Exploration and research on the drilling layout and divination form of word Oracle bones in Yin Ruins

(all two volumes)

By Zhao Peng

Published in April 2024

Content introduction

According to the materials of Oracle bones used for divination, that is, scapula, abdominal shell and dorsal shell, this book makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the drilling layout and divination forms of various types of Wang Oracle bones in the south and north of Yinxu Village, as well as various types of non-Wang Oracle bones. The evolution sequence of Oracle bone drilling layout in Yin Ruins is established, and the development track of Oracle bone divination form in Yin Ruins is analyzed. Interpret the layout of some characteristic Oracle inscriptions. This paper analyzes the influence of Oracle bone materials in the same group on the content and form of divination. This paper discusses the influence of Oracle bone staging, Oracle bone group, Oracle bone material, divination content and drilling layout on divination form.

Brief introduction of the author

Zhao Peng is a researcher at the Institute of Ancient History of China Academy of Social Sciences. His research interests are Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the history of Yin and Shang Dynasties, focusing on the arrangement and description of Oracle bones, the study of drilling layout and divination forms. He is the author of "A Preliminary Study on the Names and Dating of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins" (Wired Bookstore, 2007) and "A Collection of rubbings on Oracle Bones" (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2016). Participated in the compilation of Oracle Bones Collected by the Historical Research Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences (edited by Song Zhenhao, Zhao Peng and Ma Ji Fan, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2011).

Catalogue

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(Huang Tianshu)

Zhao Peng, a researcher at China Historical Research Institute, recently finished the book "The Layout of Oracle Bones with Characters and the Exploration of Divination Forms in Yin Ruins". The author asked me to write a few words at the beginning. I am very happy. I would like to take this opportunity to talk about my own ideas on the layout of Oracle bones and the arrangement offered by Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

In recent ten years, the author has devoted himself to studying the drilling layout of Oracle bones. In my opinion, drilling layout is a very important research topic in Oracle divination. Although some scholars have done some research, there are still many problems to be solved. This book is the latest achievement of drilling layout research, and I hope it will be published as soon as possible.

A rough reading draft, I think this book has many advantages: first, comprehensively and systematically sort out and study the drilling layout, and summarize its evolution sequence and development vein. Second, the drilling layout is rich in materials, illustrated and easy to read. Third, it is advocated that the drilling layout should be comprehensively studied in combination with Oracle inscriptions and ordinal numbers. More importantly, this book has the following two main findings:

First, the layout of drilling affects the form of divination. For example, during the period of Zu Geng in Wu Ding, the tortoise shell of Cunbei system was not drilled, and the bovine scapula with a single drilling layout at the neck of the head bone usually used a complete set of divination forms.

Secondly, from the perspective of drilling layout and divination form, the South-Central School in the village is more closely related to the division group, which directly develops from the division group, and the North School in the village is likely to be a new or innovative series; The South-Central School of the village developed first and influenced the North School of the village. For example, the Central South Department of the village entered the stage of layout along the bone edge from the first group of the calendar, and the second group of the Northern Department of the village began to layout along the bone edge. The divination in which the focus of different links of the same event is arranged along the bone edge began to appear in the first class of the calendar group in the south-central part of the village, and it began to appear in the second class of the group in the north part of the village.

The study of drilling layout is a relatively cold corner in the field of Oracle bone inscriptions, and there are few related works. In the past, Oracle bone scholars mostly focused on the study of characters, and few people paid attention to the Oracle bone materials and their drilling layout attached to characters. In recent years, scholars have realized that Oracle Bone Inscriptions should be comprehensively studied from several sub-disciplines, such as Oracle divination (drilling layout under its jurisdiction), Oracle morphology, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions’s dedication. The core of Oracle inscriptions is "drilling" and "divination". Foreword, destiny, divination, preface and so on are all arranged and written around "drilling" and "divination" like the stars arch the moon. In my opinion, there is a drilling layout first, then a burning layout, and then a burning layout. The front and back sides of the large version of Oracle bones are often engraved with dozens of Oracle inscriptions. If scholars don’t understand the layout of drilling, burning and Oracle inscriptions, there will be problems in the Oracle bone inscriptions written.

On the reverse side of Oracle bones, there are artificial drills, the spindle is a chisel and the circle is a drill. The above is the preparation for divination. And burning drill is the beginning of divination. After burning, Cho Chien is chiseled and trillion branches are drilled. A passage from this book (page 49) to Mr. Tsung i Jao is very important. In 1961, Mr. Rao said in the article "A Study on the Yin People’s Concept of Numbers from the Count of Bu Zhao —— On the Number of Images of Turtles" (Collection of Papers Celebrating Mr. Dong Zuobin’s Sixty-Five Years Old): "There are four things on the tortoise shell, which keep a joint relationship, namely, the drilled hole on the back of the tortoise, the trillion images on the ventral surface after burning, and the numbers engraved in trillion positions, which are engraved with the engraving. I think Mr. Rao’s words can be summed up in eight words, namely, "drilling, omen, number and diction, four in one" The so-called "drilling" refers to "drilling". As we all know, there are very few people who drill first and then drill, but don’t drill. Oracle bone divination belongs to heat divination. The diviner burned the drill with the burning thorns, which made the front of the Oracle bone crack into a "Bu"-shaped divination. Each divination is composed of Cho Chien and Zhaozhi, which first comes from Cho Chien and then Zhaozhi. Chisel out the Cho Chien, which looks like a trunk and has the same shape; Drill out trillion branches, shaped like branches, in various shapes. Yin people mainly judge good or bad luck according to the shape of trillion branches. Therefore, the language of "drilling" is dominated by "drilling" and supplemented by "chisel", where "drilling" stands for "drilling". The so-called "omen" means that the reverse side is burning and the front side is ominous. The so-called "number" is the abbreviation of "ordinal number", which is also called "trillion sequence", "preface" or "trillion sequence".Record the number and order of divination. The so-called "ci" refers to the following nine parts: pre-ci, life-ci, occupation-ci, verification-ci, omen-ci, preface, diction, fu-ci and agency-ci. But not all divinations are recorded, but some parts are often omitted. The so-called "four-in-one" means that the four elements of "drill, omen, number and diction" should be arranged around "drill" and "omen" like the stars arch the moon.

Let’s take a complete edition of tortoise shell "Part C" 63-64 (Collection 12051) as an example to illustrate the "four in one". The biggest shortcoming of Mr. Zhang Bingquan’s Oracle Inscriptions in A Textual Research on Part C is that he wrote the four-in-one words separately, in other words, it did not well reflect the joint relationship between the drilling layout, augury, ordinal number and Oracle Inscriptions. The interpretation of Part C is self-evident, so I don’t want to quote it. In this paper, according to the new concept of "four in one", the interpretation of Part C 63-64 (Collection 12051) is rewritten in the following, and then elaborated. In order to facilitate reading, the interpretation of the text should use common words as much as possible.

(1) come to ten. (Carved on the reverse right nail bridge. "Lai Lai Shi" recorded that the turtles were paid by Dai Suo Gong Na, a total of ten)

(2) shell. (Carved on the left-hand side of the left-hand bridge. The "shell" is the name of Zhen, and it is recorded that the custodian of the repair gives the dug and drilled abdominal armor to Zhen’s shell to collect the palm for divination.

(3) Zhen: Liao Niu. (engraved on the reverse side) [1] 2 (engraved on the corresponding position on the front side)

(4) don’t burn. (engraved on the reverse side) ф (ф, which means that there is only a omen in the corresponding position of the front side, but the ordinal number is not engraved and the omen is committed. Here is another oracle that the omen infringes on the front side)

(5) Liao a cow. (engraved on the reverse side) 1 (engraved on the corresponding position on the front side)

(6) [Don’t burn a cow]. (There was no Oracle inscription on the reverse side, but it was supposed to be "Don’t burn a cow") One (the corresponding position on the front side is only Bu Zhao and the ordinal number "one". Bu Zhao and the ordinal number "one" are shown in the corresponding position of the second line of the front left front armor near Qianli Road)

(7) Liao Er Niu. (The reverse side above) ф (It is engraved in the corresponding position on the front side, which indicates the omen, but the ordinal number is engraved and the omen is made)

(8) Liao San Niu. (engraved on the reverse side) 1 (engraved on the corresponding position on the front side and making a sign)

(9) Zhen: The following year, Gui Wei (20) burned five cows. One two three four five (engraved on the front)

(10) Don’t burn five cows in the next year. One two three four five (engraved on the front)

(11) call. (engraved on the reverse side) 1 (engraved on the corresponding position on the front side and making a sign)

(12) Call for help, get it from the east first. (Engraved on the left front nail bridge) One, two, three (Engraved on the front left front nail and making a sign)

(13) Zhen: Call for help, get it first. (Engraved on the right-hand bridge) Four (Engraved on the front)

(14) Call for help first. (Engraved on the right-hand bridge) Five (Engraved on the front)

(15) jiachen (41),

Zhen: It rains today. (engraved on the front) One two three four (engraved on the front)

(16) jiachen (41),

Zhen: It won’t rain today. (engraved on the front) One two three two to four five (engraved on the front)

(17) Jia Chen (41) Bu,

Zhen: The next day (42) its rain. (engraved on the front) One two three four (engraved on the front)

(18) Zhen: The next day (42) it didn’t rain. (engraved on the front) One two three four (engraved on the front)

(19) Zhen: The following day did not (44) rain. (engraved on the front) One, two, three (engraved on the front)

(20) Zhen: The next day Ding Wei (44) did not rain. (engraved on the front) One, two, three small notices (engraved on the front)

(21) it

It’s not just worrying about Zu Yi. (engraved on the reverse side) 0 (engraved on the corresponding position on the front side, with omen but no ordinal number engraved and making omen)

（22）

Yu zuyi. (engraved on the reverse side) 0 (engraved on the corresponding position on the front side, with omen but no ordinal number engraved and making omen)

(1)(2) is an official statement, which records the origin of Oracle bones and the person who drilled them, and delivered them to the Zhen people’s shell for control after drilling them. In order not to interfere with divination, the inscription is generally engraved on the edge without drilling. (1)(2) The inscription is immediately on the opposite side of the nail bridge.

According to the principle of "the kind (event) follows each other, according to the omen (drilling)", there are four types of Oracle inscriptions on the front and back of this edition of tortoise shell: the first category (3) to (10) divination "Liaoniu". (3) "Liao Niu" and (4) "Don’t Liao" are against chastity. (5) "Liao a cow" and (6) "[Don’t Liao a cow]" are also against chastity. (7) to (10) It is appropriate to choose a few cows for chastity. The second category (11) to (14) divination "Gunnar". The third category (15) to (20) divination "weather". The fourth category (21) to (22) divination sacrifice "Zu Yi".

In recent years, after the establishment of Oracle bone divination, drilling layout can be included in Oracle bone divination for research. With the improvement of photography and printing technology, there are high-definition color photos of Oracle bones, and the color photos can be enlarged in the computer to observe the drilling layout. The conditions for studying Oracle divination (including drilling layout) and Oracle morphology have been greatly improved. It is hoped that the reverse side of Oracle bones will be recorded in the Oracle bone description books published in the future, so as to facilitate the study of the drilling layout of Oracle bones and better understand the Oracle bone inscriptions.

Huangtianshu

Tsinghua campus, October 3, 2023

Foreword

This book makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the drilling layout and divination forms of all kinds of word Oracle bones in Yin Ruins according to the materials, initially establishes the evolution sequence of drilling layout of Oracle bones in Yin Ruins, roughly combs the development vein of divination forms in Yin Ruins, and interprets some characteristic Oracle inscriptions layout.

The introduction part defines the concept of drilling in this book, the research content and significance of this book, and reviews the previous studies, and puts forward that the current study of Oracle bone drilling layout should be combined with Oracle bone group, trillion sequence arrangement, Oracle composition, Oracle bone layout, divination and so on to carry out a more in-depth and detailed study.

The first chapter to the fourth chapter combs the drilling layout, characteristic Oracle inscriptions layout and divination form of the Jia bones of Yin Ruins Division Group, Village Central South System, Village North System and Non-Wang Group. It is pointed out that the layout of scapula drilling in Cunnan system began to enter the layout stage along the bone edge (that is, a row of mortar edges and a half rows along the opposite side), while in Cunbei system, it was an independent layout of the bone head and neck in the early stage, and it began to be arranged along the bone edge (that is, a row of mortar edges and a half rows along the opposite side) after the second class. It is pointed out that the drilling layout of the middle-south system in the village is more closely related to the scapula of the division, and it is directly developed from the division, while the drilling layout of the northern system in the village is likely to be a new or innovative series for the scapula of the division. The Jiagu of the Central South System in the village is bounded by the second class of the calendar group, with more divination before and one divination after. The northern part of the village is bounded by the class of guests, with many words before and one word after. The two divination forms basically entered the stage of one word and one divination at the same time. The divination in which the focus of different links of the same event in one day is arranged along the bone edge began to appear in the middle and south part of the village, and this divination form began to appear in the second part of the village. No matter from the layout of drilling or the composition of divination in different aspects of the same event in a day, the development of divination in the Central South School of Village is earlier than that in the Northern School of Village, and it is the Central South School of Village that has influenced the Northern School of Village.

The fifth chapter to the seventh chapter combs the layout of drilling, the layout of characteristic oracles and the form of divination on the division group of Yin Ruins, the village north system and the non-king’s abdomen armor. It is pointed out that the drilling of the abdominal nail in the division group has a messy layout and the burning direction is uncertain. The Cunbei system is bounded by the guest-out class, and the drilling layout in the early stage is diversified, including three categories: sparse, dense and sparse-dense mixed. The second group and He group are basically the main two-column layout, and the one near Jiaqiao has burning on the outside of drilling, while the Huang group is the main two-column or three-column dense layout. In the form of divination, the layout of drilling was greatly influenced in the early stage, and different drilling layouts used different forms of divination. In the later period, it was basically a word.

Chapters 8 to 10 sort out the drilling layout and divination form of the division group, the village north system and the non-king’s back armor. It is pointed out that the dorsal nail has a messy layout in the division group and the burning direction is uncertain. There are two or three rows of dense layout in the Bin Formation in the north of the village, and one row of drilling layout will be added after leaving the formation. The form of divination is bounded by the category of object, with many words in the early stage and one word in the later stage.

In the southern part of the village, the Jia bone is basically used for divination, while in the northern part of the village, the tortoise bone is used together. The reason why the division group is studied separately as a chapter is to find out the relationship between the division group and the village south school and the village north school. The conclusion is that the relationship between the division group and the Oracle bones of the village south system is closer, and the development of the same system can be found, while the relationship between the village north system and the division group is obviously far away.

The drilling layout and divination form on non-Wang Oracle bones are different from the norms of Wang Oracle bones in the period. Except for the afternoon group, divination is mostly within three divinations. The drilling layout of Huadong Oracle bones is relatively simple and dense, but the divination form is free and flexible, which is not restricted by the drilling layout.

Chapter 11 discusses the role of drilling layout in Oracle bone conjugation and classification.

Chapter 12 discusses the influence of different materials in the same group of Oracle bones on the content and form of divination.

Chapter 13 discusses the influence of Oracle bone staging, Oracle bone group, Oracle bone material, divination content and drilling layout on divination form. It is pointed out that the forms of Oracle bone divination in Yin Ruins are diverse and constantly developing, which is the most active and prosperous period of thermal divination.

Postscript

Seventeen years have passed since my doctor graduated in 2006. In the past 17 years, more invalid time has been used, while some effective time has been tight and tight, and some have been rushed and rushed.

After graduating from Ph.D., I wanted to finish sorting out all the names of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, analyze some phenomena of names, make further corrections and supplements to the previous mistakes, and imagine that it can be extended to the study of the official system of Yin Shang Dynasty. However, after some study and work experience, the original plan was changed and more attention was paid to the layout of Oracle bone drilling.

From September, 2007 to June, 2008, Mr. Li Xueqin opened a course on Oracle bones in Tsinghua University, and many students and scholars from Beijing attended. In the course of studying this school year, one of my gains is to realize more deeply that Oracle bones are relics of divination. Thinking about many problems of Oracle bones should leave a perspective of divination.

In 2008, I participated in the research group of Three Editions of Oracle Bone Inscriptions Collection, and I was responsible for the combination and arrangement of Oracle bones in Part B, Part C and Supplement B. In the process of splicing and pasting the fragments of the rubbings of Part B, the signs on the front and the drills on the back attracted my attention. The reverse rubbings after spelling are sorted and sorted one by one, and the result is the article "Preliminary sorting and research on drilling and mega-sequence arrangement of tortoise shell of Kengbin Formation YH127 in Yin Ruins" which participated in the Second Youth Forum of Ancient Philology of Shiyu Institute in 2016. After further streamlining, it was published in the Journal of Archaeology (2017).

In 2010, together with Mr. Song Zhenhao and Mr. Ma Ji Fan, we sorted out the Oracle bones collected by the Historical Research Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences. In the process of finishing, I am responsible for taking photos, sorting all Oracle bones and interpreting texts. When interpreting texts, the principle of proximity is basically used to deal with the attribution of mega-words, so the attribution of mega-words in the book Zhong Li Cang is basically wrong, and this responsibility lies with me alone.

In 2012, I was fortunate to attend the 19th annual meeting of China Ancient Characters Research Association hosted by Fudan University, which was the first time in my life to attend the annual meeting of China Ancient Characters. At the meeting, Mr. Wang Zewen published the article "Supplement to the Oracle Inscriptions Collected in the Far East Antiquities Museum in Stockholm, Sweden" and related descriptions, which made me realize that my previous treatment of the inscription may be wrong. After the meeting, I began to sort out the inscription position of mega-words on a version of Oracle bones, and came to the conclusion that mega-words are above mega-branches, while mega-words are below mega-branches (of course, there are also mega-words above Cho Chien, and mega-words outside Cho Chien, etc.), so mega-words should be written after the mega-numbers above mega-branches, not after the nearest mega-words. Before and at that time, many scholars’ cognition of the attribution of mega-words was correct. Only my poor studies have caused great mistakes and may spread to others. So far, I am ashamed.

The concern about mega-words has aroused my concern about mega-ordinal numbers. In 2012, I began to sort out the arrangement of Oracle bones in each group. When sorting out the abdominal carapace of the yellow group turtle, it was found that there were some phenomena in which the number of the right abdominal carapace was "one" and the left abdominal carapace was "two". Once Mr. Li Xueqin attended a meeting of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (2013), I found an opportunity to ask Mr. Li about this phenomenon. Mr. Li said that this is interesting and can be sorted out. This has strengthened my confidence in sorting out and studying this problem.

In 2012, he assisted in taking photos of Oracle bones in Lushun Museum and Chongqing Three Gorges Museum, and in 2014, he assisted in taking more than 2,000 photos of Oracle bones in Shandong Museum. In the process of assisting in taking these photos, I have a more intuitive understanding of the drilling layout. Looking back now, whether the photos you see are page by page or one by one may have different trigger points for people.

In May 2017, I joined the working group of "Oracle Bone Inscriptions Manuscript Series". This work gives me a chance to sort out Oracle bone materials more comprehensively, and on this basis, I pay more attention to and think about it, and my understanding of Oracle bone drilling layout and divination form is more perfect than before.

In 2008, Mr. Li Xueqin published the article "The Expansion of Oracle Inscriptions on Di Xin’s Expatriates" in the Research on the History of China, arguing that the Zhongnan and Cunbei lines of Jiagu Village in Yin Ruins ended separately, so it is unnecessary to merge into one line. Another thought brought to me by this article is how the two departments started. In 2019, I was fortunate to be invited by Mr. Lin Hongming to give an academic lecture on "Deep Wave Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Yin Shang Civilization" at Taiwan Province University of Political Science. In the preparation of the lecture, I first compared the drilling layout of the scapula of the northern system of the village with that of the central and southern system of the village. The result of comparison is that the drilling layout of the division group’s scapula is a series with the south of the village, but far from the north of the village.

In 2020, Master Huang Tianshu first put forward the branch field of Oracle divination in He Hui’s Preface to the Study of Oracle Inscriptions on Tortoise Abdomen. On July 8, 2022, Master Huang Tianshu gave a lecture entitled "Oracle divination" in the famous forum of ancient Chinese characters in NTU, which further improved the theoretical framework of Oracle divination. The proposition of "Oracle bone divination" makes the research of this topic have the support and ownership.

In short, the arrangement of Oracle bone materials, the shooting of Oracle bone photos, the reflection on my own wrong cognition, the study and exchange, the development of disciplines, etc., are all the reasons why I keep thinking about the drilling layout.

There are two more points about this book: First, the layout of drilling is closely related to the form of divination. Different drilling layouts may lead to different forms of divination. When the layout of drilling changes, the form of divination will basically change. The second is about the "two columns" drilling layout. The core reason why we don’t classify the "one row and half rows on the opposite side of the scapula" and the "multiple ring sparse type" on the tortoise shell as the "two rows" drilling layout is that the divination group has different divination thinking and divination use for these two drilling layouts, which also reflects their different divination thoughts. Our cognition should be as close as possible to the ideas and practices of the divination group.

Since 2008, it has been fifteen years since we began to pay attention to drilling and mega-sequence. Although the drilling layout seems to be a problem that can be solved in a short time, there will always be some points in fifteen years to promote us to think about this problem repeatedly or have new thinking. Now that it is about to be published, I hope that the problems revealed in the book, such as the layout of drilling, the form of divination, the layout of Oracle inscriptions and the relationship between the two systems, can be close to the truth of history. But the truest feeling in my heart is fear, fear of misreading the practice of ancestors’ divination, fear that there must be some superficial, inaccurate and incomplete cognition, and that every version of Oracle bones has not been carefully arranged from the perspective of divination …

Finally, I would like to thank Master Huang Tianshu for his training and urging, and to preface my book. Thanks to Li Xueqin, Song Zhenhao, Liu Zhao, Li Zongkun, Dong Shan, Lin Hongming, Fang Zhisong, Wang Zewen, Zhang Ang and others who gave me advice, care and help along the way. Thanks to the five judges of the National Social Science Fund for their comments on revision. Thanks to Ms. Gu Lidan and Editor Yao Minghui of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House for their efforts in publishing this book. Thank my mother for her help and care in my life.

November 8, 2023

Shuying

Original title: "The new book recommended the publication of" Exploration and Research on the Layout and Divination Form of Oracle Bones with Characters in Yin Ruins "

Read the original text

"color" of "looking for"

Comment on Zhao Yi’s Searching: Dimensions and Signs of Literature

Text | Liu Xiaobo

Zhao Yi’s Search: Dimensions and Signs of Literature (hereinafter referred to as Search) shows the sharpness and tolerance of young people’s critical writing, such as unique and novel perspective selection, fashionable issues of concern, sharp writing, wise views, and sometimes a sharpness. These characteristics are the background color of criticism and the true nature of critics. As a young critic, Zhao Yi pays more attention to contemporary writers who are both young people, forming a typical contemporary criticism. Zhao Yi’s writing is also cross-border. She is not only engaged in criticism, but also writing novels. At the same time, she is also a literary editor. She has a multi-faceted identity and her academic background is also cross-border. All these make her critical writing have a solid foundation, broad vision and more rich texture. The "thing" of "looking for" can be described as the content and ambition of bo literature, while the "color" of "looking for" is the background and true color of criticism.

Youth edge:

Well-founded "reckless"

From the title, "Looking for" has revealed a unique edge of youth criticism, which is also a simile of its criticism itself. Young critics certainly have the unique characteristics of young people, such as unique and novel perspective selection, fashionable issues of concern, sharp writing, wise views, and sometimes a sharpness, which is fully reflected in Zhao Yi’s Looking for a Job. Zhao Yi’s criticism pays attention to the frontier issues, closely follows the present and the times, and pays continuous attention to the new literary phenomena. His sense of criticism is extremely keen and his critical perspective is unique. Almost all the articles in the "Horizon Phenomenon" section are centered around the literary hotspots in recent years, expressing his unique observation and thinking about the new phenomena in the current literary world.

Zhao Yi’s literary criticism has a broad vision, often starting from the big background of the times, and combining the inside and outside of literature for systematic analysis. Micro-writing and micro-reading are carefully combed in the article "Micro-novel and micro-reading", and micro-writing and micro-reading are exactly the new literary images caused by media changes. Zhao Yi’s point of view is launched from the big background. In her view, the rise of new media has shaped the literary concept, the existing form of literature and the way of literary production, dissemination and acceptance, which has had a direct and far-reaching impact on literary creation in the traditional sense. One of the symbolic appearances is that literary creation is increasingly developing towards miniaturization, portability and mobility with the media terminal technology oriented to user experience and functional requirements, and literary styles and modes of communication are showing a trend of "micro", which has brought the prosperity of "micro" art based on information. And this generalization has actually become a general description of the background of the current literary development. For example, in her research on the post-90s literary phenomenon, she also cut in from the media perspective: the current post-90s literary production is the participation, deduction and display of virtual reality scenes under the all-round digital media ecology with the Internet as the core, and the writing of new media is exported through sub-cultural ways such as audio-visual and network. This kind of thinking is still based on this basic background of the times. Zhao Yi also spared no effort to pay attention to other new literary images. The problem of "correcting the name" of online literature from the perspective of Xianxia tradition pays attention to online literature.The choice of incision is small: Xianxia tradition, but the problem discussed is very grand: the problem of "correcting the name" of online literature. The Orientation of Adaptation and the Scale of Animation pays attention to China’s animation and thinks about the future of China’s animated films. These questions are very fashionable and fresh, and they all have a certain sense of problems. Fifteen Random Thoughts on Literary Phenomena seems to be just a few words, but in fact it shows a kind of fluidity and meticulousness of thinking, which is unique, sharp and cutting-edge. Each random thought involves a more important proposition. These random thoughts are directed at the essence of the problem, and they seem to be independent of each other, but in fact they have their own internal logic.

In the reading of orthodox literary texts, Zhao Yi also has her own unique views, and many texts even gain new vitality and glow with different colors in her interpretation. The "viewpoint and scene" part is the continuous attention to the current creation, and makes a meaningful interpretation of the new works of mature writers. The possibility of flowers is difficult, Mo Yan’s new drama: be strong and sing, and even enter a bowl of sorghum wine! The latest works of Mo Yan, Alai and Jin Yucheng are interpreted in detail in such chapters as The Wind: Reality and Fantasy in Zhou Xiaofeng’s Star Fish, Sounding with solemn compassion-The persistence and success of Alai’s Story in the Cloud, On the Long Paradigm and New Discovery of Going North, etc.

Zhao Yi’s critical style is sharp, wise and even sharp, which is unique to young people. Sometimes, compared with mature critics, it is obviously more open. Wang Binbin once mentioned in an interview, "I have never been completely reckless. When I was young, I had a lot less scruples, but now I have a lot of worries. I despise myself more and more. " Mature critics are full of worries, while young critics rely on youthful exuberance and have no scruples. This kind of freedom is not a "cool comment" to gain eyeballs and brush traffic, but a well-founded "no scruples" by daring to discuss problems, break down the barriers of the circle, and find the internal logical basis through careful logical analysis.

Contemporary criticism:

Peer Friendship and Critic’s Ruthlessness

As a young critic, Zhao Yi pays more attention to contemporary writers who are both young people, forming a typical contemporary criticism. The so-called contemporaries are "contemporaries who were born in the same period and have common historical experience, thus showing similar spiritual structure and behavior patterns". Because of the similarity of physiological structure and the convergence of spiritual structure, Zhao Yi pays great attention to the creation of his contemporaries, which shows the friendship between peers and the merciless side of critics. In her critical writing, we can find the bright spots of the younger generation, and there are also many flaws in the creation of the same generation, so as to improve the writing of young people.

A lot of content in Looking for a Person is concerned about the same generation. There are both interpretation of individual cases and analysis of phenomena. An interesting phenomenon is that many contents in the book are directly related to post-90s writing. The article How to Open the Writing of the Post-90s systematically combs the writing of the Post-90s, and The New Media Literary Life of the Post-90s pays attention to the creation of this group from the media perspective. Many other chapters also discuss this topic, forming an interesting "post-90s" criticism of "post-90s". There are also some articles that discuss the individual writing of young writers. From "Channel Tide" to "Tide", why does Ban Yu look like a logo? This paper presents a panoramic view of the creation of young writer Ban Yu. Examination and circumstantial evidence: from the witness to the space-time body-reading Zhou Kai’s Moss and the future book of detective novelists interpret Zhou Kai’s two works, both of which are in-depth case studies.

As a peer, the author can better understand the creation of young writers, and can also fully demonstrate in criticism. This not only reflects the inclusiveness of contemporary criticism, but also reveals the shining side of young writers to the greatest extent, and also has the "heartless" side of critics, who will never be soft in the face of shortcomings and direct problems. In How to Open the Writing of the Post-90s, there is a detailed analysis of the creation of various literary genres of this group, pointing out many existing problems, such as "the writer’s works are extroverted and the readers have great repetitiveness", "some young poets have given up the stylistic dignity of their poems and the completion of their stylistic spirit" and "exposed some deficiencies in comprehensive cultivation", and so on. The article "A Brief Analysis of the Lack of Lu Xun’s Literary Spirit in Youth Writing" points out the major problem of the lack of literary spirit in youth writing. There are still many articles that point out the shortcomings of Chen’s creation from the phenomenon, and many of them take young writers as examples.

The criticism system constructed by youth criticism is not only more systematic and professional in academic level, but also has a tangible flesh-and-blood connection between literature and reality established by the younger generation. Zhao Yi is not only practicing it himself, but also trying to find the common experience of one generation from the same generation, which is the unique value of contemporary criticism.

Multi-life writing:

Various dimensions and marks of literature

Zhao Yi also shows a cross-border between writing and criticism. She is a typical multi-faceted writer. She is not only engaged in original writing, but also engaged in criticism. She is also a literary worker in important positions such as Lu Xun College of Literature, People’s Literature and China Writer. Therefore, Zhao Yi has great enthusiasm for the literary scene and presided over columns in many publications to promote the development of youth criticism. For example, she once presided over the column of youth criticism in Contemporary Literary World, and invited several authors to discuss the same topic in each issue, which almost included all the young critics who were active at that time in China, and paid attention to the cutting-edge topics. In a word, the author of this book is the witness and witness of the literary world, and these experiences are the symbol of its various literature and the source of its various dimensions.

His varied writing experience makes his critical words more familiar with creation, literary scene and the essence of criticism. So far, Zhao Yi has created many novels, and this cross-border will have a far-reaching impact on his criticism. She also has a clear understanding of this phenomenon itself. In the article "Cross-border Writing: Thinking, Creation and the Orientation of the Heart", she takes Zhang Ning’s creation as an example to systematically discuss the value and significance of Zhang Ning’s novel writing as a scholar, and comprehensively observe Zhang Ning’s novel creation. Its complete literary theory system can be seen in the centralized turn of expressing thinking. And she herself has gradually moved along this cross-border path.

In addition, Zhao Yi’s literary criticism has a classical flavor, which is related to her academic background. She studied classical literature. Disciplinary barriers divide literature as a whole, and the research after opening up will encounter different scenery. In fact, Zhao Yi implied a classical perspective in his criticism, and cherished the tradition, which gave his criticism a kind of connotation. The title of the book "Looking for" is derived from the classic work of classical criticism "Wen Xin Diao Long". The so-called "looking for a move, the heart also shakes". Not only the title of the book, but also as a critic who studied China’s classical literature, the "Horizon Looking Back" part of the book mainly pays attention to China’s classical literature, and its discussion categories include Cao Zhi’s letters, Wang Bi’s metaphysics and aesthetic thought, Canglang’s poetry talk, Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Liu Yi’s poetry talk and so on. Zhao Yi can often find out the present value and significance from classical studies. For example, when discussing Ouyang Xiu’s Poems on June 1, she pointed out that "Poems on June 1 gives some inspiration and response to the question of how literature should be positioned and treated in today’s society. Literature is not just literature, but a way of life." These classical criticism practices are not only addicted to "old paper piles", but more importantly, she has brought this classical atmosphere into contemporary literary criticism, and there are classical shadows in many articles. For example, the criticism of the current new literature phenomenon "micro-literature" is mostly related to the classical tradition; The problem of "correcting the name" of online literature from the perspective of Xian Xia’s tradition also connects the research of online literature with China’s literary tradition. This treasure of tradition makes her criticism more profound.

Zhao Yi’s criticism targets are extremely wide, ranging from novels, essays to poems in genre, from literature to culture in content, from ancient times to contemporary times, and from domestic to foreign countries in space. This broad vision makes her criticism highly transitive, and it is also the embodiment of the critical creed she has always believed in: literary criticism should at least have certain academic principles and origins, keen insight and problem consciousness, be full of sincerity and goodwill, resonate with herself in the context of the times, and at the same time be desirable. In the preface of the book, Qiu Huadong said, "The significance of this collection of comments can not be ignored, because it, like the author, is a writer and witness of contemporary spirit, and it is a vivid witness of literary life. It is manifested in rich reading and multi-angle observation. It is conveyed through various discourses, and it provides a stylized study mode related to knowledge production and material research. It highlights the literary vision of young people and dares to express their opinions. The key words of witness, witness, agility, stylization, and young people are the precise summary of a young critic who lives in many places.

Searching: Dimensions and Signs of Literature

Author: Zhao Yi

Publishing House: Sichuan People’s Publishing House

Publication date: January 2022

Zhao Yi: Ph.D. student in Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, engaged in literary research and novel creation. She has won the short story nomination award of the Young Chinese Writers Award, the outstanding new work award of Beijing Literature, the literary criticism award of the Long March Literature Award, and the popular novel award of Selected Novels.

The author of this article is Liu Xiaobo: critic and deputy editor of Contemporary Literary World.

Original title: Reading | Liu Xiaobo: Color of Searching —— Comment on Zhao Yi’s Searching: Dimensions and Signs of Literature

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The ecological environment is closely related to our health.

Every citizen of China has responsibilities and obligations.

Protect the ecological environment on which we live.

Ecological environment and health literacy are all citizens of China.

Important social responsibilities that need to be understood and practiced

We will continue to release relevant content in the near future.

Promote the knowledge of ecological environment and health literacy.

Welcome friends to pay attention to forwarding.

As early as September 2013,

The former Ministry of Environmental Protection put forward the concept of environment and health literacy.

The "Environmental and Health Literacy of China Citizens (Trial)" was released.

In July 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released

Action Plan for Improving Residents’ Ecological Environment and Health Literacy (2020-2022)

Ecological Environment and Health Literacy of China Citizens

In May 2021, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment issued.

Action Plan for Improving Residents’ Ecological Environment and Health Literacy in Yunnan Province (2021-2022)

It aims to promote the formation of self-conscious and self-disciplined green low-carbon behaviors and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

Residents’ ecological environment and health literacy

Helping healthy Yunnan

Beautiful Yunnan and the construction of the vanguard of ecological civilization

Then what is the ecological environment and health literacy?

What is the meaning of this concept?

Let’s start with the significance of improving the ecological environment and health literacy of all citizens.

Protect the ecological environment and maintain health.

The realization of this goal requires the government’s attention

It also requires every citizen to practice.

Mobilize public power

Let the public participate in the modern environmental governance system

Is the most inclusive

The most effective measures to achieve this goal

By publishing

Ecological Environment and Health Literacy of China Citizens

Guide citizens to correctly understand the relationship between man and nature.

Establish the concept that environment and health are closely related.

Popularize the ecological environment and health that citizens should have at present.

Basic concepts, knowledge, behaviors and skills

Mobilize public forces to protect the ecological environment

Maintain good health

Build "Healthy China" and "Beautiful China"

At the same time, it is also the competent department of ecological environment at all levels.

Professional organizations, social organizations and mass media

Publicize and educate the public

Important basis of popular science communication

Action Plan for Improving Residents’ Ecological Environment and Health Literacy in Yunnan Province (2021-2022)

Put forward the following eight tasks

Establish a quality improvement work system

Strengthen the construction of literacy and popular science ability

Disseminate knowledge, behaviors and skills.

Strengthen the communication of ecological and environmental health risks

Pay attention to improving teenagers’ literacy

Focus on improving the literacy of ethnic minorities

Establish a monitoring and evaluation system

Comprehensively enhance

Ecological environment and health literacy level of residents in Yunnan Province

According to the Healthy China Action

Target requirements of "Healthy Environment Promotion Action"

In 2018, through the basic concept of residents,

The questionnaire survey results of basic knowledge and skills show that

The baseline level of residents’ ecological environment and health literacy in China is 12.5%

in other words

Achieve and have ecological environment and health literacy.

Residents with relevant abilities

There are less than 13 people in every 100 people.

The popularization and promotion of ecological environment and health literacy has a long way to go.

Contributed by: Regulations and Standards Division of Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment.

Edit | Wang Yanmei

Original title: "Environment and Health | Do you know" Ecological Environment and Health Literacy of China Citizens "? Poke →

Read the original text

Text/Tanma Blue Flag

From Handan East Station, go west along Hanwu Expressway, and you can reach Wu ‘an City in an hour’s drive. After crossing the Wu ‘an boundary, the castle peak is faint, and there are chimneys of all sizes in the light gray background in the distance.

Wu ‘an, dotted by the Taihang Remnant Vein, has been a major smelting town in China since ancient times. Its history of mining and smelting iron began in the Warring States and flourished in the Western Han Dynasty, and lasted for more than 2,000 years. Wu ‘an, which made its fortune from underground resources, was known as the local "Little Beijing" decades ago. With the strong attraction of steel and other industries, a large number of foreigners flocked to Wu ‘an, and the scenery was the same for a while.

However, the county-level characteristic economy dominated by steel not only brings a halo to Wu ‘an, but also brings troubles of environmental pollution to Wu ‘an. High pollution was another image of Wu ‘an, and seeking economic transformation has become a top priority for Wu ‘an.

In April 2012, Wu ‘an Yinlong New Energy Industrial Park was established. This factory covers an area of 2,600 mu with a total investment of 30 billion yuan. There are Hebei Yinlong Xinyuan Co., Ltd., North Aoti Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. and Zhuhai Guangtong Automobile Company Handan Branch, which can provide tens of thousands of jobs. As a gift from Wei Yincang, the founder of Yinlong New Energy, to his hometown, the annual output value of the industrial park can reach 120 billion yuan after it is fully put into operation, which is equivalent to rebuilding Wu ‘an.

It’s been 30 years since Wu ‘an was founded in the county, and now the local ruffians have all gone, the steel mills have cut production, the coal mines have been closed, and the most promising new energy sources are not working.

The taxi driver’s master chatted with Hunting Cloud Network about Wu ‘an’s past, and when it comes to new energy, his expression suddenly faded. Wu ‘an Yinlong New Energy Industrial Park, a factory with all the hopes of Wu ‘an sprinting for a new economy, and Yinlong, led by Dong Mingzhu, are currently mired in the whirlpool of public opinion about the suspension of production.

On June 1, 2018, during a field visit to Wu ‘an Yinlong New Energy Industrial Park, Hunting Cloud found that the seriousness of Yinlong’s production suspension was beyond imagination, and its influence was far beyond its own scope. The changes that have taken place in a startup enterprise are, to some extent, the projection of the whole industry’s rapid progress.

The bus inventory is shocking, and it has been dusty for too long.

There are lithium titanate material factory, lithium ion battery factory, energy storage system assembly factory and new energy pure electric vehicle assembly factory in Yinlong Industrial Park in Wu ‘an, forming a new energy industry chain that supports each other in business.

Now, this chain is undergoing a chain reaction of deterioration. Due to the sluggish business in Wu ‘an Guangtong Automobile Factory, there were no sales orders, resulting in a large number of vehicles in stock. The suspension of production in the vehicle workshop directly led to the shutdown of Yinlong battery production workshop, which led to a large number of employees leaving.

Zhao Jia, who is waiting for the bus, told Hunting Cloud that she has been working in Yinlong Battery Factory for more than three years. About six months ago, orders in the factory began to decrease, and there was not much work.

"When there was an order before, it took 12 hours and took 12 hours off; Now there is less work, 12 hours, 24 hours off, and three shifts. "Zhao Jia said frankly," I used to be tired, and I earned more than 4,000 yuan a month. I came out just to earn money. It’s nothing to work overtime. Now I earn much less, and the salary can be more than 2,000. It’s ok for female employees to earn so much, but it’s not justified for men to earn so little. Many colleagues quit because they think the salary is low and they can’t afford it financially ….. "

According to Zhao Jia, as the largest battery factory in Yinlong, the lithium titanate batteries produced here are used by the opposite side (Hunting Cloud Network Note: Hebei Guangtong Automobile Factory) and the Zhuhai Headquarters. Due to the reduction of orders for electric buses, there is no work in the battery factory.

Another employee revealed that only the No.3 workshop is now producing normally, and all other workshops have stopped. Employees have holidays and can only be arranged to go to work on notice.

　

"Why not report it to the relevant departments?"

"The relevant department replied that the insurance has been communicating with Yinlong."

"I’m doing business next to Yinlong Factory. Yinlong came over when it built the factory. It’s been five years since I built this house in my own land," Wu Dabo told Hunting Cloud Network. "At first, I cooked seedlings and sold other things at the same time. I didn’t cook, but there were more workers and more people eating, so I changed it into a small restaurant."

When talking about the business situation, Wu Dabo shook his head: "When the business was good, more than 100 people came to eat in the morning, but now it’s no good. Only a few people eat barbecue and drink here at night."

Informed sources told Hunting Cloud that they were all on holiday, and the factory didn’t pay the employees for three or four months (Hunting Cloud Network Note: no salary), and some employees left their jobs without paying the expenses (Hunting Cloud Network Note: salary). Yinlong vehicle workshop plus battery factory, originally more than 9000 people, now only more than 1000 people have left.

This person also revealed that according to the agreement signed by Yinlong and relevant partners, Yinlong can get a three-year financial subsidy (Hunting Cloud Network Note: this subsidy does not refer to the national financial subsidy for new energy vehicles), and now it has been replenished for three years, and no subsidies will be made. The insider said that because the car made by Yinlong was "unqualified" (note: short cruising range here), if it could not be sold, there would be no order.

One of the manifestations of the decrease in bus orders is the increase in bus inventory. In Yinlong Guangtong Automobile Factory, a large number of buses are accumulated in the open space around the factory because they cannot be sold externally. These unsold buses are mainly in three colors: green, blue and pure white. There are about 500 vehicles at the rear and right side of the factory.

These 3355 buses are allocated to each park that has been put into production, and there are not many vehicles produced in each park. Therefore, the inventory of 500 buses in Wu ‘an Yinlong Industrial Park is shocking, and the inventory pressure in Wu ‘an factory area can be imagined.

Seeing the amazing inventory of Guangtong Automobile, it is not difficult to understand that Yinlong Battery Factory took the initiative to stop production. It can be judged that those dusty buses have been parked on the site for some time. They are either unsold vehicles with problems or normal unsold vehicles, and either one is Yinlong’s trouble.

The pure white bus is the latest production, and it can be seen that drivers drive it in and out from time to time and drive on the ring road of the factory. Yinlong employees told Hunting Cloud that this was a new car road test.

For the large-scale shutdown of Wu ‘an Yinlong factory, some people choose to leave, while others choose to stick to it, no matter what kind of choice they make, it is for their lives.

Employees have mixed feelings: some choose to leave, while others choose to stay.

In Wu ‘an, when you ask how to get to Yinlong Factory, people in their seventies can skillfully show you the nearest way. In Wu ‘an, it is not too much to say that Yinlong is a household name.

Walk from Wu ‘an Town, cross the high archway of Xichangyuan Village, turn two corners in the village, and walk not far to the back door of Yinlong New Energy Industrial Park. Most people in the neighborhood work in Yinlong. At around 8:30 in the morning, employees in Yinlong green overalls can be seen riding electric cars through the village.

As to why he chose to stay, Zhao Jia told Hunting Cloud Network that Wu ‘an is strict about environmental protection, steel mills are reducing production, and Yinlong’s environment is much better than that of steel mills, with buses commuting and dormitories to live in, which provides great convenience for employees.

"It would be better if the benefit of the factory is good. After all, the environment here is better, the work is not too tiring, and the steel plant is too dirty, so we women workers are reluctant to go," Zhao Jia explained.

In Yinlong Industrial Park, there are all kinds of living facilities, such as staff dormitory, dining hall and staff activity places. The environment in the park and workshop is much better than that in local steel mills, cement plants and chemical plants in Bi ‘an, so Yinlong Factory is still a good choice, even the only choice, for local employees in Wu ‘an. It is not difficult to understand why some people are still unwilling to leave their jobs after being owed wages for several months.

In addition, some employees revealed that Yinlong mainly left the front-line production staff, that is, "those who made batteries", while there were more than 30 people in the quality control department, and fewer employees left.

For the employees who left, some people are full of resentment against Yinlong; For those who stay, some people try their best to maintain the positive image of Yinlong, thinking that dismissing employees is the company’s downsizing and increasing efficiency; There are also on-the-job employees who reveal their true thoughts and hope that the media can make some objective reports, which are neither partial nor exaggerated, so as to urge Yinlong to pay attention to the interests of employees.

Of course, more local people hope that Yinlong can recover, which is not only out of the selfishness of finding a job and supporting the family, but also the expectation of Wu ‘an’s economic transformation as a member.

Wei Yincang’s "Black Hole" Superimposes Dong Mingzhu’s "Great Leap Forward"

Wei Yincang, a native of Wu ‘an, Handan, won the first bucket of gold in his early years in Wu ‘an.

In 2008, Wei Yincang founded Yinlong New Energy Co., Ltd. in Zhuhai and entered the field of new energy; In 2010, Zhuhai Yinlong spent 57.5 million US dollars (about 400 million RMB) to acquire 53.3% of the shares of American Aoti, and Yinlong mastered the production technology of lithium titanate battery; Since the implementation of industrialization investment in 2009, Yinlong has carried out a comprehensive layout around lithium titanate core materials, batteries, motor control, charging equipment, energy storage and pure electric vehicles.

In 2016, after Dong Mingzhu, who regarded Yinlong as a dark horse, failed to acquire Yinlong in Gree Electric, he joined hands with Dalian Wanda Group headed by Wang Jianlin, Suqian Hanbang Investment Management Co., Ltd. under Liu Qiangdong, CIMC Group and Beijing Yanzhao huijin international Investment Co., Ltd., a mysterious shareholder, to jointly increase the capital of Zhuhai Yinlong by 3 billion yuan. Since then, Dong Mingzhu entered Yinlong, and the iron lady’s tough work style began to permeate every corner of Yinlong.

Later, everyone is familiar with the story. Yinlong’s management was reshuffled, founder Wei Yincang left the post of chairman, and Gree executives entered the core management.

The shutdown of Wu ‘an Yinlong New Energy Industrial Park is not an isolated case, and other industrial parks invested by Yinlong all over the country are also facing similar difficulties.

In 2017, Dong Mingzhu signed a project cooperation agreement with Luoyang on behalf of Yinlong New Energy and Gree Electric, including Yinlong’s investment of 15 billion yuan to build a new energy industrial park in Luoyang High-tech Zone. Now, half a year later, Luoyang Industrial Park is still a "wilderness".

The situation of Yinlong Chengdu Industrial Park is also not good. The automobile factory is in a semi-stop state because there is no order, and the second phase of the project, namely the lithium titanate battery project, is suspected to be in a state of stagnation.

As a key park of Yinlong in North China, Shijiazhuang Park was once one of the three production bases of Yinlong, and now some workshops are also in a state of suspension.

Yinlong has always been a "dark horse" among new energy automobile enterprises. From the acquisition of Aoti Nano to Dong Mingzhu’s shareholding with a number of star entrepreneurs, Yinlong’s aura is incomparable to ordinary enterprises. The root cause of Yinlong’s large-scale shutdown is not from a single factor — — It is not only related to the things in Yinlong gene, but also to the violent changes of Yinlong in recent years and the Great Leap Forward.

After Dong Mingzhu became a shareholder in Yinlong, a large-scale industrial park was built in order to "scramble for land" before the new energy policy was tightened. At present, Yinlong has at least 11 industrial parks in China. After Dong Mingzhu became a shareholder in Yinlong, the total investment of new energy industrial park projects signed by Yinlong reached at least 80 billion yuan.

So, where does the money for investing in industrial parks come from? Borrow.

In May 2017, CITIC Bank granted a credit of 27.6 billion yuan to Zhuhai Yinlong Group, which can be used for pledge financing of subsidies for new energy vehicles, and provided construction loans totaling 8 billion yuan to Chengdu Yinlong and Tianjin Yinlong bases. In addition to CITIC Bank, many banks such as China Construction Bank and Ping An Bank also provided financial support to Yinlong.

Dong Mingzhu’s "Great Leap Forward" only had a strategic position, and did not consider too many consequences. As of December 31, 2017, Yinlong’s total assets were 31.512 billion yuan, while its total liabilities reached 23.767 billion yuan.

Dong Mingzhu governed Yinlong in his own way. After "taking the pulse" for Yinlong, she said rudely that from a cultural perspective, Yinlong lacks corporate culture and craftsmanship, and it must be completely subverted; From the business model, Dong Mingzhu’s "dagger" stabbed Yinlong directly — — Yinlong used to rely on bank financing to survive. As a manufacturing enterprise, it should rely on the market to solve problems.

Careful people will find that since Dong Mingzhu dominated Yinlong, Yinlong official website has made great adjustments, and the "four-way win-win" model of bus companies, new energy vehicle companies, local governments and financial institutions that Yinlong had vigorously promoted before has disappeared.

According to Yinlong’s business model of "zero-price car supply, 10-year lease, 10-year warranty, vehicle replacement and win-win for all parties", bus companies only need to do a good job in operation scheduling and management, and vehicle manufacturers are responsible for the 10-year warranty of the vehicle "three electricity" system. The bus pays the rent by means of financial lease, with zero down payment and the car payment by ten-year installments.

This model can alleviate the one-time payment pressure of local finance and increase orders for Yinlong, but it is difficult for Yinlong to obtain sufficient funds from the sales of buses to support the further development of the enterprise. It can be inferred that Dong Mingzhu has denied this model.

While Dong Mingzhu emphasized "relying on the market to solve problems", Yinlong has obviously not done it.

Yinlong’s main lithium titanate battery product has many advantages: it can be quickly charged and discharged in 6 minutes, can withstand wide temperature (-50℃~+60℃), has a 30-year cycle life, has high safety without fire and explosion, and has low life cycle cost.

However, the disadvantage of lithium titanate battery is also obvious: its cruising range is short, which is not attractive to consumers who are full of mileage anxiety at present, and its products are mostly used in the bus market. After all, the growth of the city’s bus market is limited, and it will face bottlenecks to a certain extent. Now the suspension of production in Wu ‘an Yinlong factory is directly related to this.

The operating data of Yinlong in recent years is not ideal. According to Gree’s previous announcement, Yinlong’s operating income in 2016 was 7.898 billion yuan and its net profit was 836 million yuan. It is worth mentioning that the amount of state subsidies declared by Yinlong in 2016 alone was as high as 2.135 billion yuan. In 2017, Zhuhai Yinlong’s operating income was 8.752 billion yuan, its net profit was 268 million yuan, and its net profit decreased by 67.94%.

In response to the current shutdown event, the relevant person in charge of Yinlong said that Wei Yincang, the founder of Yinlong, left some black holes. At present, Yinlong has carried out internal rectification around product quality, supply chain management and manufacturing. Due to the great changes in Yinlong’s senior management team and the implementation of new management concepts and standards, the supplier system has been reshuffled, and some suppliers have failed to get payment due to quality problems. According to incomplete statistics, the overdue payment of Yinlong is at least 1.2 billion yuan.

Therefore, the present predicament of Yinlong is caused by the superposition of Dong Mingzhu’s "Great Leap Forward" expansion and the "black hole" left by Wei Yincang, not by a single factor. It is worth mentioning that the operating difficulties faced by Yinlong have affected its IPO process.

Only eight months after China Merchants Securities entered the counseling, the listing of Zhuhai Yinlong came to an abrupt end.

Regarding the latest progress in the internal rectification of Yinlong, Hunting Cloud Network tried to interview the relevant person in charge of Yinlong, but the other party did not respond.

The future is uncertain and there is not much time left for Yinlong.

The measures taken by Yinlong can be seen from the employees.

In the face of the shutdown of the Wu ‘an factory, at the beginning, Yinlong adopted the practice of sending some of its employees to Gree for digestion. To this end, Gree also specially held a "double election meeting" for Yinlong employees, and trained these employees of Yinlong. Some employees are quite satisfied with this.

Yinlong under Dong Mingzhu is now facing a complicated situation.

It is rumored that Yinlong will shift from bus products to passenger car products, which means that a number of new production lines and teams need to be established as soon as possible, and passenger cars need to be developed. Is there room for Yinlong in the already crowded electric passenger car market?

In addition, if developing passenger cars, Yinlong’s lithium titanate battery is absolutely impossible. Yinlong needs to find new battery technology or purchase battery products produced by other enterprises. If Yinlong wants to develop ternary batteries by itself, unless it has a long-term technical reserve, time and market will not allow it.

Or, it is also a good choice to merge with other potential battery companies and save the country by curve. The problem lies in whether there is a good target and whether Yinlong has enough financial support.

For new energy automobile enterprises, these three years are extremely crucial at present, and the rapid decline of subsidy policy will make the whole vehicle and parts enterprises reshuffle.

There is another test. Will the shareholders who have been investing money and can’t harvest continue to support Dong Mingzhu and Yinlong?

There’s really not much time left for Yinlong.

Author | Talk Jun

A word "yyds" can replace all praise, and a word "Juejuezi" can cover all feelings. We are losing the ability of complex expression and the desire to think deeply …

Hello, I’m talk Jun.

"Do you know what’ YYDS’ means?"

"Is the eternal god, who doesn’t know now? How convenient it is to use yyds for everything! "

When our discourse system is simplified to a few abbreviations and network stalks, we lose not only the richness of language, but also the depth and breadth of thinking.

Language is simplified, and thinking is also simplified.

If you carefully observe the current network communication, you will find that simple expressions such as "yyds" (eternal god), "xswl" (laughing me to death) and "Juejuezi" are replacing rich Chinese vocabulary.

A word "yyds" can replace all these words: wonderful, excellent, outstanding and shocking.

This simplification trend is not only reflected in the language, but also penetrated into the thinking mode.

When we use "Juejuezi" to sum up all our feelings, we no longer need to think about "where is this thing good", "why is it good" and "what feelings it brings to me".

The thinking process is compressed into a conditioned reflex.

The popularity of this expression is essentially a manifestation of "inertia of thinking". Young people are increasingly reluctant to engage in complex thinking that requires cognitive resources, and prefer simple, direct and unexplained communication.

Abstract Culture: Gentle Psychic Anesthetic

Abstract culture originated from the network subculture. At first, it was a gentle rebellion of young people against the mainstream cultural order, and the discipline was deconstructed by joking.

But now, it has evolved into a widespread cultural phenomenon.

In 2024, "abstraction" became a buzzword for young people to socialize online. They show the so-called "real and vivid self" through relaxed and funny content and unique and even "wonderful" interpretation perspective.

Different from the traditional criticism of "entertainment to death", some people think that abstract culture provides young people with an "outlet of spiritual resistance" to help them overcome routine, seriousness and even difficulties in life with self-mockery and unexpected humor.

But this "resistance" is actually a kind of abandonment. When we respond to everything with "hahaha" and "laughing to death", we are actually avoiding deep thinking about the nature of things.

Circle illusion: we are all "one of our own"

The most ingenious thing about abstract culture is that it creates an illusion of circle identity.

When you know how to use those network stems and specific expressions, you seem to have joined a secret club. Only those who know these stems can feel the happiness of being understood in the same circle. It becomes a circle identification mechanism.

Those who don’t understand these stalks are naturally excluded from the dialogue.

This layered communication creates the so-called "social code", which breaks the apathy of interpersonal relationship with symbolic interaction and promotes in-depth communication.

But this "deep communication" is actually extremely superficial. When we all use the same words and expressions, we are just repeating mechanically, and we don’t really share our unique thoughts and feelings.

Arithmetic cocoon house

Algorithm of how to kill thinking ability by traffic supremacy

The popularity of this abstract culture is not accidental, but the result of collusion with the content ecology of traffic supremacy.

Algorithm recommendation technology has been deeply integrated into various fields and scenarios. It accurately provides various services by capturing users’ daily usage data and analyzing users’ behaviors, habits and preferences.

But this technology is a "double-edged sword". The algorithm recommends that users’ preferences should be the guide, and a large number of similar content should be pushed continuously, which isolates users in a closed information space and hinders the flow of diverse information.

At the same time, the time spent reading books, newspapers and other traditional books has been greatly reduced, which directly leads to insufficient knowledge reserves and difficulty in expanding vocabulary.

When they need to express complex views and emotions, they often find themselves lacking the ability to organize and have in-depth language.

Network language is concise, vivid and interesting, and expression packs are widely used in social activities. However, long-term dependence on these expression tools will make young people’s communication single and modular, and weaken their ability to accurately express their thoughts and feelings in standardized language.

What are we losing?

When we are immersed in this simple and exciting content, we are losing some valuable abilities.

We have lost the ability to concentrate on deep reading. Fragmented reading requires interesting and concise text content, and videos and pictures are important weapons to attract readers.

Network segments only spread eye-catching superficial and easy-to-understand entertainment content, and rarely provide detailed data and facts.

We have lost the ability to think complex. When we are used to summarizing complex phenomena with simple labels, we no longer need to analyze multiple dimensions of problems and understand the complexity of things.

Most importantly, we have lost the ability to express ourselves truly. When we all use the same network expression, our personality is actually erased.

We thought we were showing ourselves, but in fact we were just repeating the collective discourse.

Neil Pozmann warned in "Entertainment to Death":

"Our politics, religion, news, sports and business are all willing to be vassals of entertainment, without complaint or even silence. As a result, we have become a species of entertainment to death."

Behind the "abstract" carnival is our escape from the complexity of life. When we use "Juejuezi" to sum up all the beauty and "emo" to refer to all the sadness, we lose the ability to experience those subtle and real emotions.

Language is not only a tool for communication, but also a framework for thinking. When we simplify language, we also simplify our thinking and our understanding of this complex world.

When we feel a sense of belonging to the same set of slang, we are actually giving up the truly unique thinking-that is our most precious thing.

What do you think of this? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area to discuss ~

– END –

Original title: "We are using" abstraction "and" stalk "to quietly abolish the brains of young people"

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On November 6th, 2023, Ping An Health and the Center for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (hereinafter referred to as "China Center for Disease Control and Prevention") jointly initiated and compiled the Digital Diabetes Management Research Report, which was officially released. The meeting invited more than 50 experts and industry guests from China CDC Chronic Disease Center, Shanghai CDC Chronic Disease Institute, Shandong CDC Chronic Disease Institute, Ping An Health, Ping An Life Insurance Company of China and other institutions to participate, and jointly showed the frontier exploration results of Ping An Health Digital Diabetes Management to the society, so as to promote the wide application of intelligent and digital medical and health services.

Ping An’s active health innovation method can help patients improve their compliance and blood sugar, which has long-term effects.

At the meeting, Dr. Mao Fan from the Center for Chronic Diseases of China CDC made a theme sharing on the "Research Report on Digital Diabetes Management", the "protagonist" of this conference, entitled "Analysis on the Effect of Diabetes Online Management Based on Ping An Million Chronic Diseases Project". This study analyzed the user data of Ping ‘an chronic disease housekeeper online sugar control training camp. The results showed that the blood sugar compliance rate of users participating in the online sugar control training camp remained at 57.3% after six months of camp closure. According to the detailed data trend analysis of the samples of the subjects, it was found that the fasting blood glucose of the users with abnormal blood glucose at the time of entering the camp decreased from 7.54 2.13 mmol/L at the beginning of the camp to 6.44 1.42 mmol/L at the end of the camp, and further improved to 5.68 2.05 mmol/L at the follow-up of one month. Similar trends were also observed at the follow-up of three and six months.

Conclusion: Combining online management tools with lifestyle medical management mode of enterprise WeChat community sugar control training camp, the active health intervention measures are directly related to the reduction of fasting blood sugar of participants, which has an effective impact on improving the health outcome of the management object, significantly improving the compliance of the management object, and has long-term effects on blood sugar control and improvement. This conclusion further reveals the advantages and potential of digital medical management tools in long-term blood sugar management, and provides an important reference for the prevention and treatment of regional chronic diseases.

Professor Zhou Maigeng from the Center for Chronic Diseases of China CDC affirmed Ping An Health’s breakthrough and innovation in the field of chronic disease management and services, and congratulated the accumulated service users of the "Ping An Chronic Disease Manager" information platform on exceeding 1 million. As the largest real-world digital chronic disease management intervention project in China, this project takes "lifestyle medicine" as the discipline basis and "active health" as the intervention strategy, and designs a series of innovative methods and tools to improve the compliance of patients with chronic diseases and the effect of chronic disease management, providing "online+offline" high-quality services for the majority of patients with chronic diseases.

Ping An Health continues to build a new ecosystem of service, intelligence and specialization in chronic disease management.

Wei Yongjun, senior vice president of Ping An Health, said that Ping An Health closely follows the strategic goal of "Healthy China 2030", constantly thinks about and explores "digital empowerment health management", and creates a unique business model of "managed medical care+family doctor membership +O2O medical health service" to provide users with one-stop medical and health services that are "worry-free, time-saving and money-saving". In this strategic layout, the important role of family doctor is connected in series with a safe and healthy "to the line, to the store and to the home" service network, which can better meet the diversified chronic disease management needs of users and benefit more patients with chronic diseases in the chronic disease management scenario.

In the next step, Ping An Health will continue to exert its cutting-edge technologies such as big data and AI, convey the temperature of science and technology, cooperate with all walks of life in depth, and make more efforts and contributions to the development of chronic disease management.

Amak Chan, director of sales management department of Ping An Life Insurance Company of China headquarters and general manager of Pocket E platform team, said that the birth of "Ping An Million Chronic Diseases Project" is a concrete exploration and practice of building insurance with temperature in Ping An Life Insurance Company of China to meet the needs of customers for chronic diseases management, which has solved the pain points of insurance customers "no scientific methods, lack of experts to answer questions, difficulty in adhering to healthy habits, inability to prevent concurrent risks, and neglect of abnormal indicators". Since the project started in 2021, it has served more than one million customers, with a satisfaction rate of 99%. The attention and academic evaluation of the Center for Chronic Diseases of China CDC on the "Ping An Million Chronic Diseases Project" gave Ping An great confidence. In the future, Ping An Life Insurance Company of China will continue to firmly implement the service path of "insurance+health management" to help customers enjoy a healthy and beautiful life.

In the round table session, Professor Zhou Maigeng from the Center for Chronic Diseases of China CDC, Guo Xiaolei, director of Shandong Institute for Chronic Diseases, Shi Yan, director of Shanghai Institute for Chronic Diseases, and Dong Li, vice president of Ping An Health Family Medicine, discussed the theme of "innovating active health intervention strategies and promoting the construction of lifestyle medicine".

It is worth mentioning that in 2022, Ping An Chronic Disease Manager entered the first batch of typical digital products and services for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the Chronic Disease Center of China CDC, and the Ping An Chronic Disease Manager Information Platform successfully passed the product catalog evaluation of China County Hospital Medical Community in October 2023, which fully demonstrated that Ping An Health’s "innovative active health intervention strategy" has the value of popularization and practice. The research results of the Center for Chronic Diseases of China CDC and Ping An Health’s digital chronic disease management further confirm the breakthrough effect of this innovative intervention strategy of digital application to active health.

1905 movie network news On the evening of November 26th, the movie Long Live was premiered in Beijing. Directors Cheng Gong, Ren Changzhen and the producers of the film appeared one by one. Go player Ke Jie also attended the premiere as a special guest to watch this documentary film. Although the host never let go of the feeling of chatting with Ke Jie and playing chess with artificial intelligence, Ke Jie returned to the movie, saying that after playing chess with artificial intelligence, he felt that life was not easy and long live life.

　

Long live life records the living conditions of more than ten ordinary Chinese in 2017. Among these people, there are female taxi drivers, street singers and couples, and uncles who pedal three rounds in Lhasa. These people who have no intersection constitute the hardships and helplessness that the film wants to tell, but everyone is silently insisting on life.

　

When talking about why he invested in such a film, producer Guo Binggang said: "As a practitioner in the industry, a director once said that in our industry, people are doing it and the sky is watching. The industry is progressing, and practitioners should provide the audience with nutritious works. Long live life is one of them. This film is kind and warm. I believe this film will go well in the future. This film can make some contributions to the industry. "

　

The two directors have worked closely together before, and the title of "Long Live" comes from a TV documentary that they collaborated on 10 years ago. Ren Changzhen, one of the directors, said that this cooperation was planted 10 years ago. She recalled that she was still a TV director who filmed celebrities instead of ordinary people, while Cheng Gong was an advertising director.

　

Recalling the filming process, Cheng Gong said that it was very easy: "It is easy to make a film. It’s very simple for us. It took three months. After 45 days. This movie is over. Very easy. " But to his surprise, the film was well received during roadshows in more than 20 cities.

　

Go player Ke Jie, as a special guest, also took the stage to talk about his feelings. Although he was also "digging a hole" by the host and talked about his experience of playing chess with artificial intelligence, Ke Jie still smiled and said that after playing with AI, he knew that life was not easy, and then said: "After playing chess with AI, I will feel that life is very beautiful, long live life."

　

The movie Long Live will be officially released on November 27th.

　　On March 16th, the State Council Financial Stability and Development Committee held a special meeting to study the current economic situation and capital market issues. Affected by this, A shares immediately rose across the board. As of the close of the day, the Shanghai Composite Index rose 3.48% to 3,170.71 points; Shenzhen Component Index rose 4.02% to 12,000.96 points; The GEM index rose 5.20% to 2,635.08 points.

　　Experts believe that at present, the global political and economic situation is complicated and changeable, unstable and uncertain factors are increasing, and the fluctuation of international financial market is intensifying. The the State Council Financial Committee held a meeting to respond to the hot spots and key issues concerned by the market in time, sending a clear signal of stable economy, stable market and stable growth, showing the bright background of China’s strong economic resilience and sufficient policy space, and effectively stabilizing market expectations.

　　Firmly support the development of the real economy.

　　The meeting called for coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, keeping the economy in a reasonable range and keeping the capital market running smoothly. With regard to macroeconomic operation, we must implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, effectively revive the economy in the first quarter, take the initiative to respond to monetary policy, and maintain moderate growth in new loans.

　　"The meeting released a signal that the central government attaches great importance to stable and healthy economic development, indicating that steady growth is still the current policy focus." Zhou Maohua, a macro researcher in the financial market department of China Everbright Bank, said that the meeting clarified the implementation path of macro policies. Next, the policy force should be appropriately advanced, and the reserve policy tools should be used in time to ensure the smooth operation of the economy.

　　"Monetary policy should seize the time window, be more proactive and aggressive, and timely use various monetary policy tools such as RRR cuts and interest rate cuts to make accurate efforts." Dong Ximiao, chief researcher of Zhaolian Finance, said that at present, the weighted average deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions in China is 8.4%, and there is still room for RRR reduction; The convenient operating interest rate for medium-term lending has remained unchanged for two consecutive months, and it is necessary and possible for policy interest rates and market interest rates to continue to decline. At the same time, it is necessary to further unblock the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, increase positive incentives for financial institutions, and inject liquidity into the real economy more efficiently and accurately.

　　When conveying the spirit of the meeting of the Learning Finance Committee, the People’s Bank of China said that monetary policy should take the initiative to respond, new loans should maintain moderate growth, support small and medium-sized enterprises vigorously, firmly support the development of the real economy, and keep the economy running in a reasonable range.

　　"It is expected that a prudent monetary policy will exert moderate efforts in 2022, promote the moderate expansion of credit, guide financial institutions to increase their support for the real economy, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and technological innovation enterprises, further reduce the financing cost of the real economy, and effectively hedge the downward pressure on the economy." Chen Li, chief economist of Chuancai Securities, said.

　　In the face of the impact of the epidemic, it is urgent to "release water to raise fish", enhance the willingness of enterprises to invest and produce, and stimulate the vitality of market players. This requires active fiscal policies to improve efficiency and help enterprises bail out. Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development of Nankai University, said that on the one hand, it is necessary to implement the annual tax rebate and tax reduction target of about 2.5 trillion yuan as soon as possible, focusing on supporting key industries such as small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households and manufacturing industries, and enhancing the vitality of market players; On the other hand, we should actively expand effective investment, focus on the country’s major strategic deployment and the "14 th Five-Year Plan", moderately advance infrastructure investment, continuously optimize the investment structure, and effectively play the role of steady growth of investment.

　　"While giving full play to their respective advantages, fiscal policy and monetary policy should also strengthen coordination in terms of policy direction, action time and policy intensity to enhance policy effectiveness." Tian Lihui said that policies such as employment, industry and investment should also be coordinated to maintain the forward-looking, timeliness and stability of macro policies and escort China’s economic stability.

　　Keep the capital market running smoothly.

　　Recently, A-shares have undergone a round of substantial adjustment due to the superposition of multiple factors such as the continuous spread of the global epidemic and the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

　　The meeting of the Finance Committee stressed that relevant departments should earnestly shoulder their responsibilities, actively introduce policies that are beneficial to the market, and prudently introduce contractive policies. Any policy that has a significant impact on the capital market should be coordinated with the financial management department in advance to maintain the stability and consistency of policy expectations.

　　"The capital market is closely related to the development of the real economy, to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of ordinary investors, and to financial stability and social stability." Dong Ximiao said that it is very timely and necessary for this meeting of the Finance Committee to explicitly demand the stability of the capital market.

　　Stabilizing the capital market is inseparable from stabilizing market players. Chen Li said that due to the epidemic, China’s real economy is facing many difficulties, and it is necessary to increase support for the real economy, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, support policies need to be more targeted, and financial institutions should thoroughly study the needs of different enterprises, especially the characteristics of financial needs of small and medium-sized enterprises, to ensure that credit funds are smoothly invested in the real economy; On the other hand, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of market resource allocation and fill the shortcomings of the capital market in serving small and medium-sized enterprises and technological innovation enterprises.

　　When conveying the spirit of the meeting of the Learning Finance Committee, the China Securities Regulatory Commission said that the next step would be to push forward the reform of the stock issuance registration system in an all-round way, improve the bond financing support mechanism of private enterprises, and promote the development of venture capital.

　　"Promoting the registration system in an all-round way can effectively alleviate the financing difficulties of enterprises, strongly support the development of innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of China’s industry." Tian Lihui said that it is necessary to continuously improve the construction of the basic system of the capital market, including setting up a market stability fund, optimizing the short-selling trading mechanism, improving the supervision ability and level, and establishing a delisting system that matches the registration system, so as to better serve the full implementation of the registration system.

　　Maintaining the stability of the capital market is a systematic work. "The Finance Committee meeting emphasized that policies that have a significant impact on the capital market should be coordinated with the financial management department in advance. Only in this way can individual rationality be prevented ‘ Fallacy of composition ’ To maintain the stability and consistency of the policy. " Dong Ximiao said that relevant departments should also introduce more targeted policies and measures, provide "real money and silver" to support the healthy development of the capital market, introduce more long-term funds and institutional investors, and enhance the stability of the capital market.

　　Strong economic resilience and sufficient policy space

　　Market participants believe that the meeting of the Finance Committee released a positive signal of stable expectations and steady growth, which further highlighted the background of China’s strong economic resilience and sufficient policy space.

　　"Since the beginning of the year, the downward pressure on China’s economy has increased, overseas epidemics have continued to spread, international geopolitical conflicts have escalated, energy and commodity prices have risen, policies in developed economies have turned, and global financial markets have been turbulent. At the same time, domestic demand is still in the recovery stage, the imbalance of industry recovery is very prominent, and the operation of small and medium-sized enterprises still faces challenges, which have affected market expectations. " Zhou Maohua said.

　　Stabilizing the market must first stabilize expectations. The meeting of the Finance Committee was decisive and effective, which responded well to market concerns, boosted market confidence and stabilized development expectations.

　　"The A-share market has sprung up, and the stock prices of Hong Kong stocks, especially Internet companies in Hong Kong stocks, have risen sharply, sweeping away the gloom of the decline in the past few days and giving a strong boost to market confidence." Yang Delong, chief economist of Qianhai Open Source Fund, said.

　　Chen Li believes that A-shares may continue to be disturbed in the short term due to negative factors such as the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the Fed’s interest rate hike, and the spread of the epidemic. However, in the medium and long term, with the coordinated efforts of fiscal policy and monetary policy, domestic liquidity is guaranteed and economic development has long-term resilience. At the same time, new infrastructure, new energy, high-end manufacturing and other industries will release new growth momentum for China’s economy and help the A-shares to continuously enhance their resilience.

　　"There should be enough confidence in the follow-up performance of the A-share market." Tian Lihui said, first of all, the Chinese government attaches great importance to economic development and has a rich policy toolbox, and will continue to introduce strong support policies in due course. Secondly, China’s A-shares are moving towards high-quality development, and a number of "little giant" enterprises are emerging, and investment opportunities in the capital market are constantly emerging, attracting global investors to increase the allocation of the A-share market. Thirdly, China’s market players, institutions and investors are maturing, and the concept of value investment is gradually taking shape.

　　At present, China’s national economy continues to recover, the main macroeconomic indicators are running in a reasonable range, and the performance of listed companies is stable and good, laying a good foundation for the annual economic performance. Experts said that with the active deployment of the Finance Committee meeting, it is expected that the steady growth policy will continue to exert its strength in the future, escorting China’s stable economy and the healthy and stable development of the capital market.

Text: Fan Chuxue

introduction

In 2021, the property acquisition and merger market continued the lively and extraordinary scene in the past, and it became more and more intense, with the transaction scale and transaction amount hitting record highs. Since the beginning of 2021:

Country Garden Service has successively acquired Blu-ray Garbo Service for 5.432 billion yuan and Fuliang Global for 10 billion yuan to set a new record for industry mergers and acquisitions, and then acquired Color Life Neighborhood Music for 3.3 billion yuan;

Longhu Smart Service is uncharacteristically acquired this year, and has been included in four property enterprises: Yida Service, Kailin Commercial Service, Wharf Property and Happiness.

In addition, a number of material enterprises frequently acquire information, and regional enterprises and growth enterprises also actively join the queue of mergers and acquisitions.

Based on this, we believe that the property industry is experiencing the moment when "growth period" changes to "maturity period" in the "industry development cycle". At this stage, the integration of enterprises is accelerating, the concentration of industries is rising rapidly, and at the same time, the market’s requirements for quality service, brand building and service efficiency are constantly improving.

On the whole, the driving force behind the accelerated integration of the property industry mainly comes from three aspects:

Policy promotion: On January 5, 2021, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other departments jointly issued the Notice on Strengthening and Improving Residential Property Management, which mentioned: improving the quality of property services, supporting the merger and reorganization of property service enterprises, promoting the scale and brand management of property services, and improving the overall service level;

Capital assistance: a large amount of funds flow to the market, which pushes up the enthusiasm for mergers and acquisitions between enterprises;

Real estate liquidity pressure: In order to alleviate the financial pressure, affiliated real estate sells assets to save itself, and promotes the climax of mergers and acquisitions from the supply side.

From the perspective of industry development, the integration and merger between enterprises is the only way to achieve high quality, and will also accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industry to a great extent.

It can be predicted that in the current development environment of the property market, whether based on the consideration of pursuing scale expansion and business expansion, or out of the demand of withdrawing funds from related real estate, "acquisition and merger" will be the main tone of the property industry in the next 2-3 years.

However, it is undeniable that at present, there are still great deficiencies in post-investment management of property enterprises. These enterprises either follow the trend, or try to "eat fat in one bite", blindly pursuing scale growth and ignoring the integration and operation management after the merger, which ultimately not only makes the merger effect unsatisfactory, but also fails to meet the original development expectations of the enterprise, and instead becomes the resistance to the development of the industry.

Color life is a typical example of "throwing and not caring". As the "first share of property", Color Life enjoys the dividend of capitalization development of the industry, and is naturally the "originator" of property acquisition. Since 2013, Color Life has initiated 102 acquisitions and merged into 35 companies in one year at the peak of the acquisition. However, in this process, the color life gradually lost its original intention, regardless of the quality of the target, and the post-investment management was ineffective, which led to the deterioration of the business situation.

In September 2019, Color Life completed the last acquisition;

In 2020, after the acquisition of Color Life was stopped, the revenue regressed for the first time, which was 6.5% lower than that in 2019.

It can be seen that the previous mergers and acquisitions only brought a simple "digital accumulation"; After the "addition" calculation is stopped, the "multiplication" within the color life is completely invalid.

At this time, the color life seems to wake up from a big dream, and it is determined to pick up the goal of building quality again and carry the banner of "second venture". However, the management problem of years of siltation cannot be solved overnight, and the performance of color life in the first half of 2021 shows a retrogression trend again.

Source: Jiahe Jiaye Property Cloud

In September 2021, Color Life disclosed the sale of its Neighbourhood Music Holdings, which included core assets such as Vientiane Beauty Property, Vientiane Beauty Residence and Kaiyuan International, all of which came from the early acquisition of Color Life. It can be seen that Color Life failed to achieve the expected results in these acquisitions, and this swallowing and spitting not only wasted the pre-emptive time advantage of Color Life, but also dampened the vitality of the enterprise and cast a shadow over its development prospects: after nearly one month of suspension, the stock price of Color Life fell sharply by 35.57% on the first day of the resumption on October 27, and the road to "returning blood" as the first share of the property was long.

Therefore, this paper will discuss the following three issues around the post-investment management of property enterprises after merger and acquisition:

Why is post-investment management so important?

What are the problems in the post-investment management of current enterprises?

How to do a good job in post-investment management?

It is hoped that through the analysis of the above problems, property enterprises can pay more attention to post-investment management and help enterprises achieve the expected goals and effects to the greatest extent in mergers and acquisitions.

one

Why do you need post-investment management?

The normal investment process is divided into four parts: "raising, investing, managing and withdrawing", in which "managing" is the longest step, and it belongs to the post-investment management period after the investment is implemented until the project is withdrawn. Usually, the work of post-investment management mainly includes project execution, project tracking, project management, value-added services and so on.

The special feature of property enterprises’ merger and acquisition is that in more than 90% of the transactions, the acquirer will acquire 51% or more of the shares to obtain the controlling stake, and the ultimate goal is to integrate the business and technology of the acquired party into the group system. Few enterprises will choose to withdraw from the project after making profits. Therefore, compared with ordinary investment, material enterprises should pay more attention to the importance of post-investment management in order to better absorb each other’s high-quality resources to empower themselves, improve the efficiency of mergers and acquisitions, and achieve a win-win goal. Specifically, the necessity of post-investment management includes the following three points:

Control project risks and reduce development uncertainty: track enterprise operation and reduce trial and error costs;

Fully integrate the advantages of resources and enhance the long-term value of enterprises: to maximize the strengthening or complementarity of advantages;

Forced to improve pre-investment management and optimize investment logic: provide more targeted suggestions and references to help M&A transactions.

1. Control project risks and reduce development uncertainty.

For the newly merged enterprise, its daily operation, financial management, personnel composition and other aspects have a process of adjustment, so it is necessary for the acquirer to implement risk control after the investment is completed, track the changes in the internal and external environment of the enterprise, and provide timely guidance to reduce the potential trial and error costs.

Operational risk: there are differences in work processes between the two parties, which are not adjusted in time or lead to low efficiency in daily operation; The business of the acquired party can not be quickly integrated into the original business system, so that it can not produce synergistic effect; Or the acquired enterprise is easy to face the risk of selling after undergoing great changes.

Financial risk: whether the acquirer can effectively control the financial affairs of the acquired party; In order to increase the consideration of M&A, the acquired party does not disclose the hidden debt, which may have a serious negative impact on the subsequent development of the enterprise, and even create a great risk of goodwill impairment in future operations. Therefore, the acquirer needs to focus on the liabilities of the other party.

Risk of organizational structure change: streamlining or adjusting the core personnel of the acquired party may affect the stability of the team, and the loss of core personnel will greatly weaken the competitiveness of the enterprise; After the change of senior staff, there will inevitably be problems of inconsistency between the old and new management concepts, management rights and objectives, which will lead to management confusion and low decision-making efficiency.

2. Fully integrate resource advantages to enhance the long-term value of enterprises.

As mentioned above, property companies want to empower their own development more when acquiring and merging, and whether the long-term value of enterprises is improved is an important criterion for the success of mergers and acquisitions. Only by efficiently integrating the superior resources of both parties and maximizing the reinforcement or complementarity of advantages can it be called effective merger and acquisition; This can also be seen in some acquisition cases of listed companies:

Country Garden Service: In July, 2020, Country Garden Service acquired the elevator advertising operator City Zongheng. After fully integrating resources and stimulating the synergy effect by the team, the operational efficiency of the enterprise in the field of community media was greatly improved, and a community integrated marketing plan was created for several brands. In 2020, Country Garden’s revenue from community media services increased by more than 200%; In the first half of 2021, the revenue of this business rose by over 500% year-on-year, making it one of the most bright businesses in the community value-added service sector.

Sunac Service: In May 2020, Sunac Service completed the acquisition of Kaiyuan Property. At that time, the average PE of listed property companies comparable to Sunac Service was in the range of 30x~40x; On November 19, 2020, Sunac Services officially landed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and closed at 85 times P/E ratio on the day of listing, ranking first in the property sector that day. From this aspect, it can be seen that Sunac Service has achieved the common promotion of enterprise value through good integration and coordinated development with the acquired party.

3. Forced to improve pre-investment management and optimize investment logic.

Pre-investment management and post-investment management complement each other, and the pre-investment department needs continuous tracking and analysis by the post-investment team to complete the investment work; In the process of management, the post-investment team can find the flaws in the pre-plan more intuitively, and feedback from the cause. In this way, through feedback and adjustment, the investment logic and investment calculation model of enterprises are continuously optimized, which is convenient for enterprises to provide more targeted suggestions and references for the next investment layout, and is also helpful for the development of future mergers and acquisitions.

As can be seen from the acquisition announcements of some enterprises, in addition to setting requirements on fundamentals such as finance and performance, enterprises will also attach a number of provisions on personnel appointment, asset disposal, equity incentive plan and so on. To some extent, enterprises constantly optimize the setting of investment agreements according to the post-investment feedback of early transactions, so as to protect the long-term interests of both parties to the greatest extent.

Table: Conditions for Announcement of Acquisition of Some Enterprises

Source: Jiahe family business arrangement

two

What are the problems in the post-investment management of enterprises at present?

The importance of post-investment management has been expounded in the previous article. However, looking at the enterprises that are active in the M&A market at present, there are very few enterprises that can really implement post-investment management. More importantly, their own funds are wasted or development opportunities are missed due to their inability to properly digest the M&A targets, and even the original progress of enterprises is dragged down.

Especially in 2021, the M&A market showed many "big fish eat big fish" or even "small fish eat big fish" transactions, such as purchasing more than 80 million square meters of Cedar Zhilian in Hejing Youhuo with a management area of only over 20 million square meters, and using over 50% IPO to raise funds; Country Garden Services acquired the Blu-ray Garbo service, involving an area of 130 million square meters, and the transaction amount of acquiring Fuliang Global reached 10 billion.

It is these increasingly large-scale mergers and acquisitions that put forward more demands for post-investment management. On the whole, the weak points of current post-investment management of enterprises focus on strategic positioning, brand building, organizational structure adjustment and cultural differences.

1. For the sake of expansion, the strategic goal is not clear.

At present, the industry is still in the development stage of "the bigger the scale, the higher the status", and expanding the scale is a necessary means for enterprises to enhance their influence. However, due to the unclear strategy and unclear objectives, some enterprises have fallen into the "scale-only theory" under the influence of industry trends, and only pay attention to the superficial digital growth after the merger, ignoring the long-term positioning of the merged party and the overall development of the enterprise.

Taking Color Life as an example, among the 102 M&A transactions initiated by it, the target enterprises are distributed in 23 provinces and cities, and the project density is extremely low. Property enterprises all hope to achieve economies of scale, and enhancing the project density is a necessary condition. Therefore, the unplanned "scattered" acquisition of Color Life will not only fail to form a scale, but will increase management costs.

Source: Jiahe Jiaye Property Cloud

2. The management of the acquired party is in a dilemma.

According to the statistics of Jiahe family business, at present, more than 80% property companies will choose to streamline or adjust the senior staff of the acquired party when implementing mergers and acquisitions. "Dramatic" management innovation may lead to team instability, but also easily lead to brain drain; Reflected in the business, it may cause the goal and strategy of the enterprise to be discontinuous and affect the operation of the enterprise.

Some enterprises choose to keep the core staff of the original management after considering the factors such as operational stability and team mood after the merger of the target, but there may be differences in business philosophy or management methods between the personnel stationed by the acquirer and the original management of the acquired party, resulting in low decision-making efficiency; Even being jointly overhead by the other party is not conducive to the long-term development of enterprises.

3. Corporate culture differences are hard to eliminate, lacking deep driving force.

Property is a labor-intensive industry with a large number of employees, and the importance and differences of corporate culture are more prominent. For two enterprises with different development history and cultural atmosphere, the understanding of things and the ways and methods to deal with problems are different, so it is difficult for enterprises to form a unified internal driving force, and the sense of identity and belonging of employees will be significantly reduced.

Take regional physical enterprises as an example. The scale and team of these enterprises are usually relatively small, so the structure is more flat, and the communication and implementation of processes rely more on years of tacit understanding and habits. Therefore, when they have to abandon the original working mode and integrate into the perfect organizational structure of large enterprises, they may show very strong inadaptability or even rejection, and their work enthusiasm and self-motivation may be greatly reduced.

4. Neglect of brand building, brand synergy is weak.

In the era of high homogeneity in the property industry, brand has risen to the core competitiveness of enterprises. Brand not only represents the strategic direction of enterprise’s future development, but also is the comprehensive expression of enterprise image and enterprise spirit. Therefore, a good brand building can build a clear strategic pillar for the enterprise, and can establish a unique value outside the enterprise, so as to enhance the visibility of the enterprise and drive the business with the brand.

However, in the 40-year development process of the property industry, it was not until 2019 that enterprises began to pay attention to their own brand building. Up to now, the overall brand building is still in the primary stage, and only some head enterprises are in the transitional stage, not to mention incorporating the business and positioning of newly merged enterprises into the brand connotation during the acquisition and merger stage to form brand synergy. For listed property enterprises, the goodwill has surged after the merger, and it is easy to face the risk of goodwill impairment and even the risk of performance storm in the later stage of poor management.

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How to do a good job in post-investment management?

In view of the problems existing in the post-investment management of material enterprises at present, through combing the post-investment management methods of many enterprises, Jiahe Jiaye puts forward the following four suggestions:

Clear strategic objectives, precise positioning and precise force.

Create service quality and focus on the long-term development of enterprises

Attach importance to the management of core personnel and ensure the continuity of enterprise operation

Promote team communication, empower business vitality.

1. Clear strategic objectives, accurate positioning force.

For some enterprises, there are some problems in post-merger management, such as lack of planning for future business blueprint and clarity of team goals. Enterprises should make clear their own strategic direction, formulate clear development paths before merger and acquisition transactions, and provide clear goals and guidance for post-investment consolidation. At present, the head enterprises are more mature in this respect, such as Country Garden Services focusing on the acquisition of commercial operation-related enterprises, and Ya Life acquiring a number of urban service-related enterprises.

Shimao Service: In April 2020, Shimao Service officially entered the university property by acquiring Zhejiang University Xinyu. In May, Zhejiang University’s Xinyu Huanxin brand image was released, and at the same time, the industry’s first "Yulin Campus Service Ecology" developed for campus logistics services was released. Since then, Shimao Service and Zhejiang University’s Xinyu have opened a new era of campus service. In the first half of 2021, Shimao’s campus value-added service revenue was 222 million yuan, making it one of the enterprises in the industry to provide college property services.

Ya Life: In February 2020, Ya Life acquired Zhongmin Property, which has a leading position in public construction, and thus entered the role of "city service provider". In 2021, Ya Life successively acquired five sanitation enterprises, and won the bid for the first maritime sanitation project and several municipal sanitation projects with an annualized contract amount exceeding 10 million, extending the city service industry chain to professional market segments.

2. Create service quality and focus on the long-term development of enterprises.

Post-investment management methods cannot be generalized, and material enterprises should "apply laws according to their materials" according to the actual situation of both parties. According to different target enterprises, different integration or management methods should be adopted in the post-investment stage; At the same time, it uses its own operating system to track and guide the acquired party in detail.

However, fundamentally speaking, the essence of property is an enterprise that provides services, and its development will ultimately fall on the quality of service. Furthermore, the current market has gradually changed from simply focusing on performance to comprehensively considering the service content, service quality and market reputation of enterprises. Therefore, enterprises should put an end to "regardless of collection", strictly control the service quality of each project, build a service team in a refined way, and ensure the consistency of service quality and professionalism, for example, by building benchmark projects and then copying and promoting them to promote the long-term sustainable development of enterprises.

3. Pay attention to the management of core personnel and ensure the continuity of business operations.

Top management is the central figure of a company’s decision-making, and it is also one of the core competitiveness of the company. Therefore, enterprises should avoid large-scale changes in core personnel and organizational structure reform in a short period of time to ensure the continuity of their daily operations and decision-making.

In addition, the enterprise can regularly organize the core personnel of the team to exchange and train; At the same time, the incentive mechanism is introduced in the acquired party, and the business responsibility and performance reward are clearly defined, so as to bind common interests and enhance employee motivation.

Country Garden Service: Country Garden Service disclosed in the announcement that if the compound annual growth rate of non-net profit deducted by Manguo Kangjie reaches the set conditions, its core management team can get corresponding cash or share rewards.

Photo: The core employee incentive plan announced by Country Garden Service’s acquisition of Manguo Kangjie

Image source: Country Garden Service Announcement

Hejing Youhuo: After the acquisition, Hejing Youhuo combed and empowered talents in time, conducted a good two-way communication mechanism with the other party, regularly participated in its management meetings, set up a profit sharing mechanism, and encouraged employees and management to work together to achieve the goal of deeply binding the interests of management and team.

4. Promote team communication and enhance business vitality.

M&A pursues 1+1>2, but it is not a simple 1+1. Property companies need to realize that the most important thing in the reorganization of different teams is cultural exchange and integration, so as to unify ideas with culture and promote integration with culture. Enterprises can help new members to deeply understand the strategy and culture of enterprises by preaching the strategy and corporate values; Or organize activities to promote members’ exchanges, promote mutual trust and integration, and finally realize the improvement of business vitality.

Taking Hejing Youhuo as an example, after the acquisition, we actively promoted the integration of new members and the group through the rooting of corporate culture. Hejing Youhuo guides employees with "six-dimensional values", and strengthens personnel training through at least monthly communication and business mining linkage and cooperation to ensure the stability of the team and the vitality of the business.

For example, Hejing Youhuo acquired Guangzhou Runtong Property, enhanced the sense of belonging and identity through empowerment and training, and realized the deep integration of the employees of the invested enterprises within the Hejing system. At the same time, it controlled and stimulated the member enterprises based on the large platform. In the first half of 2021, there were more than 20 new expansion projects of Runtong Property.

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Is 1+1>2 or 1+1 finally achieved by M&A?<1，投后管理是关键。由于忽视或缺乏良好的投后管理，行业中曾出现过许多并购失败的典型案例，这些企业往往出现并购后管理混乱、丢盘、业绩增长乏力的情况，最终以再出售项目草草收场。

However, the upsurge of M&A will never stop because of this. At this critical period when the concentration of the industry jumps, enterprises need to think more about how to do a good job in post-investment management, so as to fully enjoy the efficient and accelerated scale economic development of enterprises brought about by M&A.

This article was first published on WeChat WeChat official account: Jiahe Family Property Service Research Institute. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.