally, strictly observing and adopting uniform technical standards and specifications is an important guarantee for scientific and accurate appraisal opinions, and it is also one of the important measures to solve the problem of multi-head appraisal and repeated appraisal. Based on the current situation of formulating technical standards and specifications in the field of judicial expertise in China and according to industry practices,It stipulates the hierarchical structure and sequence of technical standards and specifications that judicial appraisers should abide by and adopt when conducting appraisal, which to some extent reduces the inconsistency of appraisal results and the resulting problem of repeated appraisal.

　　The author thinks that in order to solve the problem of repeated identification, we must also establish a hierarchical system of judicial identification in the litigation legal system, limit the number of identification and standardize the re-identification procedure. First, establish a hierarchical system of judicial expertise to limit the number of re-appraisals. It can be considered that the level of judicial expertise in China is divided into two levels and the number of appraisals is limited to two. The reason why it is limited to two times is mainly to ensure that both parties to the lawsuit have the right to apply for appraisal once. The first level is the first appraisal procedure, that is, the appraisal conducted by an appraiser with appraisal qualifications. The second level is the review and appraisal procedure. Taking criminal appraisal as an example, the review and appraisal expert committee composed of the chief physician, professor of forensic medicine and senior forensic experts specializing in practice in hospitals above the provincial level can conduct the review and appraisal. Generally speaking, the prosecution exercises the right of first appraisal and decides whether to file a complaint according to the opinion of first appraisal. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the defendant, if the defense objection is established, it may apply for review and appraisal. Secondly, establish the supervision procedure of recheck appraisal, and correct the wrong recheck appraisal when necessary. It should be clear that the re-appraisal opinion does not invalidate the appraisal opinion of the first appraisal, and which appraisal opinion is more scientific and probative should be determined by the judge through examination and judgment. If the judge decides that the reexamination appraisal is inadmissible, one party to the lawsuit may apply to start the supervision procedure of reexamination appraisal. The review and appraisal expert committee that made the original decision shall select experts to form a supervision and appraisal expert committee for re-appraisal. Experts participating in the re-examination and appraisal shall not be used as appraisers again according to the principle of avoidance.However, you can attend the appraisal at the request of the re-appraisers and explain the reasons for the re-examination of the appraisal.

　　3.4 Strengthen the protection of the rights of judicial appraisers

　　The Criminal Procedure Law, amended in 2012, strengthened the protection of appraisers’ right to participate in litigation, mainly by including appraisers in the scope of personal protection. One of the reasons why appraisers are unwilling to testify in court in judicial practice is that they are afraid of retaliation for testifying in court. In criminal cases, the identification matters are often directly related to the criminal responsibility of criminal suspects and defendants. In reality, the parties have threatened or even retaliated against the appraisers, so the appraisers are often worried about testifying in court. Strengthening the personal protection of appraisers is very important for prompting appraisers to testify in court. According to Article 62 of the Criminal Procedure Law, in cases of crimes endangering national security, terrorist activities, organized crimes of underworld nature, drug crimes, etc., if the personal safety of witnesses, experts and victims or their close relatives is in danger because of testifying in the proceedings, the people’s courts, people’s procuratorates and public security organs shall take one or more of the following protective measures … The second paragraph of the same article also gives the experts the right to request personal protection in other cases, which is the first step. The third paragraph also stipulates the cooperation obligations of the relevant units and individuals in the protection of the personal rights of witnesses and experts, so that the personal protection of witnesses and experts may be implemented.

　　However, the Criminal Procedure Law only stipulates the economic compensation for ordinary witnesses to testify in court, but does not include the appraiser in the scope of compensation. As an expert witness, an expert witness should enjoy the same rights as an ordinary witness, so we should refer to the economic compensation system for ordinary witnesses to testify in court and give the expert the right of economic compensation.

　　In addition, the Criminal Procedure Law does not clearly stipulate what litigation rights the appraiser enjoys during the pre-trial appraisal. Looking at the legislation and practice of various countries, in order to ensure the successful completion of the appraisal task, the appraiser should also enjoy the following rights in the process of carrying out the appraisal: (1) The right to refuse the appraisal. When the questions raised by the judicial organs are beyond the scope of the appraiser’s knowledge or the materials provided by the judicial organs are insufficient to make an appraisal opinion, the appraiser should have the right to refuse the appraisal. (2) the right to know. The appraiser has the right to know the case materials about the appraisal object and request supplementary materials necessary for the appraisal opinion. (3) the right to conduct investigation and inspection under the guidance of the court. When the relevant information provided by the entrusting organ is incomplete, the appraiser shall have the right to carry out certain investigation activities under the organization of the court, including interrogating the criminal suspect, defendant, victim or witness, in order to obtain the necessary information needed for the appraisal.

　　[Notes and References]

　　[1] See the provisions of Article 4 of the Opinions of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission to the Ministry of Justice on whether the access management of judicial authentication institutions and appraisers can be implemented before the implementation of the decision on the management of judicial authentication (Letter No.52 [2005] of the Law Commission).

　　[2] See the Opinions of the Political and Legal Committee of the CPC Central Committee on Further Improving the Judicial Appraisal Management System and Selecting National Judicial Appraisal Institutions (Political and Legal [2008] No.2).

　　[3] See Article 10 of the Decision: "Judicial expertise shall be subject to the appraiser’s responsibility system. The appraiser shall conduct the appraisal independently, be responsible for the appraisal opinions and sign or seal the appraisal book. If many people participate in the appraisal and have different opinions on the appraisal opinions, it shall be indicated. "

　　[4] See Article 3 of the General Principles: "Judicial authentication institutions and judicial appraisers shall abide by laws, regulations and rules, abide by professional ethics and discipline, respect science and abide by technical operation norms."

　　[5] The major reform of the appraisal system in the new Criminal Procedure Code promulgated by Russia on December 18th, 2001 is a typical example. On the premise of strictly limiting the investigator’s right to start the appraisal and handing it over to the court, it gives the defense an equal right to claim the appraisal.

　　[6] After the "Decision" was issued in 2005, there was no so-called "judicial authentication institution of Shanghai court".

　　{1} Criminal Law Office of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Committee. the NPC Standing Committee’s decision on the management of judicial expertise [M]. Beijing: Law Press, 2005:21-22.

　　(2) Zou Mingli. Study on the management measures of deepening the "three-oriented" judicial expertise [J]. China Justice, 2012,(4):95-99.

　　{3} Huo Xiandan, Thoughts on Further Perfecting the Judicial Appraisal System [J]. Judicial Appraisal in China, 2014,(1):16-20.

　　{4} Interpretation of "General Rules of Judicial Appraisal Procedure" by the heads of relevant departments of the Ministry of Justice [n]. Legal Daily, 2007-08-13.

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　　Joint Declaration Property enterprises, as the front-line guarantee units for the efficient operation of the city, quickly threw themselves into the prevention and control work after the outbreak, set up headquarters and regional epidemic prevention teams in succession, actively assumed social responsibilities and implemented relevant national epidemic prevention policies. Jiahe Jiaye Property Service Research Institute, as a professional leader in the property industry, fully affirmed the important role of the property industry in this epidemic prevention battle. At the beginning of the epidemic, it put forward the prevention and control principle of "the first line of treatment is in medical treatment, and the first line of epidemic prevention is in the property".

　　On February 6th, Jiahe Household collected and summarized the epidemic prevention experience of 16 top 100 property enterprises, and launched the Epidemic Prevention Guide for Residential Property Version 1.0 (click the blue font to see the details). After the guide was issued, we successively received epidemic prevention solicitation letters from many property enterprises. Through continuous iteration and summarization, up to today, we have combined the excellent epidemic prevention experience of 33 top 100 property companies, jointly established a research group on special service topics of property management industry, and summarized and launched a more comprehensive and perfect "COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention Guide for China Property Management Industry (Commercial Property) Version 1.0".

　　At present, the member units of the research group have accumulated a management area of over 2.5 billion square meters, covering 31 provinces, nearly 400 cities and counties and over 50 million owners, and can sum up representative industry standards.

　　Recently, enterprises will resume work in full swing. In order to help property enterprises to carry out epidemic prevention in office buildings, industrial parks, hotels and other commercial offices in various cities smoothly, ensure the normal operation of enterprises, and also sum up their experience in epidemic prevention in commercial offices in the future, Jiahe Family Industry has jointly established a joint prevention and control mechanism for commercial property epidemics with a number of outstanding commercial property enterprises in the industry.

　　The establishment of the joint prevention and control mechanism aims to quickly respond, coordinate linkage, and combine excellent practical cases and valuable experience of enterprises to write and launch a set of standardized and refined guidelines for epidemic prevention of commercial properties to fight the epidemic. In the future, we will continue to introduce the research system, service standards and excellent service experience of the property industry to the industry.

　　This "China Property Management Industry novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention Guide (Commercial Property Edition) Version 1.0" focuses on effectively preventing the epidemic from spreading in commercial projects, and extracts 20 detailed rules and 62 measures from 7 dimensions, and shares the characteristic commercial epidemic prevention cases of excellent property enterprises.

　　Research Group on Special Service of Property Management Industry (to be established)

　　February 24, 2020

　　China Property Management Industry COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention Guide (Commercial Property Edition) Version 1.0.

　　First, the property organization and management criteria

　　1. Set up a commercial epidemic prevention special team (1) Set up a commercial epidemic prevention team led by the corporate headquarters to make unified arrangements for epidemic prevention work; (2) On the basis of the previous work, through combing and induction, a Handbook on Epidemic Prevention for Commercial Offices, industrial parks and other commercial offices is refined.

　　(3) All commercial projects are revised and improved according to their own project characteristics and the latest requirements of the local government, so as to fully implement the normative, scientific and effective prevention and control measures.

　　2. Establish close contact with the resident units.

　　(1) Inform the resident unit of the current work and preparations made by the property management company, as well as the matters needing attention and suggestions on epidemic prevention measures of the resident unit, and remind them to work in isolation and peak shift; (2) Send a survey form to the docking person of the stationed unit, count the time of returning to work of the stationed unit and the situation of Hubei employees, and ask the personnel from Hubei area or who have contacted Hubei (including those who will be employed after the year) to isolate themselves for 14 days, and only after the observation period is confirmed to be asymptomatic can they enter the building for work;

　　(3) Keep real-time communication with the resident units, and report any abnormality immediately.

　　3. Implement relevant policies of local government.

　　(1) Assign special personnel to communicate with the local government departments, receive, publicize and execute the epidemic prevention documents issued by the government departments, and ensure that the health and epidemic prevention, market supervision and housing construction departments in the jurisdiction should achieve joint prevention and control, and ensure that all prevention and control measures are implemented; (2) Strengthen the information submission, and each property service enterprise shall report the epidemic prevention and control work within 24 hours before 12:00 noon every day to the resident unit and the community (town office);

　　(3) Those who fail to perform their duties in the epidemic prevention and control work and cause epidemic harm will be investigated for responsibility according to law.

　　Second, the staff management guidelines

　　1. Internal training of employees (1) Property companies set up special epidemic prevention teams to conduct unified epidemic prevention training for employees, explaining in detail the knowledge of epidemic prevention and control, the basic knowledge of disinfection and disinfection, and the correct configuration of disinfectant;

　　(2) Training and management of outsourced units (cleaning personnel).

　　2. Employee health management

　　(1) All employees shall be quarantined for 14 days before returning to work; (2) After employees take up their posts, they shall adhere to the system of submitting daily health information to employees, and require all employees of the company to report their health status twice before going to work and before leaving work every day;

　　(3) Establish a ledger to ensure that epidemic prevention services are safer and better.

　　Three, personnel in and out of the management criteria

　　1. Entrance and exit of the building (1) The property management company arranges special personnel to check the wearing of masks for all people entering and leaving the building. The wearing of masks must be in accordance with the norms and safety, and those who do not cooperate are not allowed to enter the building; (2) All personnel entering and leaving the building must complete the temperature test at the entrance and cooperate with the building staff to sign the Personal Health Commitment and Epidemic Prevention Book. Only after passing the temperature test and signing the letter of commitment can they enter the building;

　　(3) Assign special personnel to guide the personnel entering and leaving the building, so as to reduce the waiting time of the personnel in line, which not only ensures the effective control of the personnel entering and leaving the building, but also does not affect the personnel entering the building.

　　2. Parking lot

　　(1) Arrange a special person at the entrance of the parking lot to strictly control and monitor the body temperature of all the people entering the garage; (2) The white list issued by those with normal body temperature shall be recorded and kept, and no entry conditions shall be allowed;

　　(3) The fresh air in the underground parking lot shall last no less than 4 hours a day, and the vehicle parking area and main roads shall be disinfected no less than 2 times a day.

　　3. High exposure population

　　While prohibiting high-exposure people such as express delivery and take-out from entering the building, it is necessary to ensure that these items can reach customers safely and on time. (1) For express delivery, express delivery pick-up points can be set up in specific areas of the building, and the temperature of the courier can be detected and the express delivery disinfected to eliminate hidden dangers;

　　(2) For take-out, set up take-out and take-out points, and prohibit take-out and take-out personnel from entering the building, so as to reduce the risks brought by outsiders.

　　IV. Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Public Areas

　　1. Elevator (1) Restrict the passenger flow in the external area of the elevator, guide the owners of low floors to choose the stairs as far as possible, and try to avoid taking the elevator; (2) Reduce the density of people in the elevator hall and the number of people taking the elevator; (3) Cover the elevator button with plastic wrap and change it every hour; (4) In order to avoid cross-infection, the elevator car shall be disinfected once every hour, and the ratio concentration of disinfectant shall be increased;

　　(5) Put paper towels in the elevator car for people coming and going.

　　2. Central air conditioning system

　　(1) During the epidemic period, in order to avoid air cross-contamination, the return air valve of the floor air-conditioning treatment unit was closed, and the fresh air valve was fully opened, so that the system was turned into a new air mode; (2) Disinfect the air conditioning unit every week; (3) Open fresh air from 8: 00 to 18: 00 every day to ensure indoor air circulation;

　　(4) Give priority to natural wind ventilation to ensure smooth indoor air.

　　3. Office area

　　(1) Customize disinfection of the office area of the resident unit, and advocate regular ventilation in the office area; (2) When customers use the meeting for too long, remind them to open the window for ventilation once, and the time is not less than 5 minutes; (3) When no one uses the conference room, ventilate the doors/windows; (4) Ventilation for 2-3 times a day, each time for not less than half an hour;

　　(5) All control panels in the conference room shall be disinfected and covered with film, and the remote control equipment shall be covered with film and replaced every 2 hours;

　　4. Bathroom

　　(1) carry out high-frequency disinfection on the bathroom and strengthen ventilation; (2) Focus on the protection of hand contacts such as door handles and faucets, and increase the frequency of cleaning; (3) Adding antibacterial hand gel; (4) The exhaust fan in the toilet is always open;

　　(5) At the same time, increase the disinfection frequency depending on the number of users.

　　5. Functional area of the building

　　(1) The rest tables and chairs in the smoking area should be evacuated to avoid employees staying or gathering; (2) Stop using the visitor plane in the lobby to avoid infection brought in by outsiders;

　　(3) The maternity room and gym are suspended;

　　6. Building Restaurant

　　(1) Strengthen the health supervision of the staff of the catering company in the building, require the staff of the catering company to monitor their body temperature twice a day, and report to the property management company, and monitor the body temperature of the staff who enter the restaurant to take meals to ensure the safety and health of customers; (2) Dining staff in the building should adopt a separate dining system, and the staff should be equipped with separate tableware, and it is forbidden to gather and eat face to face;

　　(3) The temperature in the center of the meal is not lower than 75 degrees Celsius. All raw and cold meals should be suspended, and take-away food should be used instead of in-class food. Bring your own lunch box and have a healthy meal.

　　Five, prevention and control information publicity guidelines

　　1, offline publicity (1) set up "epidemic prevention and control" related signs indoors and outdoors; (2) Make publicity and guidance in conspicuous positions such as bulletin boards and elevator entrances of the building to enhance the protection awareness of merchants and employees; (3) Follow up the latest epidemic prevention measures and precautions in time on the LED display screen in the lobby and elevator entrance of the building;

　　(4) Remind the staff on each floor to do a good job in epidemic prevention, and guide all members of the building, Qi Xin, to work together to fight the epidemic.

　　2. Online publicity

　　(1) The property management enterprise arranges a special person to write a professional rework protection guide and push it through the enterprise official micro;

　　(2) For office epidemic prevention knowledge, employees can publicize it on various online platforms such as circle of friends and business households.

　　Six, epidemic prevention materials control guidelines

　　1. Material purchase: through various channels, accelerate the purchase of medical masks, alcohol, disinfectant, temperature measuring gun and other prevention and control materials, among which masks should have a certain amount of reserves to ensure timely distribution; 2. Material purchase

　　Strictly control the warehousing and warehousing management of epidemic materials, especially hazardous materials;

　　3, material distribution

　　Set up 1F entrance mask collection point, and provide special personnel to provide employees with mask collection and correct use guidance services on site every day.

　　Seven, other special epidemic prevention guidelines

　　1. Set up an isolation room (1) Set up a special isolation room in the building, and arrange for employees who have abnormal body temperature to enter the isolation room for a temporary rest;

　　(2) Arrange professional medical personnel to make further examination for those with abnormal body temperature.

　　2. Exclusive classification of discarded masks

　　(1) Set up a special trash can for recycling discarded masks on the periphery of the building to standardize the delivery of discarded masks; (2) Waste masks and other epidemic prevention articles are packaged separately and disinfected; (3) The garbage is treated by a closed extrusion garbage truck to reduce the spread of viruses;

　　(4) Increase the daily disinfection frequency of trash cans and cleaning rooms.

　　3. Provide errand service

　　In order to avoid the risk of virus spread caused by people gathering, employees of property companies can provide errands for customers. For example, the online ordering function is opened, and the daily menu is provided, which is delivered by specialized personnel.

　　Case sharing of epidemic prevention in characteristic commercial offices

　　I. Excellent Property

　　In order to ensure the normal and safe development of economic production order during the epidemic period, excellent property policy and scientific epidemic prevention, comprehensive prevention and control measures for returning to work were deployed in many office buildings across the country.

　　1, in and out of the gate and elevator high frequency disinfection:

　　The elevators are additionally provided with button covering film and elevator button special paper, and each elevator is disinfected with medical alcohol and the disinfection/replacement frequency is increased from 2 hours to 1 hour; At the same time, the exhaust facilities in the elevator are always open, increasing the number of air changes.

　　2. Set up temporary isolation room for epidemic detection and community linkage mechanism:

　　Set up a temporary isolation point in the peripheral area of the office building to isolate those who have exceeded the standard in body temperature detection and have symptoms such as cough and chest tightness, and inform the medical staff to take them away, while keeping the high-frequency area disinfected.

　　3, fully open online communication, information check at any time.

　　You can check the emergency announcements of office buildings during the epidemic by downloading and identifying the excellent O+APP/ applet, and you can communicate online in the property services module at any time. For partners who need property services during the epidemic, you can learn about the relevant service contents and the application methods of the contents in the O+ property services section and download the required application materials in advance.

　　4, peace of mind package, safe delivery

　　During the epidemic, Premier Property and Premier Commerce launched the "Peace of Mind Package" office delivery service. The property will be delivered by a dedicated person under overall management, and the exclusive channel for epidemic prevention and control will be delivered safely, effectively reducing the contact of unconventional personnel, reducing the risk of personnel contacting and spreading the epidemic, and ensuring office safety.

　　5. Set up express-take-away transfer station.

　　During the epidemic period, in order to reduce the contact frequency, the courier/takeaway personnel will deliver the goods to the courier cabinet or the designated area, and the excellent building distribution staff will uniformly control the goods and kill and protect the transfer station.

　　6, artificial+thermal imaging thermometer double guarantee

　　In order to identify the fever more conveniently and effectively, in the excellent and dense office building, a thermal imaging thermometer is used at the same time of manual temperature measurement, and a special person is assigned to monitor the temperature measurement of personnel in real time.

　　7, enterprise restaurant epidemic control

　　For corporate customers, there are staff restaurants. In terms of restaurant epidemic control, Zhuoyue Property has also formulated and launched a series of services for employees to eat with confidence. Including daily inspection of restaurants; Adjust the spacing and orientation of tables and chairs in the dining room to keep one-way dining; Assist corporate customers to customize the dining demand statistics, summarize the daily demand and package the catering suppliers in advance, so that employees can take the post-meal card to eat, and configure lunch box recycling points on each floor for unified disinfection.

　　Second, the new hope service

　　1, the establishment of epidemic prevention organizations, the full implementation of various measures.

　　The new hope service set up a three-level epidemic prevention organization at the first time, and the group-region-project was in a state of emergency epidemic prevention; Actively respond to the "first-level response" of public health and safety initiated by international and local governments, and strictly implement the national "Safety Production Law" and the enterprise project safety production management system (EHS management); For the temperature detection of customers and employees of commercial enterprises, their own employees, outsourced employees and foreigners, all personnel are required to wear masks, strengthen the management measures of entrances and exits, and implement temperature detection and real-name registration; Most employees cancel their vacations and have been fighting in the front line; Establish an emergency liaison organization for commercial and enterprise projects and implement "one daily report"; Start the inventory and reserve of epidemic prevention materials; Follow up and respond to the epidemic prevention information published by the health department, hospital and street office of the country and the city.

　　2, the implementation of internet plus wisdom.

　　Business buildings are often crowded with people, and most of them have migrated during the epidemic period. In order to ensure the health and safety of all enterprises and employees, New Hope Service cooperated with supplier partners to urgently develop and complete the access management system of "internet plus Smart Pass" in five days, and collected the necessary information on epidemic prevention for all the people entering and leaving, and checked and verified their health status and contact history in advance.

　　3, garage automatic spraying disinfection, pedestrian disinfection blanket

　　Auto-spraying disinfection is installed in the garage, and the wheel parts are disinfected centrally for safety and epidemic prevention; Pedestrians are provided with disinfection blankets and a 1-meter equidistant safe queuing area, so that customers can "be farther away and feel more at ease".

　　4. Elevator Jiugongge

　　Advocate low-floor customers to exercise and climb stairs; High-rise customers take the elevator in nine squares.

　　5, cloud disinfection

　　"Disinfection in the Cloud" The new service products developed during the epidemic period have stimulated small and micro enterprises to meet the epidemic prevention needs of owners and customers, while developing their own business, they have reduced the impact of the epidemic on the survival and development of small and micro enterprises.

　　6, box meal distribution

　　After the enterprise returns to work, it provides lunch box distribution for customers in the park/office building; The whole process of lunch box from production to distribution is ultraviolet disinfection, so that customers can rest assured of their office and life.

　　7. Joint epidemic prevention

　　New Hope Service creates a safe working environment for customers, not only for one customer, but also for the health of all enterprises and employees. We especially appeal to all enterprises to work together with New Hope Service to build an epidemic response plan and strengthen epidemic prevention from four dimensions: environment, personnel, materials and system.

　　III. Poly Commercial Property

　　Under the guidance of Poly Property Headquarters, Poly Commercial Property quickly compiled a number of special guiding documents, which not only created a set of "2358" office building epidemic prevention practical guidelines for hard-core epidemic prevention, but also formed a number of characteristic business-run epidemic prevention measures to prepare for the epidemic prevention for the majority of businesses to return to work.

　　1, the addition of "epidemic prevention gas station":

　　Starting from the details, an "epidemic prevention gas station" was added in the lobby of each project, equipped with disposable disinfection supplies to provide disinfection convenience for the majority of businesses.

　　2, thermal imaging infrared temperature measurement:

　　Projects such as Tianmu Square, International Plaza and Poly Clovis are equipped with thermal imaging temperature measuring equipment for temperature measurement, which can efficiently, quickly and safely measure the temperature of personnel, speed up the entry of businesses and avoid crowd gathering.

　　3. Special trash can for non-connected induction discarded masks:

　　Set up a non-contact intelligent induction trash can, and set up professional cleaning personnel to clean and disinfect it regularly, and then uniformly remove it from the street to reduce secondary pollution and infection caused by contact with pollutants when discarded.

　　4. Stick a nine-square grid on the elevator, a floor sticker indicating the queuing interval at the entrance and exit of the lobby, and a sole disinfection pool.

　　5, set up a takeaway pick-up point:

　　Staff canteens in office buildings shall formulate access guidelines, control the flow of people, replace in-class meals with takeout, and encourage bringing their own lunch boxes for healthy dining.

　　6, bottom business management:

　　Strengthen the patrol of shops and ask shops to do well in epidemic prevention work such as temperature measurement, disinfection and wearing masks; During the epidemic, convenience stores and restaurants were suspended.

　　IV. Zhongzhou Property

　　At present, it is at the peak of enterprises’ resumption of work and production, and it is also the key node to promote the anti-epidemic work of commercial properties. Zhongzhou Property has strengthened prevention and control measures to fully support office customers to return to work safely and efficiently.

　　1, staff epidemic prevention training and pre-job self-examination, security to protect customers in order to protect customers more safely, all projects strengthen the protection and logistics support of on-the-job front-line employees to ensure adequate supply of materials; Conduct employee self-examination before taking up the post to enhance the awareness of prevention; Grasp the dynamic whereabouts of employees who have not returned to work, and return to work only after compulsory isolation.

　　▲ In the case of national material shortage, each project mobilized all forces to reserve sufficient protective materials, and distributed protective gloves and masks to front-line employees every day to reassure employees and customers.

　　▲ Conduct daily knowledge training on epidemic prevention and control, so that everyone can understand and pay attention to the epidemic, so as to prevent the virus more effectively and scientifically; Front-line personnel self-test their body temperature before work every day, record the data, monitor in real time, and punch cards online for employees who have not returned to work every day.

　　2. Group prevention and control of the epidemic situation, and coordination of enterprises to return to work and fight the epidemic situation requires group prevention and control. At this time, the propaganda and prevention of the epidemic situation is particularly important. In the lobby of each office building project, various announcements such as warm tips on epidemic prevention, company epidemic prevention documents, epidemic prevention and control guidelines, etc. are placed, and important tips such as wearing masks and taking temperature when returning to work are broadcast on the electronic screen. At the same time, do our best to coordinate the resumption of work and production.

　　▲ Before the resumption of work, the property managers of each project repeatedly issued the notice of resumption of work in the customer base, actively assisted the enterprise to apply for resumption of work, kept in touch with customers at all times, and solved problems for customers online; And for the enterprises that have resumed work, disinfection and disinfection will be carried out to remind them to work in isolation and off-peak, and the property service center will do its utmost to help enterprises resume work safely.

　　3. Control personnel in and out, and build a security line to prevent the epidemic. SCC, Zhongzhou Building, Yiluan Building, Zhongjing Building, Quark Space and other projects will reduce the number of people/vehicles in and out, and set up epidemic monitoring points. If there is any abnormality, it will be reported in time. If there are external personnel working, health monitoring and registration are required; Customers and vehicles returning from outside the province are strictly registered, focusing on customers returning from Hubei. If there are fever cases, report them to the community for registration and testing in time.

　　▲ Set up temperature detection zone and temporary isolation zone, and strictly control the import and export of personnel and vehicles: set up temperature detection zone and temporary isolation zone at the entrance of the lobby for each project to detect everyone entering and leaving the building, and some projects use thermal imaging thermometers.

　　▲ Set up take-away and express transfer stations, lunch box recycling stations and special garbage bins for "discarded masks": In order to reduce personal contact, set up take-away and express transfer stations for each project for unified management and unified receiving and dispatching. At the same time, set up a lunch box recycling bin and a special garbage bin for "discarded lunch boxes" to separate the "discarded masks" from other garbage, and the property management personnel will disinfect them regularly.

　　4, scientific epidemic prevention, comprehensive disinfection office lobby public areas, elevators inside and outside, floor toilets, public central air conditioning and parking lot high-frequency disinfection, return to work project will adopt positive pressure air supply mode of central air conditioning, and open some curtain wall windows of the building to form ventilation convection, so as to ensure the safe supply of building ventilation and central air conditioning.

　　▲ High-frequency disinfection of public areas in the lobby, inside and outside elevators, floor toilets and parking lots of central air conditioners in public areas: property cleaning personnel disinfect public parts such as lobby, front desk, access gate, credit card reader and door handle every half hour; All lobby front desk, elevator hall, elevator and other dense places provide disposable disinfectant and disposable key paper for customers to access; Thoroughly and deeply clean and disinfect the bathroom sanitary ware at least twice a week; Disinfect and sterilize trash cans and garbage transfer stations in public areas at least twice a day without dead ends.

　　▲ Safeguard measures for central air-conditioning disinfection in public areas: the frequency of spraying disinfection at the outlet of central air-conditioning is increased to 4 times a day, so as to ensure that fresh air can be taken directly from the outside and there is no pollution source around, so as to keep the building fresh and meet the normal office needs; Each project focuses on cleaning, disinfection and disinfection of underground parking lots, garbage stations, greening around the project and all corners.

　　▲ Thoroughly disinfect important locations such as parking lots: each project focuses on cleaning, disinfection and disinfection of underground parking lots, garbage stations, greening around the project and all corners.

　　Extraordinary times, very protective. Zhongzhou Property declared war on the epidemic situation in COVID-19 with stricter control measures, more frequent environmental disinfection, more appropriate property management services and more efficient epidemic prevention actions, and took practical actions to protect businesses and defend their homes.

　　V. South China City Commercial Management

　　1, the introduction of special prevention and control guidelines, to adopt the "special rotation+party member Xianfeng Gang" model.

　　In order to help business owners in the park to improve their correct treatment of the epidemic, South China City Commercial Management issued the South China City Commercial Management Prevention novel coronavirus Epidemic Plan and the South China City Commercial Management novel coronavirus Epidemic Prevention and Control Operation Guide, so that every employee can understand the epidemic prevention and control and health knowledge, and carry out the epidemic prevention and control work correctly and effectively. In the publicity of prevention and control, the commercial management of South China City adopts the mode of "special person rotating guard+party member Xianfeng post", and the eight-city management project publicizes the knowledge of epidemic prevention and control around the clock.

　　2. Strengthen the control of the first line of defense for import and export. The professional market in the park covers a large area. In order to pay attention to the effectiveness of card point setting, each professional market only has one main entrance and exit, and the staff is on duty 24 hours a day to check the passing vehicles, so that every vehicle must be inspected and no one is missed. A strict registration and confirmation system is implemented for foreign personnel, so that the number of foreign personnel is clear and the detection effect is ensured.

　　3. Cooperate with the government, closely track and report in real time. The leaders of South China City Commercial Management cooperated with the port area industrial and commercial bureau, law enforcement bureau and other departments to investigate the relevant personnel discovered by the big data of the Ministry of Public Security, and carried out key epidemic prevention and disinfection on the surrounding areas and vehicles of the merchant. At the same time, the staff closely followed the development of the situation, cooperated with the port industrial and commercial bureau and professional medical staff to carry out medical examination on specific personnel, and reported the personnel’s condition to the government and the company in real time to ensure the first response, the first arrival and the first solution.

　　4. The matrix combination spread the propaganda of epidemic prevention and control everywhere. The leaders of the commercial management operation layer in South China City and the principal responsible persons of various departments went to work normally, issued prevention and control instructions in time, broadcast the prevention and control trends, closely monitored the implementation of epidemic prevention and control work in the park, and ensured that the organization, measures and publicity were in place. More than 3,000 epidemic prevention and control notices were posted and more than 800 banners were made. Outdoor big screen, real-time broadcast of epidemic prevention and control announcements and knowledge posters on outdoor LED screens at important intersections in various parks in the form of rolling play all day.

　　VI. Jindi Property

　　Jindi Property established a five-level prevention and control mechanism at the first time. Take Shenzhen Jindi Weixin Software Park as an example, because the property service team of Weixin Software Park experienced SARS in 2003 and accumulated rich experience, they quickly made an accurate prediction of the epidemic situation, timely reserved epidemic prevention materials, and deployed them to the relevant property service personnel in Shenzhen to rework on duty on the premise of meeting the government’s epidemic prevention screening and regulations for duty personnel.

　　Part of the five-level epidemic prevention mechanism of Jindiweixin

　　Set up temporary isolation zone

　　Yi Labao, exhibition stands, banners, etc. for epidemic prevention publicity are put into the project; Robot Xiaojin also joined the ranks of epidemic prevention propaganda; At the same time, do a good job in epidemic prevention tips at customer contacts. Comprehensively strengthen the epidemic prevention awareness of office workers in buildings.

　　Set up a temporary isolation zone. If the temperature is higher than 37.2℃, it should be isolated immediately, and report it to the command team immediately, organize the evacuation of personnel in relevant areas, and seal the relevant areas; After being proved by the hospital that the over-temperature personnel have eliminated the abnormality, organize the comprehensive disinfection of the work area; If abnormalities cannot be ruled out, or suspected cases with fever, cough, fatigue and other symptoms are found, they should be reported to the superior leaders at the first time, and then reported to the community, CDC and other relevant government departments after approval by the command group, and handled according to the guidance of professional departments.

　　At the same time, Jindi Property uses Jindi Commercial Service to manage APP Gelink intelligently to help fight the epidemic, and its business advocates online handling to reduce unnecessary close contact; Set up "Golden Day" protection tips online and regularly forward publicity and epidemic prevention knowledge. In addition, each project forms a daily epidemic prevention and control report and publishes it, which is open and transparent, so that customers can work with confidence.

　　GelinkAPP helps epidemic prevention

　　Disclaimer: The views in this article only represent the author’s views. The copyright belongs to Yihan Think Tank.

　　Please do not reprint without authorization. If you need to reprint, please contact the backstage or leave a message after this article.

　　Please indicate the source when reprinting: ehresearch.

　　Thanks for your cooperation!

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Yihan Think Tank. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　[New Car Launch] At the recently opened 2016, the famous manufacturer released the final version of the model. In the future, Agera will be officially replaced as a brand-new sports car product of Koenigsegg.

　　Agera is a super sports car launched by Koenigsegg in 2010, followed by Agera R, Agera S, Agera HH, Agera RS and models, and the final version of ——Agera One of 1 this time also marks the curtain call of Agera models.

　　The appearance of the new car refers to the design style of Agera One:1. The overall appearance of the new car is orange-red with carbon fiber, and the number of carbon fiber spoilers on both sides of the front bumper is increased to four, making it look more aggressive.

　　As for the rear part, we can’t see the specific changes because of the opening of the rear hatch cover, but according to official data, the rear active spoiler can provide 455kg downforce when the new car reaches 260km/h and 650kg downforce when it reaches 440 km/h. In addition, the One of 1 logo on the side fender of the new car is different from the old model.

　　In terms of interior, the new car is decorated with black leather and orange stitching, and the visual effect is excellent. In addition, the car is also equipped with carbon fiber air outlets and decorative panels, which highlights the sporty atmosphere.

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a 5.0LV8 engine, with a maximum of 1,360 horsepower and a peak of 1,371 Nm. Compared with ONE:1, it increases 19 horsepower. In terms of transmission, the engine is matched with a 7-speed.

　　Thanks to the all-carbon fiber construction and design of the new car, the self-weight of the new car is only 1375kg, which is 20kg lighter than Agera RS and even 55kg lighter than ONE:1. According to the official, the 0-100km/h acceleration of the new car takes only 2.8 seconds, reaching 440km/h rapidly. (Text/car home Bao Jinchen; Figure/Team in front of car home)

　　Read more:

　　Two new cars Koenigsegg announced the lineup of Geneva Motor Show.
　　//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201602/884819.html

Nehe city Rong media center

Have you ever paid attention to carcinogens around you? Recently, the topic of "super carcinogen Aspergillus flavus around us" has attracted attention in Weibo.

Aflatoxin is a strong carcinogen produced by Aspergillus flavus! As early as 1993, aflatoxin was classified as a class 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization, with its toxicity 68 times that of arsenic, 10 times that of potassium cyanide, and 70 times that of dimethylnitrosamine, which is extremely destructive to liver tissue. Regular intake may increase the risk of liver cancer. [1]

In addition to aflatoxin, there are actually some "carcinogens" around us, which are likely to enter the diet and life every day.

1. Aflatoxin: moldy grain and nuts.

Among moldy foods, one kind of mildew comes from Aspergillus flavus, especially in grain. In 2007, an assessment of dietary exposure of Chinese aflatoxin published in China Journal of Food Hygiene pointed out that corn and rice were the main contribution foods to dietary exposure of Chinese aflatoxin. [2]

Reproduction and use of copyright pictures in the gallery may lead to copyright disputes.

In addition, peanuts and peanut oil may also contain aflatoxin.

Common sources of aflatoxin

Moldy corn, rice

Moldy, especially in foods with high starch content, such as corn and rice.

Deteriorated nut

When you eat bitter nuts, you must spit them out immediately and rinse your mouth.

Broken and unclean bamboo and wood chopsticks

Chopsticks themselves will not grow Aspergillus flavus, and starch is easily hidden in unwashed chopsticks, which poses a risk of mildew.

Inferior sesame paste

Using inferior and deteriorated sesame seeds and peanuts as raw materials, aflatoxin may exist in peanuts.

Earth-pressed peanut oil

Some "earth-squeezed oil" or self-squeezed oil has no quality control, and the equipment is not easy to be thoroughly cleaned, and the residual oil stains and grain residues are easy to mildew. [3]

2. benzopyrene: food that has been roasted and fried at high temperature.

Pan Zhanhe, deputy chief physician of the Oncology Department of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, said in the Health Times article in 2017 that heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be produced in the production process by barbecue or smoking, among which the most well-known one is benzopyrene, which may be contained in many baked and smoked foods. [4]

A study published in Jinan University in 2018 found that the intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the barbecue process was: eating barbecue food > skin contact > lung inhalation.

This means that during barbecue, the skin absorbs more carcinogens than the lungs inhale. [5]

Common sources of benzopyrene

roast

It may be produced during barbecue or smoking.

High temperature fried food

Cooking oil will produce a lot of benzopyrene at high temperature, and the higher the oil temperature, the more it will be produced.

Cooking oil fume

The cooking fume will also carry benzopyrene, so don’t wait for the oil in the pot to smoke before putting the food. [6]

3. nitrosamines: smoked and pickled food.

Zhang Qin, vice president of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, said in the program "Meeting a Famous Doctor" on Jiangsu City Channel in 2019 that smoked bacon food contains a lot of nitrosamines, and the incidence of some digestive system tumors, such as esophageal cancer, is related to the intake of nitrosamines in the diet. When smoked food and wine are ingested together, the harm of nitrosamines to human health will multiply. [7]

Reproduction and use of copyright pictures in the gallery may lead to copyright disputes.

Pickled products often contain more nitrite. Although nitrite itself does not cause cancer, it will combine with protein to form nitrosamines when it enters the body. In addition, some nitrosamine compounds, such as nitrosodimethylamine, will be produced in the process of dehydration of Chinese salted fish, which are carcinogenic. [8]

Common sources of nitrosamines or nitrites

Processed meat products

Nitrite is added to some processed meat products such as sausages, ham and bacon.

Overnight dish

Overnight vegetables, especially overnight green leafy vegetables, will produce nitrite, and the nutrition will be discounted.

Smoked and cured food

Pickles, salted fish, bacon, high-salt pickled and smoked foods contain nitrite. For example, the most nitrite in pickles is between two or three days and ten days after the start of pickling. [9]

4. Tobacco tar: inhaled by tobacco burning.

Smoking and second-hand tobacco smoke are classified as Class 1 carcinogens. During the burning process of cigarettes, nearly 4000 new chemicals are formed. Most of these substances are harmful to people, among which nicotine, nitric oxide and tobacco tar are the most harmful, and the latter is the chief culprit of cancer. [10]

Moreover, smoking is not only a kind of cancer that causes lung cancer, but also closely related to the occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral cancer, esophageal cancer and other related cancers.

5. Acetaldehyde: an intermediate product produced after drinking.

The main component of wine is ethanol, which is oxidized into acetaldehyde after entering liver cells. The latter is hepatotoxic and carcinogenic, and excessive accumulation in the body will cause serious harm to the liver. [11]

Reproduction and use of copyright pictures in the gallery may lead to copyright disputes.

Acetaldehyde related to the intake of alcoholic beverages is classified as a class 1 carcinogen. According to the statistics in the 2014 World Cancer Report, 3.5% of cancers are caused by alcohol, and one in every 30 cancer deaths is caused by alcohol. [12]

Although there are various carcinogens around us, carcinogens can cause some cancers, which refers to a possibility after long-term and excessive intake. If you only eat a little occasionally or touch it occasionally, don’t worry, it’s still safe.

Original title: "Five super carcinogens hidden around you, see if you eat them often! 》

Read the original text

　　[New Car Launch in car home] On the evening of November 12th, Ferrari officially announced on its website that its (|) convertible model, the Ferrari SF90 Spider, made its world debut. The new car will be equipped with a convertible mechanism that can be opened and closed electrically, which is the first convertible hybrid model produced indefinitely after Ferrari LaFerrari Aperta. It is reported that the new car will be delivered before the end of spring or early summer in 2021.

"Screenshot of the global online conference, please forgive the poor quality"

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

● New car features
Ferrari’s first plug-in hybrid production convertible model

　　In terms of appearance, the new car is basically the same as the hard-top version of SF90 Stradale, with an active aerodynamic kit integrated on the front enclosure, and the "Tomahawk"-shaped front nose cone is reminiscent of F1 racing cars. The headlight groups on both sides of the new car adopt the shape of the letter "L" and merge with the air inlet below, which also forms an air bridge design on the front engine compartment cover to increase the downforce of the front of the new car.

　　On the side of the car body, the new car adopts a very streamlined shape, and the design of different colors on the roof and body highlights the unique body lines of its sports car. The new car adopts a folding hardtop convertible mechanism, which can be opened and closed in only 14 seconds, and the convertible only takes up 100 liters of trunk space when it is put away. Starting from the B-pillar of the car body, the whole rear cover has become a mechanism that can be opened upwards, so as to retract the roof into the "trunk". In addition, the opening mechanism does not affect the overall line of the side air intake and roof of the new car, and it still looks smooth. The wide side fenders at the front and rear of the new car, with 20-inch spokes and ceramic carbon fiber braking system, make the new car look full of gas.

　　In the rear part, the new car uses a duck-tail spoiler with a large size. Although it is a hard-top convertible design, the rear cabin cover is still made of glass. After the convertible is put away, you can still see the powerful V8 engine, and you can enjoy the roar brought by the V8 engine and the quiet under pure electric cruise. Both of them are very comfortable. The exhaust system with the center and double outlets has also been specially adjusted by Ferrari, which can make a more pleasant sound. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4704/1973/1191mm and the wheelbase is 2649mm respectively.

　　In the interior part, the new car still adopts the center console design that surrounds the driver’s seat, and its surface is covered with a large number of carbon fiber component decorative panels. Of course, the corresponding materials can also be customized according to the needs of users. The new car adopts an all-LCD dashboard, which integrates a newly designed HMI human-computer interaction interface, and the vehicle information with digital display style is clear at a glance. With the touch-type multifunctional flat-bottomed sports steering wheel, the driver can complete various multimedia operations and vehicle regulation without leaving the steering wheel. In addition, the new car also introduces a head-up display system, which can project the main information on the windshield in the driver’s field of vision, so that the driver can concentrate on driving.

　　In terms of power, the new car is still equipped with a plug-in hybrid power system consisting of a 3.9T twin-turbocharged V8 engine and three motors. The comprehensive power of the system is 1,000 horsepower, and the pure electric battery life can reach 25 kilometers. In terms of transmission system, the new car is matched with an 8-speed dual-clutch gearbox and equipped with a full-time four-wheel drive system (RAC-e). The acceleration time of 0-100km/h is 2.5 seconds, and the acceleration time of 0-200km/h is only 7 seconds. In addition, the car will provide four power modes for the driver to choose from. It is worth mentioning that the new car will provide the owner with regular maintenance service for up to seven years. The seven-year original factory maintenance plan is also for all Ferrari models, and covers regular routine maintenance for the first seven years.

● New car background

　　Ferrari SF90 Stradale was launched in the world on May 30, 2019, and was launched and listed in China on October 29 of the same year. The price of the new car was 3.988 million yuan. The launch of SF90 Stradale was to pay tribute to the 90th anniversary of the founding of Ferrari, and it was also a brand-new positioning car launched by Ferrari for many years. Different from the traditional convertible sports car, V8 sports car, V12 sports car, GT sports car and flagship sports car, the new car is a work of art that Ferrari engineers combine track genes accumulated for many years with new plug-in hybrid technology, and it is also an important product launched by Ferrari for electrification transformation.

● Edit Comment:

　　In fact, it seems that the global epidemic has not affected the sales of these ultra-luxury models too much, and the rich will still be obsessed with customizing all kinds of super sports cars. The Ferrari SF90 model is not only the representative of Ferrari technology, but also a rare hybrid version of Ferrari production models. After enjoying the stimulation brought by the twin-turbo V8 engine, it can also contribute to the global environmental protection cause. After all, the new car is different from LaFerrari Aperta, and the SF90 can drive in a purely electric way.

　　According to Ferrari’s electrification process, although Ferrari said that it would not let its models completely enter the era of pure electrification in the short term, it is undeniable that the power increase brought by electrification cannot be ignored. SF90 is such a model that integrates Ferrari’s cutting-edge electrification technology, which not only brings powerful power performance, but also leads Ferrari into a new energy era. (Text/car home graduated)

　　Pilot enterprise units of automobiles imported from the same source, directly from overseas and in parallel. At present, Tianjin Port imports 2023 models of 1500TRX Tyrannosaurus Rex showroom in parallel, and now many cars are sold. The invoice is issued on the same day when the procedures are complete. There is no regional restriction on the national six B emission standards, and the country has settled down and registered normally. With the diversification of people’s car demand, pickup truck models are also loved by more and more people. Multi-choice models with rich colors, direct sales to all parts of the country, and professional national mortgage loans to buy cars. For more details, please call the 24-hour car consultation hotline: 18822276757 Ou Manager (with WeChat).

　　2023 Dodge 1500TRX Tyrannosaurus Rex, in terms of design, Dodge RAM was previously dubbed "Tyrannosaurus Rex" by Chinese people, which looks fierce and focuses on hard-core wild style. The front part of the large irregular mesh is very eye-catching, and the periphery is outlined with thick black ornaments, plus the internal blackened mesh structure, which is aggressive. The middle "RAM" letter is also blackened, so the recognition is improved. The headlights on both sides are tough, and the embedded light source is dot matrix layout, so there is no need to worry about the irradiation effect after opening. The front bumper is very generous and layered, which can play a good protective role. It also adds three light sources in the middle part of the hood, which cooperates with the air inlet structure and is very windy when driving in the street.

　　The 2023 Dodge RAM1500TRX Tyrannosaurus Rex came to the side, and the large black wheel eyebrows at the front and rear of Dodge RAM were very eye-catching. The excellent height from the ground indicated that it also had good traffic capacity in a variety of complex road conditions. The size of the multi-spoke wheel hub is very prominent, and the surface of the off-road special tire is densely covered with gullies, which has excellent grip. The exterior rearview mirror extends outward for a certain distance, so that the observation field is wider and it is convenient for drivers to master the road conditions at the rear.

　　The 2023 Dodge RAM1500TRX Tyrannosaurus Rex has shown strong competitiveness in many aspects, helping it seize more living space in the field of luxury pickup trucks. Its rough appearance will be favored by consumers, and its strong power is a big advantage. However, the price of the car is too expensive, the fuel economy is not very friendly, and the follow-up maintenance costs, its audience is still relatively limited, it is difficult to obtain very eye-catching sales data.

　　The 2023 Dodge RAM1500TRX Tyrannosaurus Rex walked into the car, and the interior configuration of Dodge RAM was a little crude compared with many pure electric vehicles. It still retains the mechanical pointer instrument panel, but it is more suitable for its hard-core pickup positioning. The large embedded central control screen has good definition and rich built-in functions, but a large number of traditional physical buttons and knobs are reserved around it, which is convenient for drivers to realize "blind operation" while driving, but the scientific and technological atmosphere is greatly reduced. The multi-function steering wheel is a bright spot. Not only the layout of the function buttons above is compact, but also carbon fiber decorative materials are added. The visual beauty and control feel are worthy of recognition.

　　2023 Dodge RAM1500TRX Tyrannosaurus Rex, in terms of power, Dodge RAM is equipped with a 6.2L supercharged engine, which can obtain a maximum power of 523 kW and a peak torque of 880 Nm. The engine is also applied to Hellcat, and its strong and abundant performance output is loved by many consumers. Its transmission is matched with an 8-speed automatic manual transmission, and the gear shift is smooth. Of course, the four-wheel drive system is not absent, helping the car to have a reliable ability to get out of trouble. It is worth mentioning that the car only takes 4.6 seconds to accelerate for 100 kilometers, and its top speed can reach 190km/h, so it can be regarded as a "performance beast". In order to improve driving comfort, it not only covers the seat with leather material, but also is equipped with the exclusive suspension system of TRX model.

　　Pilot enterprise units of automobiles imported from the same source, directly from overseas and in parallel. The car models sold by our company can apply for loans all over the country, with low interest, simple procedures, no handling fees and quick approval. Add WeChat to buy a car and get a luxury gift package worth 10,000 yuan. WeChat updates the latest model quotation and picture configuration every day, and more car information configuration quotations and preferential activities are published on WeChat. Welcome to add! Our company promises that this vehicle is a brand-new vehicle imported from the original factory, and provides the official customs clearance, commodity inspection, invoice, certificate of conformity, environmental protection list, two-dimensional code of vehicle electronic information and vehicle purchase tax declaration form for this vehicle. For more details, please call the 24-hour car consultation hotline: 18822276757 Ou Manager (with WeChat).

　　For more details, please call the 24-hour car consultation hotline: 18822276757 Ou Manager (with WeChat).

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

In 2023, online celebrity Car will be the M7, but in 2024, online celebrity Car will become the M9. Thanks to Huawei’s belief, the M7 has achieved excellent order performance, so we will look forward to the monthly delivery limit of the M9.

According to the previous reports, the cumulative success of the M9 has exceeded the 40,000 mark, which is an excellent performance for a self-owned brand new energy vehicle with a price of over 500,000. "Far ahead" may really not be an advertisement.

So, where is the bottom spirit of M9′ s "far ahead"? The author shot M9 in the shop a few days ago. Let’s find the answer together.

In terms of appearance, the front face of Wenjie M9 adopts a relatively rounded design style, and the closed grille is more common for new energy vehicles. There are raised ribs on both sides of the front hatch cover, which has a strong sense of strength; The headlight group adopts blackening treatment, and supports projection function, which is connected by penetrating daytime running lights, effectively stretching the horizontal visual width of the front face.

The lower enclosing part adopts three-stage design, and the fenders on both sides are designed with vertically arranged guide grooves, which can improve aerodynamic performance; At the bottom, there is a large rectangular air inlet, and the interior is decorated with a banner structure, which has a strong sense of layering. The roof is also equipped with a laser radar, which means supporting high-order assisted driving functions.

In terms of side modeling, the two-color body creates a suspended roof, and the style is more fashionable; The roof is equipped with a thick luggage rack, which effectively increases the sense of strength; The waistline is through, and the chrome-plated strips around the window and the side skirt highlight the layering of the side of the car body, and at the same time make the visual effect look slender; The door handle adopts a pop-up shape, which can reduce the wind resistance; The wheel hub adopts multi-frame modeling, which gives people a more atmospheric feeling.

In terms of tail modeling, the roof is equipped with a large spoiler and high-position brake lights, and the blackened taillight group adopts a penetrating design, which effectively stretches the lateral visual width of the tail; The license plate frame area adopts concave design, which embellishes the three-dimensional sense of the rear of the car; The shape of the lower enclosing part is relatively simple, with small fog lights integrated on both sides and silver-gray rubbing plates at the bottom.

In terms of dimensions, the length, width and height of the bound M9 are 5230/1999/1800mm and the wheelbase is 3110mm, respectively, and it is positioned as a large SUV.

The interior belongs to a relatively simple design style, including a three-position multi-function steering wheel, an all-LCD instrument panel, an embedded central control panel, a co-pilot entertainment screen and an electronic fender. The overall sense of science and technology is relatively in place, and the central control panel runs HarmonyOS OS, which shows excellent performance in both functionality and fluency.

Seats adopt a six-seat layout of 2+2+2, the second row adopts two independent seats, and the central passage is relatively wide, which is convenient for the passengers in the third row to get on and off. The electric adjustment/ventilation/heating/massage of the first and second rows of seats are standard in the whole system, and the third row of seats also supports electric adjustment and heating functions.

In terms of assisted driving function, Wenjie M9 is equipped with assisted driving hardware consisting of a laser radar, 11 cameras, 12 ultrasonic radars and 3 millimeter-wave radars, which can realize high-speed NOA function, and the urban NOA function needs to be opened for a fee.

In terms of configuration, the M9 comes standard with air suspension, panoramic image, front and rear parking radar, sectional non-openable sunroof, automatic wiper, front 50W wireless charging, 25-speaker speaker and other functions.

In terms of power, the extended range version is equipped with a hybrid system consisting of a 1.5T range extender and two motors. The maximum power of the range extender is 112kW, the combined maximum power of the two motors is 365kW, the peak torque is 675N·m, and the zero acceleration time is 4.9 seconds. The battery pack capacity is 42kWh, the pure electric cruising range under CLTC condition is 225km, and the comprehensive cruising range under WLTC condition can reach 1210km.

Moreover, the extended-range version can also be equipped with a 52kWh battery pack. The pure electric cruising range of CLTC is increased to 275km, and the comprehensive cruising range of WLTC can reach 1239km.

The pure electric version is also equipped with front and rear dual motors, with a comprehensive maximum power of 390kW, a peak torque of 673N·m, and an acceleration time of 4.3 seconds. The capacity of the battery pack is 100kWh, and the pure electric cruising range of CLTC is 630km.

Concluding remarks

Through experience, the author was deeply impressed by the space and configuration of the M9. Although the appearance is full of atmosphere, the originality is not particularly high. The interior has a certain sense of science and technology, but the black edge of the instrument panel is wide, which affects the sense of grade to some extent.

At the same level, the biggest advantage of the M9 is the driver assistance function. Even though the actual effect is not clear, users trust Huawei, which is unmatched by any other brand. Perhaps this is the strength of being far ahead.

　　　　　 　On June 12, at the fixed-point sorting and dropping point of domestic garbage in the steel ball community of Jiulongpo District, residents dropped garbage under the guidance of sorting garbage inspectors.

　　　　　 In the Steel Ball Community of Jiulongpo District, points can be exchanged for gifts by using bonus cards.

　　　　　 　On July 10th, in Mei ‘an Community, Longfengqiao Street, Beibei District, the preacher was explaining the knowledge of garbage classification to the community residents. Correspondent Qin Tingfu photo

On June 10th, the smart platform for garbage sorting in Liangjiang New Area can monitor the correct delivery rate, points and other data in real time.

On June 12, in the Steel Ball Community of Jiulongpo District, the recycler was cleaning up the garbage in the recyclable smart box.

On June 18, in the community of Tianhumei Town, Renhe Street, Liangjiang New District, the staff were cleaning up perishable garbage.

　　All the pictures in this edition were taken by reporter Zhang Jinhui except the signature.

On July 1st, it was called the strictest garbage sorting measure in history — — With the implementation of "Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Shanghai", garbage classification has become a hot word that has set off major websites and gossip in the country.

Shanghai’s promotion of waste sorting is real, and Chongqing’s waste sorting is also accelerating. At present, the garbage classification system in the main urban area of our city has covered more than 1.1 million households in 43 towns and 306 communities. The overall level of waste sorting in Chongqing is above the average in 46 key cities in China, and it is temporarily in the forefront in the west.

In 2020, Chongqing will carry out domestic waste classification demonstration in 50% of streets and towns and 30% of administrative villages in urban built-up areas.

Zhu Xinglong, general manager of Nanjing Zhida Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., has often staged a "Tale of Two Cities" recently. At the end of June, he just attended the press conference that Zhida was selected as a gazelle enterprise in Nanjing in 2019, and flew to Liangjiang New District in Chongqing to learn about the company’s pilot waste sorting in Yuanyang Street and Dazhulin Street.

Zhu Xinglong is a "crab eater" in the field of garbage classification in Chongqing. In 2009, he established the first private garbage sorting and recycling station in our city — — Chongqing Hengao Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., Ltd. tried to classify garbage in the main city for 5 years, but the loss was more than 10 million yuan. In desperation, he moved to Nanjing and found business opportunities, and the company developed into a national garbage sorting enterprise.

In 2014, when Zhu Xinglong left Chongqing, there were less than 20,000 residents and less than 80,000 people in the main city of Chongqing. Today, the number of residents in the main city participating in the waste sorting pilot has expanded to more than 1.1 million households and millions of people.

From losing Chongqing to returning to Chongqing for gold digging, Zhu Xinglong, the "king of garbage", went back and forth, which reflected the change from "cold" to "hot" in the pilot garbage sorting in our city in the past 10 years.

In the past, garbage was exchanged, and now intelligent garbage collectors enter the community.

Zhu Xinglong still remembers it vividly: in 2009, when he tried to classify garbage in Jiulongpo District, he adopted the extensive classification method of garbage exchange — — Residents call, and the company’s garbage sorter comes to the door to sort, weigh, pay and take away the waste and send it to various resource recycling centers. In order to attract popularity, Zhu Xinglong also engages in some activities from time to time, such as changing mineral water bottles for eggs and changing waste newspapers for paper.

Ten years later, Chongqing’s garbage sorting method has become fine.

Recently, the reporter saw in the No.7 residential area in the Mid-Levels of Jiulongpo District that an intelligent garbage recycling system was set up in the residential area. The words "waste paper", "metal", "textiles" and "plastic bottles" were written on each collection box, and it was clear which window should be put in which kind of garbage.

"Every household has a smart card. As long as the garbage is put correctly, the card will get points." Wang Lanfang, a resident of No.7 residential area in Mid-Levels, said that one kilogram of cardboard is 100 points, and each plastic bottle is 4 points … … The community also has a point exchange machine like a vending machine, where residents can exchange towels, soap and other daily necessities.

Since the intelligent garbage collector entered No.7 Mid-Levels, the community has a garbage sorting instructor, and the accuracy of residents’ garbage sorting has increased to 82%. However, there are still many households who question whether the classified garbage will be mixed and transported.

This kind of worry is not unreasonable.

The Research Center for Environment and Economic Policy of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has conducted a survey on the behavior of household garbage classification. Respondents think that "garbage is not classified when it is transported centrally, and there is no need to classify it", accounting for 59.6%; "I don’t know the progress and results of garbage disposal after classification, and I have no sense of accomplishment", accounting for 34.5%.

In response to these concerns of residents, Chongqing has made some efforts.

In the Steel Ball Community of Jiulongpo District, the reporter saw that the garbage bins in this community were regularly classified and placed at fixed points, indicating the collection and transportation time and transportation direction of each kind of garbage — —

Perishable garbage is collected and transported to Jiangbei Heishizi kitchen waste treatment plant from 9: 00 to 10: 00 every morning; Other garbage is collected and transported to the solid waste transfer center of Chendang Road from 9: 00 to 11: 00 every morning, compressed and then sent to the garbage incineration power plant; Recyclable materials are collected and transported from 2: 00 pm to 5: 00 pm every day and transported to Chendang Road Solid Waste Transfer Center; Harmful waste, it is collected and shipped once a month.

"The Sanitation Group is equipped with 520 sanitation transport vehicles, and each type of collection and transportation vehicle can only collect and transport its corresponding garbage type, and there is video surveillance throughout the transportation." He Yongquan, chief engineer of Environmental Sanitation Group, introduced that the Group has also installed a life cycle management system for waste sorting in some communities. Tap this intelligent system and enter the corresponding garbage classification card number, so residents can know the detailed information of garbage loading time, transportation and treatment.

The pilot is easy to popularize, but it is difficult to classify waste in Chongqing. There are three obstacles.

In China, it is easy to pilot waste sorting, but it is difficult to promote it continuously, and Chongqing is no exception.

Many people in the industry believe that the residents’ participation rate needs to be improved, the collection and transportation system is not perfect enough, and the classification and disposal are not thorough enough, which are the three "obstacles" in the process of garbage classification and promotion in our city.

"The most difficult thing to break through in garbage classification is the source classification of residents." Zhu Xinglong said that the company used the big data system to analyze the characteristics of people involved in garbage sorting, and found that 70% of residents were over 60 years old, and 10% were middle-aged people around 40 years old.

Not only that, tens of thousands of smart garbage collectors are not available in every community. For example, there are more than 60,000 pilot households in Yuzhong District, and only about 10 sets of smart garbage collectors are installed.

"It is a technical job to divide hundreds of kinds of garbage into recyclables, perishable garbage, other garbage and harmful waste." Mr. Zhang, who lives in Ranjiaba, said that he noticed that Chongqing has not yet developed an App or program to help residents sort garbage.

The difficulty of garbage sorting in Chongqing also stems from the terrain limitations of mountain cities.

According to an industry insider, many cities in China have launched the action of "withdrawing barrels", thus forcing citizens to develop good classification habits. There are many high-rise buildings in Chongqing, and citizens are not used to throwing garbage downstairs. It is unrealistic to carry out a large-scale "barrel withdrawal" operation.

A set of data also confirms the problem of insufficient coverage of garbage classification in our city.

At present, the proportion of households covered by the pilot project of domestic waste classification in the main city is 23.58%, which is lower than the average proportion of households participating in waste classification in 46 key cities determined by the state, which is 38.3%.

In addition to the front-end classified delivery link, Chongqing is also facing confusion in the back-end classified collection, classified transportation and classified disposal.

Integrating the classified collection and transportation system of garbage with the recycling system of renewable resources is conducive to improving the efficiency of classified collection and transportation of domestic garbage and resource utilization. However, Fu Yuechao, a researcher at the Development Research Center of the municipal government, found that high-value waste products such as copper, aluminum and cartons are "fragrant cakes", and enterprises are scrambling to collect them, but waste furniture, foam, glass bottles, milk boxes and batteries are neglected. "Cleaning glass and milk cartons is troublesome, which increases the recycling cost. Recycling batteries, medicines and other harmful waste, enterprises need qualifications, and it is difficult for ordinary enterprises to take over. "

Another phenomenon that can’t be ignored is that although Chongqing is in the forefront of the country in terms of waste incineration power generation and kitchen waste treatment, with an average daily treatment of about 2,000 tons of kitchen waste and more than 8,000 tons of waste incineration power generation, harmful waste’s disposal is still a "short board".

According to the information provided by the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, there are currently 63 hazardous waste management units in the city, with the utilization and disposal capacity of 1.345 million tons/year. The demand and capacity of hazardous waste disposal in the city have not been completely matched, and the collection, transportation and transit storage facilities and equipment in harmful waste need to be further supplemented and improved.

43 towns and streets carried out pilot projects to incorporate garbage classification into urban management target assessment.

With the drastic measures of garbage sorting in Shanghai, all major cities in China are "smelling garbage and dancing", and Chongqing is also actively preparing for the test of garbage sorting.

"This year, there are 43 streets and towns in the main city to pilot waste sorting, accounting for 47% of the total number of streets and towns." According to a person from the Municipal Urban Management Bureau, in order to promote the garbage sorting work, the city implemented the "Measures for the Management of Domestic Waste Classification in Chongqing" in January this year, requiring transport units to refuse to transport if they find that the delivery and collection of domestic waste do not meet the classification requirements and refuse to rectify.

At the same time, the city has established a system of "monthly dark investigation, quarterly evaluation", "monthly report and quarterly notification", and each district in the main city has a classification work leading group or joint meeting system. The Municipal Urban Management Bureau also conducts unannounced visits and special law enforcement actions from time to time, and incorporates garbage classification into the evaluation content of urban management objectives.

In order to guide more people to participate in garbage sorting, the city has established a "four-level" instructor system for cities, districts, towns and communities, organized activities such as "municipal demonstration of youth volunteer service" and "hands-on" in garbage sorting, and compiled and printed a classification knowledge reader for children, primary schools and middle schools.

Many departments in Chongqing are engaged in the craze of garbage sorting — —

The Municipal Development and Reform Commission supports the construction of PPP projects in the field of waste sorting, and actively builds an investment and financing pattern of "government-led, market-driven and diversified investment";

City, District Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee will incorporate the classification of domestic waste into the supervision and inspection of property enterprises, and urge property enterprises to implement waste classification;

The Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment strives to build (rebuild and expand) five hazardous waste centralized incineration and landfill projects and seven medical waste disposal projects in 2020, and add more than 11,300 tons of medical waste centralized disposal, basically realizing the matching of hazardous waste disposal demand and capacity in the city;

The Municipal Commission of Commerce will accelerate the "two-network integration" of the renewable resource recycling system and the domestic waste classification collection and transportation system, and strive for each waste classification and recycling demonstration site to have renewable resource recycling enterprises to recycle in time.

At the same time, a number of "short-board" sanitation infrastructure projects are also being promoted. As soon as the end of this year, Xiajiaba large-scale garbage secondary transfer station in Yubei District will be put into use. By then, the total transfer scale of the three major domestic garbage secondary transfer stations in the main city (the other two are Zouma in Jiulongpo District and Jieshi in Banan District) can reach 9,600 tons/day. Our city is building the largest and most comprehensive waste sorting and utilization industrial park in Yubei — — Luoqi Vein Industrial Park, covering an area of about 5,000 mu, can treat kitchen waste, fruit and vegetable waste, building waste and general industrial waste at the same time after it is put into use in 2020.

How to push experts to make suggestions on garbage classification

Zhu Dajian, Director of Institute of Sustainable Development and Management, Tongji University:

In the past, garbage sorting was often carried out by the sanitation department alone, but now it needs to be coordinated. The responsibility of individuals and units should be clarified through legislation, and the garbage classification should be changed from government solo to social chorus.

Fu Yuechao, researcher of Chongqing Municipal Government Development Research Center:

Without a prosperous industrial ecology of garbage sorting, it is difficult for garbage sorting to become a reality from ideas, regulations and requirements. We should fully consider the reality of garbage collection and transportation in China and build an industrial chain from classified delivery to collection, transportation, disposal and use, and policy support should cover the whole industrial chain. For example, cities such as Nanjing subsidize the recycling of low-value waste such as glass, and Chongqing should speed up the introduction of policies to subsidize the recycling of low-value waste.

Professor Liu Guotao, School of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University:

Many people think that garbage sorting is low in science and technology, which is a misunderstanding. Big data and Internet of Things technologies can be applied to the field of garbage classification. Enterprises’ participation in waste sorting may not be profitable in the short term, which requires the government to provide supporting policies to encourage enterprises to apply scientific and technological achievements to waste sorting.

It should be noted that garbage sorting should also be promoted from the source. At present, Shenzhen encourages enterprises to simplify the packaging of goods and raise the threshold for disposable goods to enter the market. These practices are worth learning from Chongqing.

Reporter’s Notes "

Fight the "tough battle" of garbage sorting

Liao Xuemei Cui Yao

Garbage classification is the embodiment of a city’s civilization. After the early promotion pilot, many citizens realized the importance of garbage sorting. The reporter believes that garbage sorting is not only a protracted war, but also a tough battle, and we must not take it lightly.

Practice has proved that it takes time to change residents’ consciousness and living habits. From the experience of Japan and Taiwan Province, it will take about 20 years to reach the consensus of more than 90% people on garbage classification. Only by publicizing the knowledge of garbage classification in schools and units in a down-to-earth manner and doing a good job in the pilot of each street and each community can the trickle flow into the sea.

Winning the tough battle of garbage sorting requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and citizens. First of all, citizens should establish a sense of classification, and let garbage classification education enter the campus and the community, and cultivate all parties to develop the habit of garbage classification; Secondly, the government should actively explore ways to use the government to purchase services, give preferential treatment to taxes and fees, give priority to purchasing recycled products, and introduce social capital and strength to actively participate; In addition, it is necessary to establish a long-term mechanism for garbage classification through legislation and compulsory means. In this way, the idea that garbage classification is a new fashion can be deeply rooted in people’s hearts, and more enterprises can join the craze of garbage disposal.