"Online Snack Street", "Intangible Music Week" and "Intangible Online Shopping Festival" … Nowadays, many online intangible cultural heritage projects are becoming popular objects of netizens.

In recent years, with the rapid development of digital economy, the traditional industries have been constantly stimulated to change, and intangible cultural heritage has also been transformed into "online celebrity" by the express train of digital economy. In particular, the continuous introduction of relevant policies has brought unprecedented opportunities to the road of non-legacy "online celebrity". The "14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage" recently released by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism emphasizes the use of short videos, live broadcasts and other new media to cultivate a number of "online celebrity" brands.

The data shows that there are nearly 900,000 intangible resources in China, but not all intangible resources are suitable for commercialization. Some "online celebrity" non-legacy projects have also caused some doubts. Some people think that they lack creativity, while others are worried about over-exploitation. This shows that non-legacy "touching the net" should balance the relationship between protection, inheritance and innovation and development, and can’t take care of one thing at a time and put the cart before the horse.

Specifically, first of all, we should take people as the core and make the non-legacy "live". Intangible cultural heritage is a people-centered live transmission, which should comprehensively consider the characteristics of non-genetic inheritors, disseminators and consumers, so as to inject more vitality into the intangible cultural heritage "online celebrity" market.

Secondly, make good use of digital media technology to make the intangible cultural heritage more "sensible". The blessing of new media such as short videos and live broadcasts can make the intangible heritage "audible", "tangible" and "taken away". However, we should also pay attention to the limitations of digital media in displaying intangible culture, and avoid making intangible brand-building stop at the surface and become a mere formality.

Finally, reasonably promote the development of non-legacy brands to make the transformation more "orderly". We should further improve the design and production level of intangible products, and at the same time, promote the transformation and upgrading of intangible brands in an orderly manner. Expand the brand influence and industrial chain of non-legacy products on the premise of maintaining the original product form and cultural essence.

Non-genetic inheritance not only needs to protect traditional skills, but also needs to continuously expand non-genetic broadcasting channels. Only by reasonably balancing the relationship between the two can the road of "online celebrity" be more stable, better and farther. (Wei Sun)

　　Deepening the reform of the state supervision system is a major decision-making arrangement made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and a major strategic move to improve the party and state supervision system in the new era. On March 23rd, 2018, the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) was officially unveiled. A year has passed in a blink of an eye. What changes have been brought about by deepening the reform of the supervision system? Let’s seek the answer from the stories of local municipal party committee secretaries, grassroots people, monitoring objects and transferred cadres.

　　1 Conscientiously Be a "Construction Team Leader"

Ma Bo, Secretary of Neijiang Municipal Committee of Sichuan Province

　　Since the central government made a major decision to deepen the reform of the national supervision system, the party Committee secretaries at the county and county levels in Neijiang have insisted on being the "construction team leader" in terms of direction, grasping key points, strengthening guarantee and seeking practical results, so as to ensure the reform is vigorously promoted.

　　Strengthen the political position and firmly grasp the direction of "construction". Taking deepening the reform of the supervision system as a major political test to practice the "two maintenances", at the beginning of the reform, "one report a day, one summary a day, one dispatch a day" was implemented. The party secretaries of cities and counties are in command and go out to war, and solve the problems of staffing, office space, funding guarantee and system construction in time to ensure that the implementation of the central decision-making and deployment does not go astray or go out of shape.

　　Twist the key links and grasp the key points of "construction". Carefully promote the integration of transfer, the city and county party Committee secretaries thoroughly studied the issues of team equipment, preparation and transfer, organization formation, etc., and the number of personnel engaged in supervision and discipline, review and investigation increased by 114%. We will comprehensively build a supervision system, integrate financial, auditing, personnel organization and other supervision functions on the basis of discipline supervision, supervision supervision, stationing supervision and inspection supervision, and promote supervision to cover all schools, hospitals, state-owned enterprises and villages.

　　Carefully organize and coordinate and strengthen the "construction" guarantee. Always stand at the height of politics and overall situation to plan and promote reform, and grasp the concrete and concrete. Clear-cut support for deepening the "three changes", rectifying the wind and discipline, punishing corruption and fighting corruption. Since 2018, the municipal party committee has done more than 80 special research-related work, and listened to the handling of important issues and the investigation and handling of major cases for 162 times. More than 2,000 cadres were trained in various forms, and 61.9% of transferred cadres were promoted to positions and ranks.

　　Focus on the release of efficiency and ensure the effectiveness of "construction". Adhere to practical work and seek practical results, and accelerate the transformation of institutional advantages into governance efficiency. Doing a thorough job, being honest and disciplined, filing and investigating violations of discipline and discipline in the field of poverty alleviation increased by 79.5% year-on-year, filing and investigating unhealthy practices and corruption around the masses increased by 41.8% year-on-year, and the social evaluation index of building a clean and honest government continued to rise. The supervision effect continued to enlarge, and the number of clues to handling problems in the city exceeded the number of letters and visits by nearly three times. Doing a thorough job to punish corruption and put on record to investigate and deal with party member cadres’ violations of discipline and law increased by 31.5% year-on-year, and the county level increased by 52.4% year-on-year. Do a thorough job of treating both the symptoms and the root causes, pay close attention to the "second half of the article" of examination and investigation, and carry out 53 projects of linking punishment and prevention. Do a deep job, strictly manage love, handle 3586 person-times by using "four forms", pay a return visit to 1564 cadres who have been punished, clarify the facts for 356 cadres, eliminate the influence, and promote the new era of cadres in the city to take on new responsibilities and do new things.

　　Village cadres should also be supervised, and everything should be done according to the rules.

Zhao Yongsheng, a villager from Xinkai Village, Jinluo Town, Li County, Hunan Province

　　I planted more than 10 mu of early-maturing citrus pomelo this year, and it is estimated that the average mu in the high-yield period can reach 5000 yuan. In this way, we can earn at least 50 thousand yuan a year. After discussing with my wife, we decided not to go out to work.

　　In the past, I was forced to work outside the home all the year round. A few years ago, the drainage of ditches in the village was blocked, and the agricultural products with potholes could not be transported out of the village, so we had been working as porters in Changsha Refrigeration Factory. When we went home at the end of last year, we were surprised to find that the village roads were connected, tap water was available, and villagers also had cooperatives, so they could make a good living at home. Everyone said: "Now, village cadres should also be supervised, and everything must be done according to the rules!"

　　Our newly opened village used to be the only village in the town where the party organization was weak and lax. The village cadres were not young or old, and everyone complained. In May last year, several party member sent the tip-off letter to the petition office of the County Commission for Discipline Inspection, which was covered with villagers’ red fingerprints. The leader said: "Comrade of the Commission for Discipline Inspection, now the village cadres have become the legal targets of supervision, and we have to report the problems of village group cadres such as Huang Zeyin, the village party secretary." The report was quickly accepted.

　　Two months later, the problem of some village cadres falsely reporting figures and taking subsidies from large households surfaced. Huang Zeyin, secretary of the branch, received a subsidy of 9,900 yuan, and Shi Jinsong, deputy secretary, received a subsidy of 11,496 yuan. Next, the problem of poor performance and dereliction of duty of village cadres was also investigated by the investigation team.

　　In October last year, the town party Committee gave Huang Zeyin and Shi Jinsong a serious warning within the party, removed their posts as party branch secretary and deputy secretary, and agreed that Huang Zeyin resigned as the director of the village Committee. Other village cadres involved in the case were also dealt with and all the money was recovered. Everyone was really happy and cheered in succession.

　　Wan Hong, the newly appointed secretary of the Party branch, always says, "In the past, village cadres were neither state cadres nor ‘ Officer ’ The superior supervision is too far away. Now it is different. Village cadres and group leaders also exercise public power, and they are also subject to supervision, and they must never arbitrarily use their power. "

　　After Wan Hong took office, he led the new team to raise funds and hardened the three main roads, so that ordinary people no longer had to worry that agricultural products could not be shipped out of the village. Last winter and this spring, everyone’s enthusiasm for developing the industry was high, and only 1,100 mu of new varieties of extra-early-maturing orange pomelo were planted. At present, the village "two committees" are striving for project funds to carry out a thorough renovation and dredging of the ponds and ditches, so that the farmland can be protected from drought and flood.

　　Managers of state-owned enterprises should get used to working and living under supervision.

Hu Hao, Deputy General Manager of Tianjin Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd.

　　As a manager of a state-owned enterprise, this year, I really felt the changes brought about by deepening the reform of the national supervision system. The awareness of obeying rules and disciplines has been continuously improved, the responsibility of employees in state-owned enterprises has been continuously improved, the vitality of sustained and healthy development of state-owned enterprises has been continuously improved, and the quality of discipline and law has been continuously improved. While I am proud, I have seen a bright future.

　　Since the reform of the supervision system, enterprise leaders have organized a series of special trainings such as the supervision law and the regulations on disciplinary action, which have driven the cadres and workers of the whole company to constantly strengthen their awareness of rules and laws, further clarify the untouchable "red line" and insurmountable "bottom line", let go of their hands and feet, confidently make state-owned enterprises better, stronger and bigger, and strive to make state-owned enterprises an important force for our party to govern and rejuvenate the country.

　　One year after the promulgation and implementation of the supervision law, it can be said that "the supervision has been fully covered, and none has fallen behind". With the continuous extension of the strict administration of the party to the grassroots, state-owned enterprise personnel, especially leaders of state-owned enterprises, cannot regard state-owned enterprises as "places outside the law" and "places outside the discipline", and cannot have the illusion of "special theory of state-owned enterprises". They must get used to working and living under supervision. Some consciously consult the discipline inspection and supervision cadres for policies, while others take the initiative to report personal matters. Two days ago, another vice president who was about to retire went to the Commission for Discipline Inspection to consult the relevant regulations on re-employment after retirement.

　　Deepening the reform of the supervision system and the reform of state-owned enterprises has enabled employees of state-owned enterprises to see the great concern of the central authorities and broad development prospects. Everyone’s commitment and struggle motivation have been continuously improved, and more attention has been paid to integrating the development of individual "ego" into the development of state-owned enterprises "ego".

　　With the introduction of a series of reform measures by the CPC Central Committee, the reform and development vitality of state-owned enterprises has been released. In particular, focusing on rectifying formalism and bureaucracy and taking 2019 as the "year of reducing burdens at the grassroots level" has provided many benefits for the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, allowing leaders of state-owned enterprises to let go of their hands and feet, free themselves from many unnecessary affairs and focus on their main business.

　　With the deepening of the reform of the supervision system, the quality of the connection between discipline and law is getting higher and higher. After preliminary verification, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of state-owned enterprises can promptly hand over to the relevant supervisory organs for supervision and investigation. In this process, the Commission for Discipline Inspection of State-owned Enterprises will fully cooperate to find out the problems and realize the full coverage of state supervision, and the effectiveness of supervision will surely become more and more apparent.

　　Strive to be a discipline inspection and supervision cadre with excellent political skills.

He Juan, a cadre of the Supervision Committee of Huizhou City Commission for Discipline Inspection, Guangdong Province

　　There is no experience that makes people feel more glorious and proud than being in the reform of the national supervision system, which is a major political system reform that has a bearing on the overall situation; There is no dream that is more magnificent than consolidating and developing the overwhelming victory in the anti-corruption struggle, "in exchange for Haiyan Heqing and Langlang Gankun". How fortunate I am to be a witness and witness to this great reform.

　　This year, as a transfer worker, my key word is naturally inseparable from the word "change". No matter the change in political position, ideological understanding, the change in handling cases and the change in the role of performing duties, I have gained a lot and no regrets.

　　Through full integration and study and training, I deeply realize that the discipline inspection and supervision organs are political organs, specialized organs for inner-party supervision and state supervision, which are quite different from procuratorial organs as legal supervision organs. Discipline inspection and supervision organs shoulder a special historical mission and great political responsibility in safeguarding the core position of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee and centralizing and unifying leadership, and cannot be vague, shaken or relaxed at any time.

　　I still remember that at the beginning of the transfer, I simply equated the establishment of the supervisory committee and the transfer of personnel with reform, and I didn’t have a deep understanding of the joint office of the supervisory committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection. Through continuous in-depth study, I realized that reform is not a simple superposition of functions. "Relying on discipline inspection, expanding supervision and connecting the judiciary" is not a simple slogan, but an important methodology.

　　At that time, as soon as I received the clues, my first reaction was to check the situation of duty crimes, but after handling several cases of lien, I found that discipline inspection and supervision cadres could not only check duty crimes, but also investigate violations of discipline and law; We should properly handle the relationship between "trees" and "forests"; In handling cases, we should change the way of confrontational supervision and investigation, realize that discipline inspection and supervision work is a work that touches people’s minds and souls, and make discipline and law binding hard, criticism and education strong, and organizational care warm.

　　This year, I realized the transformation from a single law enforcer to a disciplined and law enforcer. At work, in accordance with the requirements of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Provincial and Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection, I strengthened my study of party constitution’s party rules, disciplines and constitutional laws, overcame the shortcomings of insufficient discipline and law, carried forward the advantages of smooth connection between law and law, and strived to be a discipline inspection and supervision cadre with excellent politics and high skills.

　　This is an era of rapid development, and the wave of supervision system reform has pushed us to the forefront of the times. Only when Do not forget your initiative mind is down-to-earth and loyal to his duties, and makes due contributions to the discipline inspection and supervision work with his own practical actions, can we be considered regretless and youthful!

　　Within one year of the State Supervision Commission,

　　March 11, 2018

　　The Third Plenary Session of the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress voted to adopt the constitutional amendment. The amendment adds a section of "Supervisory Committee" to Chapter III "State Institutions".

　　March 18, 2018

　　The Sixth Plenary Session of the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress elected Yang Xiaodu as director of the National Supervisory Commission of the People’s Republic of China.

　　March 20, 2018

　　At the closing meeting of the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress, the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Supervision Law" was passed, and the top leader of president signed the No.3 Presidential Decree for promulgation and implementation.

　　March 21, 2018

　　The first meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) appointed the National Supervisory Commission (NSC), deputy director and member.

　　March 23, 2018

　　The the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) of the People’s Republic of China was unveiled in Beijing, attended by CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Zhao Leji, and presided over by Member the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and Yang Xiaodu, Director of the National Supervisory Commission.

　　March 28, 2018

　　The first meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform considered the Report on Deepening the Reform of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision System and the Institutional Reform of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

　　May 26, 2018

　　The General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the "Regulations of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection and the the National Supervisory Commission (NSC) of the People’s Republic of China on the Function Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing".

　　October 21, 2018

　　With the consent of the CPC Central Committee, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.

　　October 26, 2018

　　The decision on amending the Criminal Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Law on International Criminal Judicial Assistance of People’s Republic of China (PRC) were adopted at the Sixth Session of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and the Supreme Leader of president signed the 10th and 13th Presidential Orders respectively for promulgation and implementation.

　　November 2, 2018

　　The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the Communist Party of China and Zhao Leji, secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, attended the mobilization and deployment meeting to deepen the reform of the accredited institutions of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection and delivered speeches.

　　11-13 January 2019

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection was held in Beijing, and Zhao Leji made a work report. The State Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection is co-located, and the work report of the Third Plenary Session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection is also the work report of the State Supervision Commission.

　　150 major water conservancy projects are expected to incite 6.6 trillion yuan to invest in transportation and major agricultural investment expansion.

　　Carry out steady investment, accelerate the progress of mega-projects in multi-key areas.

　　On July 13th, the State Council held a routine briefing on the State Council policy, releasing a clear signal that 150 major water conservancy projects will be arranged, with a total investment of about 1.29 trillion yuan, which can drive direct and indirect investment of about 6.6 trillion yuan.

　　In fact, not only water conservancy projects, but also a large number of super-major projects, including comprehensive transportation system construction, high-standard farmland construction and modern sewage treatment system engineering, are stepping up planning and promotion. Industry experts interviewed by this reporter said that focusing on short-term benefits to the people’s livelihood, we should speed up top-level planning and increase policy efforts to promote the landing of a number of super-large projects, which is conducive to stabilizing investment and stabilizing the economy, as well as the national economy and people’s livelihood.

　　The the State Council executive meeting held on July 8th studied and deployed 150 major water conservancy projects in 2020-2022 to promote the expansion of effective investment and enhance the ability to prevent floods and droughts.

　　The briefing held by the State Council Office on the 13th further disclosed the relevant details. Su Wei, Deputy Secretary-General of the National Development and Reform Commission, introduced that there are five major types of 150 major water conservancy projects, including 56 flood control and disaster reduction projects, 26 water resources optimal allocation projects, 55 irrigation water saving and water supply projects, 8 water ecological protection and restoration projects, and 5 smart water conservancy projects, among which 96 projects involve major national strategies such as coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

　　In terms of investment scale, the total investment of 150 major water conservancy projects is 1.29 trillion yuan, 5 projects exceed 50 billion yuan, 4 projects range from 30 billion yuan to 50 billion yuan, and 18 projects range from 10 billion yuan to 30 billion yuan.

　　Not only water conservancy projects, but also focusing on making up shortcomings. Since the beginning of this year, major investment projects in many fields have been accelerated, especially a number of major projects with huge total investment have begun to accelerate planning.

　　A few days ago, the Ministry of Agriculture and other seven departments jointly issued the Opinions on Expanding Effective Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas and Accelerating the Shortcomings in the Field of Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers. The "Opinions" require that we should speed up the construction of major short-board projects in 11 key agricultural and rural areas such as high-standard farmland, cold chain logistics facilities for agricultural products storage and preservation, modern agricultural parks, animal and plant protection, coastal modern fishing ports, rural human settlements improvement, rural water supply security, township sewage treatment, smart agriculture and digital villages, rural roads and rural power grids.

　　The national video and telephone conference on expanding effective investment in agriculture and rural areas held on July 10 emphasized the need to effectively increase investment in agriculture and rural areas. The meeting pointed out that expanding effective investment in agriculture and rural areas is an urgent requirement to improve the level of modernization in agriculture and rural areas, and it is necessary to continuously increase investment around key areas and strive to reverse the downward trend of investment.

　　The main works of 120 bridges across the line have all been completed … … Recently, the construction of Lhasa-Linzhi section in sichuan-tibet railway has been reported frequently, and the construction of Ya ‘an section in Sichuan and Linzhi section in Tibet will soon start. The construction of other landmark major traffic projects, such as the Shenzhen-China Passage, is also accelerating.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Transport, from January to May this year, the investment in transportation fixed assets was 1,022.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.9%. The reporter of the Economic Information Daily learned from China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.") that as of July 1, the new railway line had opened 1,178 kilometers, including 605 kilometers of high-speed rail.

　　The person in charge of the Ministry of Construction of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. said that a number of key projects, such as Yinchuan-Xi ‘an high-speed railway, Hebei section of Beijing-xiong’an new area intercity railway, Hefei-Anqing high-speed railway and Huai ‘an-Zhenjiang railway, which are planned to be opened in the second half of this year, are progressing in an orderly manner and will be opened as scheduled. It is estimated that about 4,400 kilometers of new railway lines will be opened this year, including about 2,300 kilometers of high-speed railway.

　　A few days ago, Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transport, mentioned at a ministerial meeting that in the second half of the year, we should do our best to speed up the construction of a transportation power, prepare a good plan, solidly promote various batches of pilots, and promote major projects. At the same time, efforts should be made to expand effective investment in transportation fixed assets.

　　The industry pointed out that the huge investment scale and long industrial chain of major projects have obvious effects on expanding domestic demand, stimulating economic growth and promoting employment, and will also benefit people’s livelihood and lay a good foundation for China’s modernization.

　　Taking water conservancy construction as an example, "major water conservancy projects are important infrastructure to ensure national water security, and they are also important areas for national infrastructure to make up for shortcomings." Ye Jianchun, vice minister of the Ministry of Water Resources, said that these 150 major water conservancy projects can directly and indirectly drive investment of 6.6 trillion yuan, and at the same time increase employment by about 800,000 jobs annually.

　　"The role of investment in the bottoming economy in the second half of the year is more prominent, and infrastructure investment is an important force." Fan Ruoying, a researcher at the Institute of International Finance of Bank of China, told the Economic Information Daily that in the planning of major projects, efforts should be made to promote the construction of "two new and one heavy" related projects. It is necessary to make overall planning from the top-level design level. On the one hand, we should proactively lay out high-tech and emerging industries, increase the layout of new infrastructure projects such as 5G infrastructure, new energy vehicle charging piles, artificial intelligence and industrial internet, and encourage localities to carry out "new infrastructure" projects in light of their own economic characteristics to avoid repeated construction. On the other hand, we attach great importance to investment in short-board areas. Combined with the epidemic prevention and control, floods and other disasters, the shortcomings in related fields in China have been exposed. In the future, we should increase investment in public health facilities, major water conservancy projects, poverty alleviation, agriculture and rural areas, and ecological and environmental protection.

　　Zhang Liqun, a researcher at the Macroeconomic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, told the Economic Information Daily that at present, the most prominent problem that restricts the further recovery of China’s economy is insufficient demand. In the next step, we should work hard to boost infrastructure, and do a good job of making up shortcomings by combining long and short. In the second half of the year, we should focus on the overall long-term planning and accelerate the planning and construction of overall long-term large-scale projects.

　　The promotion of major projects is inseparable from financial support. In addition to accelerating the landing of financial and financial funds, the industry pointed out that deepening the reform of investment and financing system, especially attracting social capital, is also of great significance for promoting major project construction.

　　Su Wei said that the total investment scale of 150 major water conservancy projects is very large, and it is necessary to deepen the reform of investment and financing system and raise funds for project construction through multiple channels.

　　Fan Ruoxuan also suggested establishing and improving a long-term mechanism to attract private capital to invest in key areas, continuing to break down hidden obstacles for private capital to enter key areas, and boosting market participants’ confidence in long-term investment and operation. Flexible arrangement of financing mode, encourage commercial financial institutions to participate in the project through creditor’s rights, equity, asset support plan and other ways. Moderately relax the entry threshold for foreign investment in infrastructure, and introduce long-term foreign investment to participate in related projects under the premise of controlling risks. In addition, give greater play to the role of policy finance, and support major infrastructure projects through special construction funds and supplementary mortgage loans (PSL) to support specific areas of infrastructure. (Reporter Sun Yuhua, Ban Juanjuan, Wang Lu)

1905Film network feature　 Film Bureau of State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television2017yeartwelvemoon31The data released in the evening shows that:2017In, the total box office of national movies was559.11100 million yuan, a year-on-year increase13.45%; Among them,Domestic film box office301.04100 million yuan, accounting for the total box office53.84%The number of domestic films exceeding 100 million has reached51Department.

　

The volume of the film market is growing steadily, and the creation of film content is also moving towards quality and diversification. Looking back on another year of China’s film industry, filmmakers once again offered coverage to the audience.Action, comedy, fantasy, suspenseAnd many other types of rich masterpieces. We witnessed the box office spectacle of 10.858 billion action movies, followed comedies and walked through the spring, summer, autumn and winter with a smile, and were moved by the amazing fantasy world in the movies and the humanistic feelings of the excellent works.

　

China movies in 2017 are "exciting enough, lively enough and worth watching".

The action movie "Wolf Warriors 2" dominated by 10.85 billion yuan achieved a new height in domestic films.

　

Action movies play an important role in all kinds of movies, and only such works can give full play to the sports characteristics of movies. In 2017, 28 domestic action movies landed in mainland cinemas, which captured 10.858 billion box office in one fell swoop, including 11 movies with over 100 million yuan, followed by Wolf Warriors 2 and. This data ranks first among all types, showing the unshakable dominance of such subjects.

"Wolf Warriors 2" stills

　　

Among all these 28 works, Wolf Warriors 2, a phenomenal explosive work, has to be mentioned.5.68 billion single box office volume, nearly 160 million people watching movies.It not only helped the film successfully rank among the TOP100 in the global box office list, but also achieved a new height of domestic films from many angles. The title of the first box office in 2017 and the box office champion in mainland film history is only a part. Wolf Warriors 2 proves with its own strength that the theme of the main melody can be perfectly compatible with the creation of commercial films, and the story full of feelings for home and country can touch countless audiences. Like Wolf Warriors 2, the film "Hunting in the Sky", which focuses on the theme of military action, was released in the National Day file, and it also achieved more than 320 million success.

Stills of "England vs. England"

　

Apart from Jason Wu and his "Wolf Warriors 2", another kung fu movie star also made an eye-catching performance in the film market in 2017. He is Jackie Chan, whom we are most familiar with. The action comedy "Kung Fu Yoga" in the Spring Festival has a total box office of over 1.64 billion. Exotic family fun stories and cool kung fu fighting scenes vividly show Jackie Chan’s personal film style. On the National Day, however, he subverted the past and appeared in a slightly old-fashioned style, bringing a serious theme and a cold action style. Adding up the data of the two works, Jackie Chan’s box office contribution to the 2017 domestic action movie has exceeded 2.1 billion.

　

Comedy films are on the rise rapidly, and the explosions "Shame" and "Tianzhu" win the schedule with laughter.

　

Comedy movies have brought new changes and opportunities to China film market again and again, and created countless box office myths of "Little Soldiers Make Great Achievements". In 2017, the comedy film genre still gathered the most creativity of China filmmakers, and the number of 43 cinema films stood out among all types. At the same time, the box office is still laughing and cursing all the way, and the success of 4.338 billion yuan has increased rapidly compared with last year.

Stills of "The Iron Fist of Shame"

　

Mahua FunAge’s team, which has sprung up in the film market in the past two years, after becoming the dark horse of the year, launched the masterpiece "The Iron Fist of Shame" in the National Day of 2017. A solid script that has been tested by hundreds of drama stages, as well as wonderful interpretations by Allen, Mary, Shen Teng and others, remake a story of men and women who are not novel, giving a different feeling. During the 11th holiday, "The Iron Fist of Shame" took the lead in the film market, eventually attracting 2.2 billion yuan, and the audience scored more than 9 points, achieving a double harvest at the box office and word of mouth.

Poster of "Make a scene in Tianzhu"

　

Ranked second is the box office of nearly 720 million. This film is Wang Baoqiang’s directorial debut, and it also achieved good market response when it was released in the Spring Festival in 2017. Looking at the popular schedules of the whole year, such as the New Year’s Eve, there are many comedies. This fully shows that comedy is still the most popular theme for the audience. It not only makes us say goodbye to the past in laughter, but also makes us welcome the future with a brand-new attitude.

Next page:Fantasy type highlights the film industry level, and the volume advantage of single box office is obvious.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the "Shanghai Release" WeChat WeChat official account news, the Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue gale warning signal at 14: 05 on September 29, 2021: Due to strong thunderstorm clouds, it is expected that there will be 7-9 thunderstorms and strong winds in Baoshan, Jiading, Chongming, the northern part of the central city and Pudong in the next 3 hours, so please take precautions.

　　Earlier, the Shanghai Central Meteorological Observatory issued a yellow warning signal for lightning at 13: 50: It is expected that lightning activities will occur in Baoshan, downtown, Jiading, Minhang, Qingpu, Songjiang, Chongming and Pudong before midnight today, accompanied by short-term heavy precipitation with a maximum of 20-30 mm per hour, 7-9 thunderstorms and strong winds, and there may be small hail in some areas.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. Check doors and windows, reinforce clothes racks, outdoor antennas, etc., and properly place outdoor flowerpots and other items that are easy to fall.

　　2. Try not to stay near glass doors and windows or billboards when going out.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. Stop carrying out outdoor activities in open places.

　　2. Stop swimming in rivers, lakes and seas.

　　3. Stay away from trees, corners or places with prominent metal objects; Don’t hold objects with sharp metal corners in your hands or carry them on your shoulders.

　　"The earth is the cradle of human beings, but human beings cannot live in the cradle forever." This is the heroic words of tsiolkovsky, the father of modern rockets. So far, man has landed on the moon and looked at his home from another perspective. However, one big step for mankind is not far enough. The inability to support transportation and the lack of dry food supplies have restricted human beings from leaving the "cradle", realizing interstellar travel and sailing, and looking for "relatives" who go to the earth.

　　Of course, all this has been realized in science fiction movies — — In a series of sci-fi movies such as Avatar in Interstellar, astronauts use the technology of "freezing dormancy" to reduce the metabolism of their bodies and realize long-distance interstellar travel with less supplies. Recently, NASA officially announced that it will fund SpaceWorks in Atlanta to develop a similar "suspended animation" technology to put astronauts into a short-term frozen sleep state during the long interstellar travel.

　　In real space missions, the supply needed by human astronauts will have a direct impact on mission execution. Obviously, putting astronauts into a short-term frozen sleep state will make space travel go further and more efficient. ● Wang Tengteng, a reporter from Nanfang Daily in Beijing, planned and coordinated Zhang Zhichao.

　　1. Freezing dormancy improves the efficiency of space travel.

　　According to reports, during the interplanetary voyage, the frozen dormancy cabin designed by SpaceWorks will make astronauts enter an inert and numb state, that is, a short-term frozen dormancy state. In this state, the physiological activities of astronauts are reduced, usually manifested in the decrease of body temperature and metabolic rate. This will greatly reduce the astronauts’ demand for external materials, and then greatly reduce the supplies they carry.

　　John Bradford, CEO of SpaceWorks, said that the "suspended animation" of human astronauts has always been regarded as the best solution for long-term space flight. According to the design scheme, the sleeping cabin of SpaceWorks is very small, located near the central node or crew cabin of the spacecraft, allowing astronauts to enter and exit directly. Brad Ford said: "We believe that 4-mdash; The supply demand of six astronauts can be reduced to 5-mdash; 7 tons, not the current 20-mdash; 50 tons. The space required for the astronaut habitat is about 20 square meters, while most current designs require 200 square meters. "

　　When the astronauts are in a frozen hibernation state, they will be covered with various sensors, so that other awake astronauts can monitor their status at any time. Astronauts will get the nutrients needed to maintain human body function through total parenteral nutrition intravenous injection, which can be excreted with urine. Astronauts will sleep for 14 days under the low temperature induced by this drug, and then wake up for 2-mdash; Three-day shift change to meet the dormancy needs of other astronauts.

　　2. Cooling process or damage to cells

　　It can be seen that astronauts’ freezing and dormancy can maximize the space and load utilization of spacecraft. The key is to reduce the consumption of astronauts during flight, that is, to minimize the metabolic rate of the human body.

　　There is no doubt that low temperature can reduce the metabolic rate of living things. Animals such as frogs and snakes all hibernate to reduce their metabolic rate. However, it is worth noting that the freezing dormancy of astronauts is not the same as the "human freezing" technology used by Du Hong, a female writer in Chongqing, China. The first problem to be solved in astronaut’s freezing and dormancy technology is the damage caused by low temperature to astronauts’ life.

　　Technically, human freezing dormancy refers to freezing human to -196℃ in a very short time, stopping cell activity and prolonging human life cycle indefinitely. Theoretically, freezing dormancy can be done. But at present, from the technical point of view, human beings can’t freeze and sleep and wake them up. The main problem is that when the body temperature drops to -5℃, the water in the cells will freeze and form ice crystals. These ice crystals can penetrate the cell membrane and cause serious tissue damage. In other words, people who sleep through freezing will not be able to wake up again.

　　The mechanism of long-term preservation of cells at low temperature is that the metabolism of cells slows down rapidly at low temperature. The lower the storage temperature, the slower the metabolism and the longer the storage time. For example, the blood in the blood center is often stored at -5℃, and the storage time is generally one month. Of course, if the damage to cells caused by low temperature is not considered, the blood should be preserved for a longer time if it is stored at -196℃.

　　But cryopreservation itself can also kill cells and damage tissues. The SpaceWorks funded by NASA has not announced how to deal with these risks, but we might as well take a look at these risks and the current research on how to deal with them. These risks include both chemical damage and physical damage.

　　The main culprit of chemical damage is the oxygen we live on. Needless to say, the importance of oxygen, but its other side is to destroy the essence of life molecules through oxidative decomposition. Especially when cells actively use oxygen, they will generate a large number of free radicals which are more active than molecular oxygen. Under normal circumstances, cells use a series of enzymes to directly or indirectly combat the damage caused by oxygen and its free radicals. However, with the decrease of temperature, although the speed of destruction also decreases, the resistance ability accelerated by enzyme catalysis will also decrease sharply with the drastic decrease of enzyme activity, and the originally balanced chemical reaction will eventually fall to the destructive side. This cannot be ignored.

　　The second is physical damage, which mainly refers to the damage to cells caused by liquid freezing at extremely low temperature. According to the research of Liqun He, a professor at the Institute of Cryobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, the only way to achieve freezing dormancy is to treat each cell at low temperature. In practical application, the first step of cryopreservation of cells is to add cryoprotectant (CPA) to cells and then cool them safely. It is worth noting that the temperature is not low enough to meet the requirements of freezing dormancy, but -15℃— The low temperature process of -60℃ is fatal to cells.

　　3. The cooling process is difficult to operate.

　　Adding solute to water will lower the freezing point of water. Generally speaking, the higher the solute concentration, the lower the freezing point, so the first step of successful cryopreservation is to add appropriate CPA, and high concentration solute has osmotic damage to cells, so it should be appropriate. Since 50 years ago, a British research group accidentally discovered that glycerol is an effective cryoprotectant for sperm and red blood cells, although new CPAs, such as ethylene glycol, methanol, propylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide, are constantly emerging, and some of them are more effective, glycerol is still one of the effective CPAs.

　　According to Liqun He and others, the experiment shows that after adding CPA, the cells are dehydrated first, and the volume begins to shrink, then CPA infiltrates and the volume expands. If the concentration of CPA is too high, its volume will shrink excessively and even exceed the tolerance limit of cells, resulting in damage.

　　During the cooling process, when the temperature drops to about -5℃, the cells and transmitters around them are not frozen, and they are all in a supercooled state, at -5℃— Between -15℃, the extracellular solution begins to freeze. If it is assumed that the cell membrane prevents the ice crystals from growing into the cell, the cell is still in a supercooled state without freezing. At this time, the chemical potential of water inside the cell increases, water begins to seep out of the cell, and then freezes outside the cell, and then the reaction of the cell depends on the cooling rate. Liqun He said that if the cooling is too fast, the cells will not have enough time to maintain the osmotic pressure balance of the internal and external solutions by oozing water, so that the intracellular solutions will be too cold, and eventually the cells will start to freeze.

　　Generally speaking, cooling too fast or too slow can kill cells. At the slow cooling rate, the low-temperature damage comes from the "solution effect", which leads to severe dehydration of cells. Under rapid cooling, the low temperature damage is caused by deadly intracellular ice. For a specific cell, there must be an optimal cooling rate with the highest cell recovery rate. The cooling rate is slow enough to prevent intracellular ice and fast enough to minimize the "solution effect".

　　According to reports, in addition to the above method, there is also a cooling method to make the cytoplasm glassy at present. Using ultra-fast cooling (> 106℃/min) or using high concentration CPA, the cytoplasm will form glassy state instead of intracellular ice. However, ultra-fast cooling is technically difficult. Several CPAs that can effectively improve the cooling damage in slow cooling can also be used to promote vitrification, but the required concentration is too high and it is too toxic to cells and tissues.

　　It should be noted that the cooling rate is too high or too low relative to the water permeability of cell membrane and related to the type of cells. Different cells have different permeability to water, which leads to different optimal cooling rates for different cells. Think about it carefully, the human body is composed of countless cells, and there are many differences between brain cells and liver cells. It is very difficult to target these cells with drugs, and it needs precise control. If you don’t pay attention, you can cause irreversible damage to cells. Compared with the current difficulty of oocyte cryopreservation, sperm or blood, it is almost impossible to accurately cool different cells.

　　Whether you can wake up is the key.

　　However, it is more difficult than accurately cooling different cells to reheat them. If astronauts can’t wake up from hibernation, what’s the point of freezing hibernation? How to rewarming cells safely is the "last mile" and the key point of freezing dormancy technology.

　　As mentioned above, in the process of injecting CPA into cells to cool down, cells are easily damaged. Similarly, in the process of rewarming, CPA must be pulled out of the cell, which is also full of danger. If the CPA is excessively diluted when it is taken out, the cells will absorb too much water and expand beyond the allowable upper limit, which will also cause cell damage.

　　Liqun He said that whether the rewarming process poses a threat to the survival of cells depends first on whether the previous cooling process induces intracellular ice or cell dehydration. If there is intracellular ice, rapid rewarming can prevent ice crystals from growing and destroying cells. However, even if there is no intracellular ice formation during slow cooling, the response of cells to rewarming rate depends on freezing conditions and cell types.

　　Moreover, it is also a big problem whether the body of the astronauts after waking up will be negatively affected. When the human muscles are in a static state for a long time, their functions will inevitably deteriorate to some extent. Although the similar "suspended animation" technology developed by SpaceWorks only allows the astronauts to sleep for 14 days, I believe everyone who has experienced it knows what it feels like to lie in bed for half a month.

　　This edition of pictures: information pictures

Speaking of Lu Xun, there is no doubt that Lu Xun was indeed a revolutionary fighter and a literary master in the Republic of China. Its style of writing is strong, and its style is detached. But although Lu Xun was a fighter, he was not Lu Sheng. We should know that no matter who is in the world, his first criterion is man, not God! Talking about Lu Xun’s women, many people are mistaken by the textbooks, only knowing that there is his student and wife Xu Guangping, and then some people know that Lu Xun has an original wife, Zhu An. But since ancient times, which talented person has not had several confidantes?

First, the first love Lu Qingu’s "wordless ending"

Lu Qingu was the first to enter into an engagement with Lu Xun. It was the summer and autumn of 1898, and Lu Xun’s mother took a fancy to Qin Gu, the eldest daughter of Lu Xun’s little uncle. Gu Qin and Lu Xun, when they were young, often read together and discussed ancient Chinese poetry. She was deeply impressed by Lu Xun, so when Lu Xun’s mother asked her advice, she threw herself into her aunt’s arms and said nothing, but she had a hundred wishes in her heart.

Lu Xun’s mother was very happy and immediately decided on a marriage. Unexpectedly, things happened suddenly. Lu Xun’s nanny’s mother has a distant niece, Zhu An, who has long wanted to introduce her to Lu Xun, but Lu Xun’s mother has booked a piano. The eldest mother gossiped in front of Lu Xun’s mother, saying that the combination of Lu Xun and Qin Gu was "offensive" and unlucky. Lu Xun’s mother was shaken. The next spring, she decided to arrange the marriage between Lu Xun and Zhu An.

Qin Gu’s father waited for the Zhou family to get married, but there was no information. Later, when he learned that Lu Xun had remarried, he had no choice but to betrothed Qin Gu to others. Maybe Qin Gu didn’t like this marriage, and maybe life wasn’t. Soon, Qin Gu fell ill and never got up again.

On her deathbed, Qin Gu held the nanny’s hand tightly and choked: "I have something on my mind that I must say before I die. It was Zhou Jialai who mentioned the kiss before, but then suddenly he didn’t mention it, and I don’t know why … … This incident is my lifelong regret, and I will never forget it until I die … …”

Qin Gu should be said to be Mr. Lu Xun’s "first love" when he was young. But somehow, this marriage was not mentioned in Lu Xun’s later works. Did Lu Xun forget it for the sake of following Ming’s career, or did he keep this beautiful feeling in his heart forever, or did they ever promise each other? Lu Xun must have his own difficulties, so he has nothing to say.

Second, the bleak life of the original wife Zhu An.

When Lu Xun was twenty-five years old, he was preparing to start his literary activities in Tokyo, Japan. Suddenly, he received letters from home urging him to return home. The letter said that his mother was very ill and wanted to meet her eldest son. When Lu Xun returned home anxiously, he realized that this was a scam.

It turned out that there was a rumor in his hometown that Lu Xun married a Japanese woman and gave birth to a child. He was seen walking in the streets of Tokyo with his wife and children. The people changed their ways to trick him into getting married. According to the old custom of "parents’ orders and matchmakers’ words", Lu Rui, Lu Xun’s mother, decided the marriage without Lu Xun’s consent.

　

Seeing this scene, Lu Xun was naturally angry, whether he was attached to Lu Qingu or had a beautiful face in a foreign country, but out of filial piety to his mother, he did not have an attack. On the second day of their marriage, Lu Xun didn’t go to the ancestral temple as usual. On the third day, while his family was not paying attention, he quietly ran away from home and went to Japan again. While Juan lived with her mother-in-law Lu Rui.

Perhaps Lu Xun’s first wife is also car-scrapping, a traditional good woman, that is: entering the Zhoujiamen, death is a Zhoujiagui. He is Lu Xun’s wife, which is recognized all over the world, but the protagonist Lu Xun doesn’t recognize it. In name, Zhu An has been widowed all his life. In fact, at least at this point, the original match defeated Lu Xun in ethics, although it was very sad. Lu Xun is an anti-feudal fighter, and of course he should be a revolutionary fighter. Arranged marriage is of course an ethical code in feudal society. It is feasible for civilians, but not for Lu Xun.

On June 29th, 1947, Zhu An died alone. I believe that if there is an afterlife, Zhu An will not go this way again.

Such tragedies were common in the old society. Perhaps because of his own experience, Lu wrote many articles about women’s rights, such as "Blessing", hoping that women in China would wake up … …

Third, the teacher-student relationship with Xu Guangping.

Lu Xun and Xu Guangping, the love between teachers and students, or that era, Lu Xun was Lu Xun from beginning to end.

Xu Guangping (1898 ~ 1968) was born in Fujian. In 1917, she studied in the preparatory course of Tianjin Zhili No.1 Women’s Normal School, served as the editor-in-chief of Wake the World Weekly, the journal of Tianjin Patriotic Comrades Association, and participated in the May 4th Movement. At the age of twenty-five, he was admitted to the Chinese Literature Department of Beijing Women’s Normal University and became a student of Lu Xun.

In January, 1927, Lu Xun went to Sun Yat-sen University as a teaching assistant and Guangzhou dialect translator, and soon married Lu Xun, who was seventeen years older than her. In 1929, she gave birth to a son, Zhou Haiying. Although this is the last ten years of Lu Xun’s life, "ten years together to share difficulties and dangers", we can’t help but say that it is a belated happiness.

Compared with Lu Xun, Hu Shi was "conservative" and had children with Jiang Dongxiu. Although Hu Shi was engaged to study in the United States, in addition to the sparks with Williams, the daughter of a professor at Cornell University, he also chased Chen Hengzhe, a talented woman from China who was also studying in the United States. Although the two romances were both under the external environment or internal moral consciousness, they had to end halfway, but they could not hurt their mother’s heart too much, which may also be his consideration.

But behind Lu Xun’s loveless marriage with Zhu An, he was willing to live this ascetic life, but in the depths of his subconscious, he did not give up his desire for the true ideal of love. So when Xu Guangping obviously took the initiative, they finally got together freely.

Fourth, with the female student Xu Xiansu, "The Story of Hair"

At the Women’s Normal University, Lu Xun met a young female student, Xu Xiansu, who was a classmate and good friend of Lu Xun’s cohabiting girlfriend Xu Guangping.

Lu Xun wrote "The Story of Hair" for her, and Cao Juren, a friend of Lu Xun, praised Sue as his "lover" in a biography about him. Xu Xiansu showed special concern for women in a very important part of Lu Xun’s life. But when Lu Xun left Beijing for the south, it was not Xu Xiansu, but her classmate and friend Xu Guangping.

Even on the way south, Lu Xun kept in touch with Xu Xiansu. Everywhere he went, there would be postcards reporting his whereabouts, while Lu Xun had been living with Xu Guangping for a long time. Why Lu Xun chose Xu Guangping is a mystery, at least no one has answered it.

After Lu Xun’s death, Xu Guangping wrote about his memoirs, except introducing Lu Xun’s diet and daily life, and left a lot of gaps in many important aspects. Some people analyzed the notes left by Xu Guangping, and realized that Xu Guangping actually had too much helplessness, and perhaps the taste of being a celebrity shadow was not good.

Five, with the female writer Xiao Hong hazy feelings.

Xiao Hong is a good family, but she is a young man with new ideas. Because of her dissatisfaction with feudal families and arranged marriages, she ran away from home when she was young. I lived with Xiao Jun in 1932, but ended up breaking up with Xiao Jun!

He became Lu Xun’s most loyal fan around 1934, and often came to visit his husband at Lu Xun’s house, sometimes even several times a day. One morning, she came and came back in the afternoon. Finally, I may feel that Xu Guangping’s position is unshakable. After all, with Lu Xun’s children, Xiao Hong had to go to Japan in 1936, and three years later she lived with Duanmu Xiaoliang and went to Hong Kong. Duanmu Xiaoliang was also a scholar and a romantic figure, and it was impossible to give Xiao Hong too much happiness. Finally, Xiao Hong died in Hong Kong after going through a rough road of her own choice, and died at the age of 31. … …

Sixth, the spiritual love with Mrs. Yamamoto of Japan

During Lu Xun’s stay in Shanghai, a good Japanese friend Uchiyama was a bookstore owner. He often went to Uchiyama Bookstore, but what he really went to was the back of the bookstore, where Yamamoto Chuzhi, a Japanese geisha, lived. Lu Xun’s letter to Mrs. Yamamoto is second only to Masuda’s among Japanese friends. For Masuda, he wrote to discuss academics or translation, while for Mrs. Yamamoto, he discussed life or emotion.

Once, Lu Xun wrote to Masuda that it was "a lonely thing" that Mrs. Yamamoto couldn’t come to Shanghai, but every letter to Mrs. Yamamoto would complain about "Shanghai loneliness", which was rare in other letters. Later, when Lu Xun died, Mrs. Yamamoto immediately lost her voice when she first heard his bad news. That was the man she used to be in loved one!

Seven, the subtle love affair with Ma Jue, the flower of Peking University.

According to textual research, Ma Jue, the most famous beauty queen in the history of Peking University, had a subtle affection with Ma Jue.

What must be explained here is that Lu Xun is not empathizing with others, or loving each other when he sees one, but I only take a ladle to drink when I am weak.

Lu Xun has always been cautious in dealing with personal feelings, but he was still caught by his old enemy. Lu Xun especially loves talents and likes to reward new literary talents, especially talented young women. Is Lu Xun in love with Ma Jue, a beautiful and talented woman? This question is not easy to answer, let alone to speculate for no reason.

But one thing is certain: Lu Xun likes this literary young woman with distinctive personality very much; What is certain is that Ma Jue, with great literary dreams and romantic feelings, also likes and worships her idol Lu Xun very much, even her secret love may not be known. If you have read Lu Xun’s Diary, you will find that there are broken files and missing places in the middle. Was this part destroyed or hidden by Lu Xun or later generations? Nowadays, it is hard to find out. Did this disappearing part of the diary record the secret passion of Lu Xun, a great literary master? I’m afraid all this is only known to the parties. But I prefer to believe that this has nothing to do with Lu Xun’s personality.

If there is any scandal between the two, it should be the result of Lu Xun’s old enemy’s embellishment and malicious attack.

Link after the article: Is the affection with my sister-in-law a grievance?

But the most puzzling thing is that Zhou Zuoren held a contemptuous attitude towards Lu Xun’s marriage choice. In his view, the cohabitation between Lu Xun and Xu Guangping was caused by eroticism, and it was an old literati’s act of concubinage. It is puzzling to think that Zhou Zuoren, who has always advocated freedom of personality and healthy morality, did not tolerate the life journey of free love at this time.

In fact, Zhou Zuoren, a great traitor, is a very sensible person in love between men and women. He knows that free love is the evolution of human beings. But why are you so harsh on Lu Xun? The author thinks that one is the resentment formed by Yu Taixin’s son, and the other is to consider the problem from Zhu An’s point of view and feel that Juan is too pitiful. The latter reason, the author thinks, is quite in line with his thinking. He once thought that love could not bring pain to others, otherwise, it would be immoral.

Let’s talk about another truth that the relationship between Zhou Zuoren and Lu Xun has deteriorated. In February 1919, Lu Xun sold his ancestral home in Shaoxing and moved his family to Beiping. Badaowan, a new residence, is a big quadrangle with "three entrances", which is high-open, spacious and bright. Considering the living habits of Yutaizi’s family, Lu Xun specially converted several houses in the backyard into Japanese format.

I didn’t expect Badaowan to become the king of Yutai Shinko. In life, she ostentatiously talks about ostentation and extravagance, spends money like water and has no plan. If the food doesn’t taste good, it will be withdrawn to the kitchen for redoing. She has only given birth to two children, and there are at least six or seven male and female servants employed by the whole family, not counting rickshaw drivers who take the children to school. In this regard, Zhou Zuoren at least acquiesced. All he wants is to reach out for food and clothes, and the peace of the desk in the "bitter rain Zhai", and nothing else is asked or heard.

But all this still can’t satisfy YuTaiXinZi. Her real goal is that only her own family can be accommodated in Badaowan. In this way, ten months after her third brother Zhou Jianren was driven away, she laid hands on Lu Xun.

I don’t know what she blew in one ear and out the other to Zhou Zuoren on the pillow, and what sewage poison saliva she spilled on Lu Xun, — — It is never possible for others to know about this — — All we know is that on this day, on July 19th, 1922, Zhou Zuoren suddenly held a letter in his hand, which read "Mr. Lu Xun" and gnashed his teeth: "Please don’t come to the back yard in the future!" Lu Xun was surprised and wanted to ask, "I want to ask after the invitation." Visible feather too letter son this bite how poison! In this way, Lu Xun was also expelled from Badaowan by Zhou Zuoren and his wife.

For this period of history, some Lu Xun researchers speculated that it was he who took a look at his sister-in-law’s bath that led to the disharmony between his brothers. However, according to Mr. Zhangchuandao, who lived in Badaowan guest room at that time, the house in the backyard of Badaowan had a trench outside the window and flowers planted, so people could not get close.

However, the author analyzes it with modern ideas, but has his own views. Let’s talk about it here. I thought that when Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren were studying in Tokyo, Japanese customs, general family bathing, men and women coming in and out, did not avoid each other. According to the above, it was common to contact the Zhou brothers who lived in the same hospital at that time and went in and out of each other’s residence. In this case, it was not Lu Xun’s fault to accidentally meet, and Lu Xun would never peek at his sister-in-law’s body! This week, Zhou Zuoren was too cruel to his brother.

General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing

Notice of National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030)
Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.60

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030) has been approved by the State Council and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the General Office of the State Council

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　June 30, 2017

(This piece is publicly released)

National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030)

Nutrition is an important material basis for human beings to maintain life, growth and health, and national nutrition is related to the improvement of national quality and economic and social development. In recent years, the living standards of Chinese people have been continuously improved, the nutrition supply capacity has been significantly enhanced, and the nutritional health status of the people has been significantly improved. However, it still faces problems such as the coexistence of insufficient nutrition and excessive nutrition, frequent nutrition-related diseases, and the lack of universal nutrition and healthy lifestyle, which has become an important factor affecting national health. This plan is formulated in order to implement the Outline of Healthy China 2030 and improve the national nutrition and health level.

I. General requirements

(1) Guiding ideology.We will fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the new ideas, ideas and strategies for governing the country, closely focus on promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, firmly establish and implement the new development concept, and persist in taking people’s health as the center. Focusing on popularizing nutrition and health knowledge, optimizing nutrition and health services, perfecting nutrition and health system, building a nutrition and health environment and developing nutrition and health industry, based on the present situation and focusing on the long-term, we should pay attention to nutrition and health in the whole life cycle and health process of the people, integrate nutrition into all health policies, continuously meet the nutritional and health needs of the people, improve the health level of the whole people, and lay a solid foundation for building a healthy China.

(2) Basic principles.

Adhere to government guidance. Pay attention to overall planning, integrate resources, improve the system and perfect the system, give full play to the role of the market in allocating nutritional resources and providing services, and create a policy environment for the whole society to participate in the national nutrition and health work.

Adhere to scientific development. Explore and grasp the law of healthy development of nutrition, give full play to the leading role of science and technology, strengthen the research and development and application of appropriate technologies, improve the national nutrition and health literacy, and enhance the scientific level of nutrition work.

Adhere to innovation and integration. Reform and innovation will drive the transformation and upgrading of nutritious agriculture, food processing industry and catering industry, enrich the supply of nutritious and healthy products, and promote the integration of nutrition and health with industrial development.

Adhere to co-construction and sharing. Give full play to the important role of nutrition-related professional academic groups, industry associations and other social organizations, as well as enterprises and individuals in the implementation of the national nutrition plan, and promote the benign interaction, orderly participation and responsibility of all parties in society, so that everyone can enjoy health and well-being.

(3) Main objectives.

By 2020, the standard system of nutrition laws and regulations will be basically perfect; The nutrition work system is basically sound, the nutrition work system of provinces, cities and counties is gradually improved, and the nutrition work at the grassroots level is strengthened; The food nutrition and health industry has developed rapidly, and traditional food and nutrition services have become increasingly rich; The level of nutrition and health informatization has been gradually improved; The malnutrition status of key populations has been significantly improved, the healthy lifestyle of eating balance has been further popularized, and the nutritional and health literacy of residents has been significantly improved. Achieve the following objectives:

-reduce the anemia rate of the population. The anemia rate of children under 5 years old is controlled below 12%; The anemia rate of pregnant women dropped below 15%; The anemia rate of the elderly population dropped below 10%; The anemia rate of people in poor areas should be controlled below 10%.

—— The folic acid deficiency rate of pregnant women should be controlled below 5%; The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants aged 0-6 months is over 50%; The growth retardation rate of children under 5 years old should be controlled below 7%.

-the growth retardation rate of rural primary and secondary school students should be kept below 5%, so as to narrow the height difference between urban and rural students; The rising trend of students’ obesity rate slowed down.

-improve the nutrition screening rate of inpatients and the proportion of nutritional treatment for malnourished inpatients.

-the awareness rate of residents’ nutrition and health knowledge has increased by 10% on the existing basis.

By 2030, the standard system of nutrition laws and regulations will be more perfect, the nutrition work system will be more perfect, the food nutrition and health industry will continue to develop healthily, the traditional food and nutrition services will be more abundant, the intelligent application of "internet plus Nutrition and Health" will be widely promoted, the nutrition and health literacy of residents will be further improved, and the nutrition and health status will be significantly improved. Achieve the following objectives:

-further reduce the anemia rate of key populations. The anemia rate of children under 5 years old and the anemia rate of pregnant women should be controlled below 10%.

-the growth retardation rate of children under 5 years old has dropped to below 5%; The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants aged 0-6 months will increase by 10% on the basis of 2020.

-further narrowing the height difference between urban and rural students; The rising trend of students’ obesity rate has been effectively controlled.

-further improve the nutrition screening rate of inpatients and the proportion of malnutrition inpatients.

-The awareness rate of residents’ nutrition and health knowledge will continue to increase by 10% on the basis of 2020.

-The daily salt intake per capita in China has been reduced by 20%, and the growth rate of overweight and obesity among residents has slowed down significantly.

Second, improve the implementation strategy

(1) Improve the standard system of nutrition laws, regulations, policies and standards.

Promote nutrition legislation and policy research. Carry out research work on nutrition-related legislation and further improve the system of nutrition laws and regulations. To study and formulate rules and regulations on clinical nutrition management and nutrition monitoring management. Formulate and improve policies related to nutrition and health. Study and establish nutrition and health steering committees at all levels, and strengthen technical consultation and guidance on nutrition and health regulations, policies and standards.

Improve the standard system. Strengthen the basic research and measures to ensure the formulation of standards, and improve the ability of standard formulation and revision. Scientifically and timely formulate nutrition and health standards based on food safety. To formulate and revise the industry standards of China residents’ dietary nutrient reference intake, dietary survey methods, population malnutrition risk screening, dietary guidance for diabetics, and population nutrition survey. Study and formulate the general rules of nutritious food for the elderly, nutrition labeling of catering food and other standards, and speed up the revision of important national food safety standards such as general rules of nutrition labeling, standards for the use of food nutrition fortifiers and infant formula food in prepackaged foods.

(2) Strengthen the building of nutrition capacity.

Strengthen the capacity building of nutrition scientific research. Accelerate the research and formulation of reference intake of dietary nutrients based on Chinese population data, change the status quo of relying on foreign population research results, and give priority to the study of important nutrient requirements such as iron and iodine. Study and improve the techniques and methods of food and population nutrition monitoring and evaluation. Study and formulate prevention and control technologies and strategies for nutrition-related diseases. Carry out economic research on nutrition and health, nutrition and social development. Strengthen the construction of national nutrition and health research institutions, and establish 3-5 regional nutrition innovation platforms and 20-30 provincial-level nutrition special key laboratories based on national and provincial nutrition professional institutions.

Strengthen the cultivation of nutrition talents. Strengthen professional education and high-level personnel training of nutrition talents, and promote nutrition training for clinicians in hospitals, maternal and child health care institutions, primary health care institutions, and catering personnel in centralized catering units. Carry out the training of nutritionists, nutrition caterers and other talents, and promote qualified schools, kindergartens, pension institutions and other places to equip or hire nutritionists. Make full use of social resources and carry out nutrition education and training.

(3) Strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of nutrition and food safety.

Regularly monitor the nutritional status of the population. Regularly monitor the nutritional health status and food consumption status of the national representative population, and collect information such as food consumption, nutrient intake, physical measurement and laboratory testing. According to the regional characteristics, the monitoring area and the monitoring population will be gradually expanded according to the needs.

Strengthen the monitoring of food ingredients. Expand the monitoring content of food ingredients, carry out regular monitoring, and collect data on nutritional ingredients, functional ingredients, ingredients related to special diseases, and harmful ingredients. Continuously update and improve the national food ingredient database. Establish laboratory reference system and strengthen quality control.

Carry out comprehensive evaluation and evaluation. Rescue historical investigation data, collect and systematically sort out all kinds of monitoring data in time, and establish a database. Carry out the evaluation of the nutritional health status of the population and the nutritional value of food. Risk-benefit assessment of dietary nutrient intake, pollutants and other harmful substances exposure was carried out to provide basis for formulating scientific dietary guidance.

Strengthening iodine nutrition monitoring and prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders. We will continue to monitor the urine iodine, water iodine and salt iodine of people and investigate the iodine in key foods, gradually expand the coverage areas and people, and establish a database of iodine nutrition status of China residents. To study and formulate scientific evaluation techniques and indicators of iodine nutrition status of the population. Formulate differentiated iodine intervention measures and implement accurate iodine supplementation.

(4) Developing food nutrition and health industry.

Intensify efforts to promote the production of nutritious and high-quality edible agricultural products. Prepare guidance on improving the nutritional quality of edible agricultural products, improve the nutritional level of high-quality agricultural products, and increase the overall proportion of "three products and one standard" (pollution-free agricultural products, green food, organic agricultural products and geographical indications of agricultural products) in similar agricultural products to more than 80%. Establish a nutritional agricultural product extension system, promote the nutrition upgrade and expansion of high-quality edible agricultural products, and promote the safe and nutritious agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas to go out. Research and build a continuously rolling national agricultural product nutrition quality database and a food nutrition supply and demand balance decision support system.

Standardize and guide the development of food nutrition and health industry to meet different needs. Develop and utilize China’s rich characteristic agricultural products resources, and focus on developing new nutritious and healthy foods such as health food, nutrition-fortified food and double protein food according to the health needs of different groups of people. Strengthen industrial guidance, standardize market order, scientifically guide consumption, and promote the coordinated development of production, consumption, nutrition and health.

Carry out demonstration and promotion of healthy cooking mode and balanced nutrition catering. Strengthen the nutritional transformation of traditional cooking methods and develop healthy cooking models. Combined with the nutritional needs of the population and the characteristics of regional food resources, a systematic study on balanced nutrition catering was carried out. Establish a national food nutrition education demonstration base, carry out the construction of demonstration healthy canteens and healthy restaurants, and promote healthy cooking mode and balanced nutrition catering.

Strengthen the implementation of major projects such as nutritious staple food and double protein project. Continue to promote the research and development of potato staple food products and consumer guide, focusing on traditional popular, regional characteristic, leisure and functional products, and carry out demonstration and guidance of nutritious staple food. With high-quality animal and plant protein as the main nutritional base, we will intensify our efforts to innovate basic research and processing technology, and carry out the transformation and promotion of key products of double protein engineering.

Accelerate the nutritional transformation of food processing. Priority should be given to the study of the amount of oil, salt and sugar in processed foods and their correlation with health, and timely control measures for oil, salt and sugar in processed foods should be introduced. Put forward the path of nutritional transformation of food processing technology, and integrate the technical system to reduce nutrient loss and avoid the production of toxic and harmful substances. To study the effects of different storage and transportation conditions on food nutrients and control the nutritional loss during food storage and transportation.

(5) Vigorously develop traditional feeding and maintenance services.

Strengthen the guidance of traditional food and nutrition. Give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, formulate guidelines for residents’ food and nutrition in line with China’s current situation, and guide the development of food and nutrition habits in line with the dietary characteristics of different regions in China. Promote the spread of traditional food and nutrition knowledge through various forms, and promote the effective integration of traditional food and nutrition with modern nutrition and physical fitness. Carry out food support guidance for the elderly, children, pregnant women and people with chronic diseases, and improve residents’ food support literacy. Implement the health project of preventing diseases with traditional Chinese medicine, and further improve the food and nutrition system suitable for national health needs.

Carry out monitoring and evaluation of traditional health-preserving ingredients. Establish a monitoring and evaluation system of traditional health-preserving ingredients, carry out monitoring and safety evaluation of effective components and pollutants in ingredients, and further improve the list of items that are both food and Chinese herbal medicines in China. In-depth investigation, screening a number of traditional ingredients and compatibility with certain use history and empirical basis, and making an empirical study on their health-preserving effects. Construction of health food database and information sharing platform.

Promote the research and development of traditional food and nutrition products and industrial upgrading. Combine modern food processing industry with traditional food products and formulas, promote the standardization of products and formulas, promote industrial scale, and form a number of food products with great social and economic value. Establish a resource monitoring network covering the main producing areas of health-preserving ingredients in China, grasp the dynamic changes of resources, and provide timely information services for research and development, production and consumption.

(6) Strengthen the sharing and utilization of basic data on nutrition and health.

Vigorously promote the sharing of nutrition and health data. Relying on the existing information platform, strengthen the information construction of nutrition and health, and improve the food composition and population health monitoring information system. Establish information sharing and exchange mechanism to promote interconnection and data sharing. Collaborative sharing of environment, agriculture, food and drug, medical care, education, sports and other information and data resources, the construction of cross-industry integration, cross-regional sharing, cross-business application of the basic data platform. Establish a nutrition and health data standard system and an electronic certification service system to effectively improve information security capabilities. Actively promote the "Nutrition and Health in internet plus" service and promote the pilot demonstration of big data application, so as to drive the development of nutrition and health-oriented information technology industry.

Comprehensively deepen data analysis and intelligent application. Establish a directory system of nutrition and health data resources, formulate management norms for hierarchical authorization, classified application and safety review, promote the open sharing of data resources, and strengthen the innovative application of data resources in various fields. Promote comprehensive analysis and mining of multi-domain data, carry out research on application scenarios of data analysis, build models of correlation analysis, trend prediction, scientific early warning and decision support, promote an integrated big data-driven service system, support business integration, inter-departmental collaboration, social services and scientific decision-making, and realize accurate government management and efficient services.

Vigorously carry out information service for the benefit of the people. Develop wearable devices and mobile terminals (APPs) that gather nutrition, sports and health information, promote the integration of internet plus, big data frontier technology and nutrition and health, develop personalized and differentiated electronic products of nutrition and health, such as nutrition calculator, mobile application of dietary nutrition and sports health guidance, and provide convenient and accessible health information technology products and services.

(7) Popularize nutrition and health knowledge.

Improve the supply and dissemination of nutrition and health science information. Around the needs of national nutrition and food safety science popularization, combined with local food resources and eating habits, combined with the traditional concept of food support, we compiled nutrition and food safety science popularization materials suitable for residents in different regions and different groups, so as to make the science popularization work better. Innovate the expression forms of popular science information, expand communication channels, and establish a national nutrition and food safety popular science platform for free sharing. Adopt a variety of communication methods and channels to spread popular science information to the target population in a targeted and accurate way. Strengthen the construction of popular science teams in nutrition and food safety. Give full play to the positive role of the media, resolutely oppose pseudoscience, crack down on and deal with various forms of rumors according to law, find and correct false nutrition propaganda in time, and avoid misleading nutrition information.

Promote the normalization of nutrition and health science education activities. Take the National Nutrition Week, the National Food Safety Publicity Week, the "May 20" National Student Nutrition Day and the "May 15" National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day as opportunities to vigorously carry out popular science education activities and promote the normalization of education activities. Promote the awareness rate of national nutrition and food safety knowledge into the assessment indicators of healthy cities and healthy villages and towns. The establishment of nutrition, food safety science demonstration workplace, such as nutrition, food safety science hut. Regularly evaluate the effect of popular science propaganda, timely guide and adjust the contents and methods of propaganda, and enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of propaganda work. Carry out public opinion monitoring, respond to social concerns, reasonably guide public opinion, and solve doubts and doubts for the public.

Third, carry out major actions

(1) Nutrition and Health Action for 1000 Days in Early Life.

Carry out nutritional evaluation and dietary guidance before and during pregnancy. Promote maternal and child health care institutions at or above the county level to provide nutritional guidance to pregnant women, and incorporate nutritional evaluation and dietary guidance into pre-pregnancy and pregnancy examinations in China. Carry out nutritional screening and intervention for pregnant women to reduce the birth rate of low birth weight infants and macrosomia. Establish a 1000-day nutrition consultation platform for early life.

Implement the nutrition intervention plan for women and children. We will continue to promote the project of folic acid supplementation for rural women to prevent neural tube defects, actively guide pregnant women to strengthen the supplementation of various micronutrients including folic acid and iron, reduce the anemia rate of pregnant women, and prevent nutritional deficiency in children. On the basis of reasonable diet, we will promote the intervention project of pregnant women in nutrition package.

Improve breastfeeding rate and cultivate scientific feeding behavior. Further improve the breastfeeding security system, improve the breastfeeding environment, and establish maternal and child rooms in public places, institutions, enterprises and institutions. Study and formulate scientific feeding strategies for infants and young children, and publicize and guide reasonable complementary feeding. Strengthen the monitoring and early warning of infant diarrhea and malnutrition cases, and study and formulate and implement prevention and control strategies for food-borne diseases (diarrhea, etc.) in infants.

Improve the quality and safety of infant food and promote the healthy development of the industry. Strengthen the monitoring of nutritional components and key pollutants of infant formula and supplementary food, and revise and improve the standards of infant formula and supplementary food in a timely manner. Improve research and development capabilities and continuously improve the quality of infant formula food and supplementary food.

(2) Student nutrition improvement actions.

Instruct students to have a nutritious meal. Encourage local governments to formulate recipe guides to meet the nutritional needs of students of different ages according to local conditions, and guide students to eat scientifically and nutritionally. Formulate and implement the nutrition operation norms of collective feeding units.

Intervention on overweight and obesity of students. Carry out the weight management and intervention strategy of "exercise plus nutrition" for students, carry out balanced diet and nutrition education for students, and enhance students’ physical exercise. Strengthen the management of food sales in and around the campus. Strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of students’ overweight and obesity, analyze the influencing factors such as family, school and society, and put forward targeted comprehensive intervention measures.

Carry out nutrition and health education for students. Promote primary and secondary schools to strengthen nutrition and health education. Combined with the characteristics of students of different ages, various forms of nutrition and health education activities are carried out in and out of class.

(3) Nutrition improvement actions for the elderly.

To monitor and evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly. Relying on the national gerontology research institutions and primary health care institutions, establish and improve the nutrition screening and evaluation system for the elderly in China, compile the nutrition health status evaluation guide, and develop appropriate nutrition screening tools. Pilot the monitoring, screening and evaluation of the nutritional status of the elderly population and form a regional demonstration, gradually covering more than 80% of the elderly population in China, and basically grasping the nutritional health status of the elderly population in China.

Establish nutrition improvement measures to meet the needs of different elderly people and promote "healthy aging". Relying on primary medical and health institutions, provide dietary guidance and consultation for the elderly at home. Introduce the standard of nutritional diet for the elderly, and guide the nutritional catering in hospitals, community canteens, medical and nursing institutions and pension institutions. Develop food products suitable for the nutrition and health needs of the elderly. Special nutrition intervention should be given to the elderly with low weight to gradually improve the overall health level of the elderly population.

Establish a nutrition and health management and care system for the elderly. Gradually incorporate the nutritional health status of the elderly into the residents’ health records to achieve seamless docking and effective management. Relying on the existing work foundation, nutrition work should be included in family health care services. Promote the multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism and realize the effective connection between nutrition work and the service content of medical care.

(4) Clinical nutrition action.

Establish and improve the clinical nutrition work system. Through the pilot demonstration, we will further promote the clinical nutrition work in an all-round way, strengthen the construction of clinical nutrition departments, make the ratio of clinical nutritionists to beds reach 1∶150, increase the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode, set up a nutrition support team, carry out nutritional treatment, and gradually expand the pilot scope.

Carry out nutritional screening, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment for inpatients. Gradually carry out nutritional screening for inpatients to understand their nutritional status. Establish a standardized clinical nutrition treatment path based on nutrition screening, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment, and provide nutrition treatment for malnourished inpatients according to the principle of nutrition ladder treatment, and regularly evaluate its effect.

Promote nutrition prevention and treatment of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Formulate and improve clinical nutrition intervention guidelines for chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke and cancer. Carry out nutrition evaluation work for inpatients with nutrition-related chronic diseases and implement classified guidance treatment. Establish a long-term nutrition management model for patients with nutrition-related chronic diseases from hospitals, communities to families, and carry out nutrition grading treatment.

Promote the standardized application of formula food and therapeutic diet for special medical purposes. Further study and improve the standard of formula food for special medical use, refine product classification, and promote the research and development and production of formula food for special medical use. Establish a unified nutritional standard for clinical therapeutic diet and gradually improve the formula of therapeutic diet. Strengthen the training of medical staff related knowledge.

(5) Nutrition interventions in poverty-stricken areas.

Incorporate nutrition intervention into health poverty alleviation work, and carry out nutrition and dietary guidance according to local conditions. Piloting the monitoring of nutritional health status, food consumption patterns, main nutritional components and pollutants in food for all kinds of people. Formulate dietary nutrition guidance programs according to local conditions, and carry out regional accurate classification guidance and publicity and education. In order to improve the nutritional status of residents and reduce the risk of specific pollutants intake, the feasibility of agricultural planting and breeding and the adjustment of residents’ dietary structure was studied, and solutions and specific measures were put forward, which were piloted in conditional areas.

Implement nutrition intervention for key populations in poverty-stricken areas. We will continue to promote the implementation of the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and the nutrition improvement project for children in poverty-stricken areas, and gradually cover all key counties for poverty alleviation and development and counties in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. Encourage schools in poverty-stricken areas to combine local resources and carry out reasonable catering according to local conditions, and improve students’ dining conditions at school. Continue to monitor and evaluate the nutritional health status and food safety risks of students in poverty-stricken areas. According to the nutritional needs of people in poor areas, formulate and improve nutrition and health policies and standards. Monitoring nutrition intervention products and regularly evaluating the improvement effect.

Strengthen the monitoring and prevention of food-borne diseases in poverty-stricken areas, and reduce the nutritional deficiency caused by food-borne diseases. Strengthen the construction of food-borne disease monitoring network and reporting system in poverty-stricken areas, understand the main food-borne diseases in poverty-stricken areas, epidemic trends, and their impact on the nutrition and health status of local residents, focus on strengthening diarrhea monitoring and traceability investigation, and master the sources and transmission routes of food pollution. According to the key points of food-borne diseases, the prevention and control strategies are formulated. Carry out publicity and education on the integration of nutrition and health.

(6) eat dynamic balance action.

Promote a healthy lifestyle. Actively promote the healthy lifestyle of the whole people, and extensively carry out special actions focusing on "three reductions and three health" (reducing salt, oil and sugar, healthy mouth, healthy weight and healthy bones). Popularize and apply the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents to guide the daily diet, control the salt intake, gradually quantify the use of salt and oil, and reduce the hidden salt intake. Advocate the basic principle of balanced diet, adhere to the dietary pattern of diverse foods and cereals, and promote the formation and consolidation of healthy eating habits of the people. Propagandize the concept of scientific exercise, cultivate the habit of exercise and fitness, strengthen personal weight management, and intervene in diet and exercise for adults who are overweight and obese. Regularly revise and publish dietary guidelines for residents and physical activity guidelines for adults.

Improve the nutritional support ability and effect of sports people. Establish a nutrition network information service platform for sports people, build a sports nutrition prescription library, promote accurate nutrition guidance for sports people, and reduce the risk of sports injuries. Revise the national standards and industry standards related to sports nutritious food in time, improve the research and development ability of sports nutritious food technology, and promote industrial development.

Promote the integration of sports and medicine. To investigate the nutritional status and exercise behavior of people with nutrition-related chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and bone diseases, and to construct a health management model of nutrition exercise with prevention as the main factor and prevention as the combination. To study and establish the path of exercise intervention for nutrition-related chronic diseases. Construct a model of integration of physical education and medicine, and play an active role of exercise intervention in the prevention and rehabilitation of nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Fourth, strengthen organization and implementation

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.Local governments at all levels should combine local conditions, strengthen organizational guarantee, make overall plans and coordinate, formulate implementation plans, refine work measures, and incorporate the implementation of the national nutrition plan into government performance evaluation to ensure effective results. Health and family planning departments at all levels should work with relevant departments to clarify the division of responsibilities, strengthen supervision and evaluation, and implement all tasks.

(2) Guarantee the investment of funds.It is necessary to increase investment in the national nutrition plan, fully rely on all sources of funds, guide social forces to participate extensively and diversify their investment, and strengthen fund supervision.

(3) Extensive publicity and mobilization.It is necessary to organize professional organizations, trade associations, associations and news media to carry out multi-channel and multi-form thematic publicity activities, enhance the general awareness of the national nutrition plan in the whole society, win the support of all parties, and promote the participation of the whole people.

(4) Strengthening international cooperation.Strengthen exchanges with international organizations and relevant national nutrition professional institutions, and enhance China’s international influence in the field of nutrition and health through project cooperation, education and training, and academic seminars.

More and more people talk about "emo" and often feel "I’m decadent", "I’m depressed", "I’m stupid" and "I’m unhappy" … You know, bad mood can really cause physical discomfort. Burnout is not just an adjective, psychological problems may indeed lead to heart disease. So, what psychological conditions will lead to heart disease and sudden death? How to avoid heart disease caused by psychological problems? Liu Meiyan, director of anzhen hospital Intracardiac Double Heart Medical Center, explained this.

"Broken heart" can really cause heart disease.

I talked about a vigorous love and suddenly fell out of love. Within the next two weeks, a serious heart attack occurred. In anzhen hospital, about 100 cases of young people suffering from heart attacks are treated every year.

This "heartbreak syndrome" is also called stress heart injury in medicine.

In fact, heart disease caused by heartbreak is very common in clinic. Liu Meiyan once attended the golden wedding celebration of an elderly patient, but a few years later, one of the couple died and the other died within the next 48 hours. "After an old man is acute heart failure. This is also a very important case of heartbreak syndrome or stress heart disease. " Liu Meiyan said, "When you are angry and anxious, you will feel uncomfortable in your heart. This situation should also be especially careful. Psychological stress myocardial ischemia may have occurred."

Psychological stress myocardial ischemia means that some myocardium suddenly stops working normally, which leads to poor pumping of blood. At this time, there is no blockage of blood vessels. "But we must not relax our vigilance against this kind of myocardial ischemia, because it means that in the near future, myocardial infarction may suddenly occur." Liu Meiyan said that myocardial infarction means that a certain blood supply artery of the heart is blocked, which leads to the serious situation of ischemia and hypoxia and even necrosis of some myocardial cells.

"Mental stress and negative emotions may also bring a series of other heart problems, such as sudden atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia, heart failure and so on." For example, after the COVID-19 epidemic, Liu Meiyan and her team clearly saw that many people were anxious and restless. Specific performance in the biological indicators, that is, blood pressure fluctuations back and forth.

"In the past, a antihypertensive drug, now one and a half or two tablets don’t work. In the past, a medicine that took care of the heart always hurts." This is also a heart disease caused by emotional stress.

Why do stress and emotions cause heart problems? Liu Meiyan explained that as early as 2000 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the theory of "seven emotions causing diseases" was put forward in the medical masterpiece Huangdi Neijing. It is mentioned in the book that the seven emotions of joy, anger, worry, thinking, sadness, fear and shock are too strong or persistent, which exceeds the physiological and psychological adaptability of the human body, and may lead to disorder of viscera and qi, disorder of qi and blood operation, and eventually induce diseases.

"When a person is in an unstable and irritable emotional state for a long time, his heart will be difficult to calm down." Liu Meiyan explained, "For example, some elderly people tend to think about things at home every day. The child waited at the door ten minutes before coming home from work, and came back later, with all kinds of messy pictures in his head. This restless heart is like a calm water surface, and all the impressions in my heart are often distorted, which actually means changes in neuroendocrine. "

According to the data of China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report in recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease in China has been increasing continuously, and cardiovascular disease ranks first in the cause of death among Chinese residents. The main risk factors of cardiovascular disease are hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and other biological factors, but the influence of psychological factors on cardiovascular disease should not be underestimated.

During the period of major events and natural disasters, there is indeed a high incidence of cardiovascular events. During the 2006 World Cup in Germany, a team of emergency doctors in Germany recorded the incidence of acute cardiovascular events in Munich during the World Cup in Germany. The results show that the incidence of acute cardiovascular events is 2.66 times higher than that of the same period in previous years on the day of the German team competition, and the most common occurrence time is 2 hours after the start of the competition.

In today’s fast-paced society, everyone needs to face many pressures in life and work, and it is inevitable that negative emotions will come to mind. Therefore, we must not underestimate the threat of negative emotions to health.

"From the imaging point of view, when the human body is at rest, the magnetic resonance imaging of the heart is normal; Once angry, there will be extensive ischemia in the myocardium, and the concept of blood supply and wall motion will change. We call it emergency ischemia. " Liu Meiyan said, "It is destructive in that it directly destroys the link between the nerve and the heart."

Psychocardiac medical evaluation can help early prevention and early treatment.

"I will have a heart attack? Will you die suddenly? What are the symptoms of heart disease? What should I do when I have an attack? How to avoid emergencies leading to illness? " When you understand the relationship between negative emotions and heart disease, you may ask these questions at the first time.

Liu Meiyan said that at present, it is medically possible to evaluate who is prone to heart disease, who is prone to injury and who is prone to atrial fibrillation. This assessment is divided into biological indicators and psychological indicators, which together are called "double heart" and psychological heart disease.

"In fact, we can make an effective judgment from ECG and a clear judgment from imaging." Liu Meiyan said.

For example, let the patient do exercise treadmill test and check his myocardial nuclide, that is, inject radioactive elements. These radioactive elements are quickly absorbed by normal myocardial cells, and the heart is stable at rest, so the distribution of radioactive elements is uniform. However, once he exercises, the cardiac image will show an uneven state, which means myocardial ischemia. Such people should be especially careful when they are active. If they run continuously, acute myocardial infarction will easily occur.

Some people, mental stress will lead to myocardial ischemia, monitoring them will find that using their brains and thinking about something continuously will lead to myocardial ischemia.

"This can explain why some people are not afraid to work, but they can’t get angry. When they get angry, they get sick. Some people say that as long as they don’t let me work, I can stand the injustice. This is because the biological inhibition in each human body is different. "

Because of this, it is very important to deal with it scientifically according to different situations. "We will do scientific treatment according to the different situations of patients. Based on multiple biological indicators in the blood, we can make systematic judgments, establish early contacts, and make timely treatment and adjustment. "

In fact, with the development of science and technology, "small flaws" in the heart can already be found at a very early stage.

Liu Meiyan once met such a patient in clinic. "One day he came to tell me, Dr. Liu, I think I am dying. I have chest pain when I am anxious. I have been hospitalized for 4 months before, and I can’t find out where the problem is!" Liu Mei Yan recalled. For this patient, Liu Meiyan’s team adopted the most advanced optical fiber imaging technology, and put a probe into the heart along with the blood flow, and into the grade 5 blood vessels to see the blood supply of the patient’s whole heart.

Under the probe, Liu Meiyan saw that the patient’s coronary artery was still intact, but surprisingly, the inner wall of his blood vessel had broken. "When we saw this fracture, we knew it was very dangerous. This is a’ time bomb’ in his body." Liu Meiyan explained that if such a fracture forms a cavity that runs through the blood vessel with the muscle crack, it will form a vascular interlayer. If it collapses, an acute thrombus will occur and block the blood vessel. This is acute myocardial infarction.

"This man is very dangerous." Liu Meiyan said, but because it was discovered early, the treatment method was not complicated. "We put it in with a small covered stent, flattened the crack, and he recovered with some medicine. After three days, he was fine when he was discharged from the hospital. It is very good now."

Therefore, for heart diseases, the key early judgment can help early identification and early treatment.

At present, from the perspective of modern medicine, "it is a very primary stage to judge whether it is a heart disease simply by relying on whether the blood vessel is blocked or not and whether there is any problem with the electrocardiogram." Liu Meiyan said, "We hope that we can go from basic imaging and histological indicators to molecular studies, and we can find the changes of biological damage at the earliest stage, because only in the early stage can we gain time to avoid subsequent vascular occlusion and subsequent heart failure, or to avoid subsequent malignant arrhythmia or even sudden death."

Avoiding emotional "earthquake" is an effective "vaccination"

So, can the heart problems caused by this psychological situation be effectively avoided?

Liu Meiyan explained that there are individual differences in the ability to withstand stress attacks, and not everyone will cause heart disease due to emotional changes. "Some people are particularly capable of carrying things, and their basic level of regulating neurotransmitters is very strong. Some people are particularly anxious, and they love to compete with each other in big and small matters. The result of the competition is to destroy the balance of neurotransmitters. So when the stress strikes, it may not work at once. "

Liu Meiyan and her team found in long-term research that people with relatively stable mental state will have a much better prognosis if they suffer from the same heart disease. The more depressed, anxious and insomnia people are, the greater the risk of heart disease and the probability of poor prognosis after heart disease.

For this reason, if we can pay attention to stress and a person’s internal emotional load, we can prevent and control this myocardial ischemia related to psychological emergency in advance, or it is called myocardial ischemia caused by mental stress.

"From our professional point of view, the heart damage caused by these stresses can be predicted and prevented clinically." Liu Meiyan said: "The first thing to prevent heart emergencies is to avoid too much emotional stress."

Moreover, to avoid this kind of premature or unexpected cardiac emergency, we should start by paying attention to the real stress level and the real emotional load. "Some people say that I can pretend not to worry, but this does not mean that your internal control system is normal. When you look calm and calm, but your heart is full of things, measuring your blood pressure and going up, the measured heartbeat is accelerated, which may indicate the problem of endogenous myocardial ischemia. " Liu Meiyan added.

In fact, although more and more people realize that it is very important to avoid mental health and reduce emotional stress for preventing heart disease, in general, this is still a shortcoming in China.

In recent two years, Liu Meiyan made a special survey on the physical and mental health of scientific and technological workers. The results showed that among Chinese scientists, the new incidence of coronary heart disease was over 35% and the incidence of hypertension was 56%. "Even among young scientists, there are more than 35% patients with hypertension." Liu Meiyan said, in fact, this is a very important data, which shows that even in the group with higher education level, the importance from psychology to heart, from sleep to nutrition has not attracted enough attention.

"Hypertension and a series of injuries caused by psychological problems, as a fuse, will detonate a person’s systemic risk. Therefore, we should pay attention to the early warning of heart disease." Liu Meiyan said.

"With the development of society and science and technology to the present level, through the calculation of genes and other test indicators, if a person does not have a heart attack, if there is no tumor, it is no problem to live to 120 years old. Then why don’t many people live? It may be that the following aspects have been neglected. "

Liu Meiyan said that although there are some old tunes, I still hope that everyone can pay more attention to them.

She suggested that everyone should first pay attention to their own biological hard indicators, especially if people are over 50 years old, whether their cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein are below 2.6, whether their blood pressure is below 130/80, and whether their fasting blood sugar is below 6.0. Secondly, 30 minutes of exercise every day, even if you sweat slightly, can play a role. Furthermore, it is also important to ensure that the food is rich in colors and every color is ingested every day, so as to reach the standard of a balanced diet.

She particularly emphasized that emotional "earthquakes" should be avoided. To avoid stress injury caused by mental stress, it is best to keep inner peace deliberately, so as to protect your own regulatory system and nerve transport system. Stable good mood and good attitude towards life are an effective "vaccination" for cardiovascular disease.

"The most expensive thing is not housing, not eating, not transportation, but health." Liu Meiyan said, "Once a person loses his health, he can only lie in a hospital bed and look at the ceiling, which is extremely painful. The most precious thing in life is health, for individuals, for families, and for our country. " (Zhan Yuan)

If you talk about the Maritime Silk Road, you may imagine that big ships are full of silk and sold all over the world. In fact, when it comes to hard currency in marine trade, it is porcelain.

In 1557, the Portuguese established a trading port in Macau, which started the colonization of this area and opened a new chapter in the export of China porcelain. Before that, China’s export porcelain was mainly controlled by Arabs. With the arrival of Portuguese, Europeans occupied a dominant position in China’s porcelain trade for the first time. When the exquisite porcelain was transported to the European court, these treasures from the East quickly attracted the attention of European nobles. In English, these porcelains are called "china-ware". Since then, the meaning of this word has changed further, and porcelains produced anywhere are called "china".

Although Europeans quickly ignited the enthusiasm of imitating porcelain, they were deeply troubled by the mystery of porcelain. Because of the translucent characteristics of porcelain, Europeans tried to mix glass powder into clay at that time in order to make exquisite porcelain. As a matter of fact, as early as in The Travels of Marco Polo, there were descriptions of porcelain recipes, but they were all whimsical and could not be copied. In 1570s, the Medici family successfully copied it for the first time in Florence, but it was difficult to compare with Chinese porcelain in hardness and quality. Many people believe that Yin Hongxu, a Catholic missionary in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, sent her observations in Jingdezhen and samples of kaolin and porcelain clay to Europe, so that Europeans finally learned the secret of porcelain making in China. But before Yin Hongxu, Europe had actually guessed the secret of porcelain. This story happened in Dresden, then the Principality of Saxony, and there is a legendary story behind this legendary discovery.

Medici family made porcelain in 1575-1587. As can be seen from the picture, they mainly imitated the style of blue and white porcelain, but the quality was not good.

The arrested alchemist

Meissen, Germany, has an unparalleled position in the history of European porcelain production, because it is the first place to start the high-quality imitation of China porcelain, and makes Meissen become the iconic brand of European porcelain. However, this critical moment in the history of European porcelain originated from an absurd case.

In 1700, John Friedrich Friedrich BTTGER (February 4, 1682-March 13, 1719), an 18-year-old genius, was arrested in Vittenburg and taken to Dresden. Augustus the Strong "elector of Saxony, ordered his arrest. The young man said that he had not committed any crime and should not be treated illegally. However, Augustus is hiding something from him. I don’t know where this elector heard that this young man is a gifted alchemist who can refine gold from some scrap metal and soil. Rumors of alchemy have reverberated in Europe for thousands of years. Although no one has really succeeded, most people have no doubt about the real existence of this technology. Therefore, Augustus asked the boy to make gold for him in Dresden, otherwise, he would be imprisoned for life.

A bust of Botger

The rumors that Augustus heard were not groundless. During his stay in Berlin, Botger followed the famous chemist Zorn in experiments. Chemists at that time often had a belief that there was a mysterious substance (Alltinktur) in the world that could extract a magic medicine that could cure all diseases, or that ordinary metals could be turned into precious gold through a special reagent (so-called Goldmachertinktur). It is said that Zon mastered the secret, and this mysterious formula was stolen by young Botger. Frederik 1 of Prussia also hoped Boteger would make gold for him, but because of the leak, Boteger was able to escape from Berlin. Unexpectedly, he went out of the wolf’s den and into the jaws of death, and fell into the hands of Augustus.

Mathematicians’ feelings about porcelain

He was imprisoned in a secret cabin and forced to carry out hopeless chemical experiments. Augustus sent another chemist to supervise Botger’s work, and this person was Ehrenfried Walther von tschirnhaus (April 10, 1651-October 11, 1708).

Compared with Botger, Zienhaus is already a renowned physicist, mathematician, chemist and medical scientist. Zienhouse studied mathematics, philosophy and medicine at Leiden University in the Netherlands in his early years, and served in the Dutch army from 1672 to 1673. He has made a lot of friends in European academic circles, not only having a good talk with the philosopher Spinoza in Holland, but also going to England to discuss mathematical problems with Isaac Newton. When he was in Paris, he met Leibniz, who had a bad relationship with Newton, became his lifelong friend and kept a lot of letters. Therefore, we have reason to think that he is more willing to believe that calculus is Leibniz’s masterpiece.

Zienhaus portrait

In addition to mathematics and philosophy, Zenhouse has been trying to reveal the secrets of China porcelain, and has achieved some breakthrough results, but he can’t repeat his experiments on a stable basis. He suggested to Botger that they study the secret recipe of porcelain together. He told Boteger that it was more feasible to find out the formula of China porcelain than alchemy, and if it could produce exquisite porcelain, it would be enough to give Augustus an account. In the European market at that time, the value of exquisite porcelain was not inferior to that of gold and silver, and even comparable to that of platinum. Although Botger himself was depressed, Zienhaus’s suggestion was accepted by Augustus. So, under the surveillance of a group of guards, Botger went to Mason to engage in porcelain experiments. Even when Swedish troops invaded the Principality of Saxony in 1706, they were looking for Botger. In order to keep this "big baby", Augustus transferred him to a distant black forest and imprisoned him during the war.

Explore the secret recipe of porcelain

Just after the war ended in September, 1707, Augustus personally ordered Botger to cooperate with Zienhouse to try to imitate China porcelain with some chemists and craftsmen in the laboratory in a castle in Dresden. At that time, Yin Hongxu had not written "China Ceramics", and this letter about the secrets of Jingdezhen porcelain did not reach Europe until 1712. So the main method at that time was to conduct repeated experiments on massive raw materials. In January 1708, they found the first workable formula. In this formula, the key step is to use kaolin and alabaster from Schneeberg. Augustus was very satisfied with this result, and even placed an important position in the Privy Council for the laboratory commander-in-chief, Zienhaus, and asked him to lead a porcelain production factory in the future. Zienhouse modestly replied to the king that he hoped to wait until all the experiments were finished and a way of mass production was found before accepting the king’s reward and position.

Unfortunately, Zienhaus died on October 11th of that year, and the whole process of porcelain decryption was handed over to the young Botger. What is puzzling is that the production of porcelain has been at a standstill. On March 20th, 1709, Melchior Steinbrück, the manager of the Zienhouse family business, signed an asset certificate with Boteger, and eight days later, Boteger suddenly informed King Augustus that he had invented the formula for making good porcelain.

In the early summer of 1709, the Dresden factory began to produce porcelain on a large scale and sold it at the Easter market in Leipzig in 1710. At the same time, Augustus also built a royal porcelain factory in Myson, which was operated remotely by Botger in Dresden to supervise the production of porcelain. It is worth noting that the early porcelain of Meissen is red in color, which is more similar to the purple sand (then called B?ttgersteinzeug, which is still used in German to represent purple sand), and then it is glazed and fired again, and decorated with silver carvings in the baroque style that was popular at that time.

Mason porcelain made in 1708-1710. It can be clearly seen from the picture that there is still a big gap in quality between white porcelain and later white porcelain.

Beginning in 1713, Botger further improved the process, which enabled Meissen’s factory to produce white porcelain, and mastered the glaze process in the following years, which became popular in Europe. Botger is deeply proud of his creation, and even thinks that his porcelain is superior to Chinese porcelain. In any case, in the European market, Saxony porcelain has become a symbol of new fashion and status.

In 2010, Germany issued a commemorative stamp commemorating the 300th anniversary of German porcelain making. The portrait selected for the stamp was drawn by Paul Kie?ling in Albrechtsburg in 1880, in which Botger was the one who operated the experiment in front, while Zienhaus was sitting in the back with a wig.

Although Botger, who created great wealth for Saxony, was rewarded with a mansion, there were still guards at the door and he failed to regain his freedom. Because Dagong was worried that he would leak the secret recipe of porcelain making, which would affect Saxony’s leading position in the European porcelain making industry. In 1714, Botger, who had been imprisoned for nearly fifteen years, was finally set free. Although the archduke was furious at Botger’s failure to find the secret of alchemy, Meissen’s exquisite porcelain won him great wealth. Sadly, however, this talented chemist died in 1719. This may be because he worked in a porcelain kiln for a long time without protective measures, and his health was fatally endangered. Some people say that he died of a killer sent by Augustus and put deadly poison in the wine he drank. It is said that shortly before his death, Botger wrote a poem to describe the misery of his life and the greed of the king:

The king longed for the fruit of gold,

But these weak hands are hard to make.

Only the crystallization of porphyry and borax,

Presented in front of the king’s throne as a sacrifice.

Yes, because of inner greed, these hands reached out to the big ship full of porcelain.

Portuge Memorial Statue in Dresden

Disputes over the right of invention

However, this story did not end with the death of Botger. His right to discover the secrets of porcelain-making was questioned after his death. Many people in the industry believe that Botger stole Zienhaus’s discovery that his room was stolen three days after Zienhaus’s death. People believe that Botger is the thief and stole the secret recipe written by Zenhouse. Others believe that Botger got the recipe only when Steinbrook arrived in Dresden to deal with Zienhaus’ relics together. For Steinbrook, after taking charge of the Wangs porcelain factory, Botger appointed him as supervisor and married his sister to him.

In addition to these strange events, there are also some witnesses who publicly accuse Botger of stealing the achievements of Zenhaus. Samuel St?lzel, a porcelain craftsman who defected from Myson to Vienna at that time, proved in 1719 that Zienhouse first discovered the secret of porcelain, but it was not further revised and made public because of his sudden death. In the same year, Caspar Bussius, secretary general of Meissen’s Handicraft Guild, also made it clear that the invention of porcelain should be attributed not to Botger, but to Zienhouse, because the former got the formula from the latter.

In 1731, Peter Mohrenthal, president of the Meissen Chamber of Commerce, wrote: "The whole of Saxony will remember von Zienhouse. As long as Meissen’s porcelain factory is unique outside China, his reputation will last forever … because Mr. Zienhouse was the first lucky person to find the secret of porcelain, and the controversial Mr. Bergent only developed in details later … Feng.

It is worth mentioning that Mason’s porcelain-making tradition still exists today. At the end of 18th century, the German civil war continued, and once the factory with 700 employees was moved to Berlin. After World War II, Germany, as a defeated country, was forced to send a lot of equipment to the Soviet Union as compensation. Due to the division of Germany, Meissen’s porcelain factory became a joint venture between the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Germany (East Germany), and became the main source of foreign exchange for East Germany after 1950.

Therefore, no matter who was the first person to discover the secret of porcelain in Europe, Europeans nearly 300 years ago got a glimpse of the mysterious fate of China porcelain, which made European porcelain-making technology enter a new stage. The discovery of this secret has also had an impact on China, especially on the decline of many export-oriented porcelain factories in Jingdezhen, which is another story.

The glazed porcelain made by Maisen in the 1720s is obviously influenced by China porcelain, among which the "nondescript" Chinese style of painting is similar to the "Jesuit porcelain" made in China.