Whether it’s a comprehensive detoxification treatment or just a good comfort and indulgence, there is never a lack of excellent spa choices in the world.

In the past year, hundreds of healthy and green spas opened around the world, which may indicate that spas have changed from pure luxury to an essential part of travel.

From the sunny Mediterranean coast of Sicily to the high-end spas in the Caribbean, CNN has selected ten new spas that they think are the best in the world based on service, treatment, facilities and environment.

This article is compiled with a few abridgements. Source: CNN

Rocco Forte Spa, Verdura Resort (Sicily, Italy)

This 43,000-square-foot spa located on the southwest coast of Sicily is different from other spas in Italy.

First of all, it has its own private coastline, and it can take a panoramic view of the Mediterranean from every angle.

Not surprisingly, seawater bath therapy is used here, using seawater and marine elements as elements of medicine and treatment.

There is a complete system of seawater bath therapy, with four outdoor swimming pools providing different degrees of salt and heat.

Such as seaweed body scrub ($130), which uses locally produced marine elements such as kelp, sea salt and microalgae to purify the body and detoxify.

In addition to sea bath therapy, there is also a sauna, a 65-foot swimming pool and a juice bar, which provides organic and antioxidant-rich juice all day.

Address:Verdura Resort | Strada Statale 115, KM 131 Contrada Verdura, 92019 Sciacca, Sicily, Italy.

The Ritz-Carlton Spa in Bali (Bali, Indonesia)

Only six months after its opening, the spa in the Ritz-Carlton in Bali has proved as impressive as the hotel.

The spa, made of rain wood and smooth marble, has an advanced spa massage pool with five different areas, which can massage different parts of the body.

There are also two massage pools, cold pools, steam and sauna rooms, and a yoga studio overlooking the Indian Ocean.

In addition to fourteen independent clinics, there are four private hot spring villas, and the SPA is also equipped with its own Balinese swimming pool and open-air lounge.

The course of treatment is a mixture of ancient Balinese techniques and modern technology, and local raw materials such as coconut, seaweed and pearls are mixed into it. It is said that these raw materials have nutritional and antioxidant effects.

Address:The Ritz-Carlton, Bali | Jalan Raya Nusa Dua Lot #3 Banjar Sawangan, Nusa Dua 80363 Indonesia

The SPA, which opened at the end of last year, is located on the sixth and seventh floors of Le Meridien Gaulle, covering an area of 11,000 square feet. It is the largest spa in the city.

There is an indoor swimming pool with hydrotherapy massage and waterfall, Turkish bath, ice room and even a salt room, which is made of sea salt imported from Himalaya (it is said to promote better breathing).

But what attracts guests is the high-tech treatment here: the use of the cutting-edge Japanese formula Skingenecell 1P, which is said to be the most advanced element that can repel skin damage and aging.

Do you want to keep a low profile afterwards?

Try the Zen bath ceremony in the hot spring ($285). Two hours of soaking in rich minerals is definitely a perfect experience.

Address:Excelsior Hotel Gallia, a Luxury Collection Hotel | 9 Piazza Duca d’Aosta, 20124 Milan Italy

Thai House, Zemi Beach House Resort and Spa (Shoal Bay, Anguilla)

This is not a spa with a thatched roof that you usually see. Located on Shoal Bay, the newly opened Thai House is an all-round health center.

Here you can find the only hamam, meditation garden, mud deck, yoga studio, spa shower, vitality pool adjusted according to guests’ body temperature, and even a juice bar.

The physiotherapy room is built in a Thai house with a history of 300 years (hence the name), with a private lounge and a view of the sea or garden.

Most of the treatment uses local herbs, flowers, soil and sea salt as materials.

Address:Zemi Beach House, Resort & Spa | Shoal Bay Village Anguilla

Baglioni SPA, Baglioni Hotel London (London, UK)

Located in the bustling area opposite Kensington Park in London, this fashionable new spa is like a hidden oasis in the downtown area, with only five physiotherapy rooms and 14 treatment sessions. It can be seen that this comfortable spa focuses on quality rather than quantity.

The treatments here are extremely luxurious, ranging from a 24-carat gold mask to promote blood circulation ($200), to a diamond facial injection to reduce pigmentation and brighten skin tone ($180), and even a rare facial treatment for men ($120), with green tea and mushroom extracts to detoxify and shrink pores.

Address:Spa at the Baglioni Hotel | 60 Hyde Park Gate, London SW7 5BB England

Spa at Bernardus Lodge (Carmel Valley, California, USA)

The view from Bernardus Lodge’s new spa is worth the ticket price.

Located in the center of Monterey wine district, the spa is surrounded by 28 acres of sunny vineyards, orchards and oak forests.

It has all the advantages of a five-star spa: a huge swimming pool, an outdoor jacuzzi, a eucalyptus steam room, a shower using Vichy mineral water, a dry steam room and an advanced 24-hour fitness center.

But what really makes this spa stand out is its concept of "from garden to treatment", picking materials from its own organic garden for treatment.

From face to pedicure, it is full of lavender, mint, rosemary and Chardonnay grapes collected from vineyards.

Guests can even soak in the Chardonnay bubble bath.

Address:Bernardus Lodge & Spa | 415 West Carmel Valley Road, Carmel Valley, CA 93924

Opened in September last year, this two-story space is more like a comprehensive health center than a hotel spa.

Two outdoor massage baths, an 80-foot-long swimming pool (almost the size of the Olympic Games), several heat treatment areas and a 1,300-square-foot gym, which is the largest spa in Ho Chi Minh City.

Like the hotel, this spa is exceptionally gorgeous, completely covered with carrara marble, hand-inlaid mosaics and gold.

The treatment is also luxurious, ranging from mother-of-pearl body scrub ($90) to top-class couples treatment including red wine body dressing and candlelight massage, with champagne and caviar snacks ($820).

Address:The Reverie Saigon | 22-36 Nguyen Hue Boulevard, District 1 57-69f Dong Khoi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Bohemia Spa, Four Seasons Hotel Prague (Prague, Czech Republic)

The city’s newest spa boasts unparalleled views of vltava river, Charles Bridge and Prague Castle.

In addition to its location, the spa itself is also amazing. It is located in a neoclassical building with a mineral-rich hot bath and an oxygen-enhanced vitality pool that is said to have healing effect.

The course of treatment is inspired by traditional Czech and Hungarian methods, using local materials such as linden oil.

Although it won’t be officially opened until this summer, you can try the treatment at the hotel’s existing spa.

Address:Four Seasons Hotel Spa | Veleslavinova 2A, Prague

Qingchengshan Liushan Hotel Spa Center (China, Sichuan)

Located at the picturesque foot of Qingcheng Mountain, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, this brand-new spa located between hills and valleys is as quiet as the treatment provided.

There are no high-tech courses here, but acupuncture, cupping and scraping.

Body dressing and scrub use simple but effective local ingredients, such as ginkgo, lotus seeds, ginger and bamboo.

Address:Qingchengshan Liushan | No.2 Neusoft Avenue, Qingchengshan Town, Dujiangyan, China.

Thermes Marins, Hotel Hermitage Monte-Carlo (Monaco)

The Ocean Hot Spring Center, which was renovated and opened last year at a cost of millions of dollars, may be just what you expected to see in Monaco-a bird’s eye view of Monte Carlo Pier, with its own hot bathroom, salty pool facing the ocean, the leading gym in China and a full-service beauty salon.

This is also the only spa in Europe that uses cryotherapy, with two freezing rooms at MINUS 60 degrees Celsius and MINUS 110 degrees Celsius. Cryotherapy is said to stimulate the immune system, treat inflammation and resist aging.

The spa even has an organic restaurant, L’Hirondelle, which only serves seasonal dishes with less than 500 calories.

Address:Thermos marins Monte-Carlo | 2 Avenue de Monte-Carlo, Monte Carlo, Monaco

　　It has been half a month since the normalization of nucleic acid screening in various places. As the weather turns hot, the work of nucleic acid sampling and sample transportation becomes more difficult. Experts said that although the working environment is even worse, especially for some outdoor sampling points, the sample collection, storage and transshipment work should still be carried out in accordance with the specifications and should not be slack.

　　Battery car transfer sample

　　June 15th is the first hot day since Shanghai entered Mei, with the temperature climbing to 36 degrees and the outdoor ground temperature even higher. The first financial reporter saw in an open-air nucleic acid detection point in Shanghai that the temporary tent could not stop the scorching sun, and the sampling personnel wore protective clothing, and their faces were sweating, while there were no electric fans or cooled ice cubes outdoors. Also exposed to the scorching sun are tubes of nucleic acid reagent samples being collected.

　　The sampling time at this sampling point is from 1: 00 to 4: 00 in the afternoon. After the sampling stopped at 4: 00, the staff put the last batch of samples into a suitcase-sized small refrigerator, which was close to 4: 30. A courier arrived at the testing point by car battery car, ready to take them away.

　　I saw that the picker opened the refrigerator and hastily stuffed nearly 20 tubes of nucleic acid reagents in sealed bags into black shoulder bags, while the battery car was filled with yellow medical waste bags collected from multiple inspection points.

　　Now he will carry the samples and medical wastes to a nearby "transfer station", and then these uniformly collected samples will be transferred to the designated testing laboratory by special vehicles. He claimed that this was the sixth time he had transshipped samples today, three times in the morning and three times in the afternoon, thus ending the six-hour working day agreed in the contract.

　　According to the transshipman, the point where he collects samples every day is not completely fixed, and sometimes an extra sampling point is added temporarily, which leads to the delay of his arrival at the next point, so the actual working time is more than 6 hours.

　　A sampler of normalized nucleic acid kiosks told the First Financial Reporter that in principle, a batch of samples will be transported away every hour, but in practice, the time is not so fixed, mainly depending on whether there are enough people to transport them. Their main tool is a battery car, which transports the reagents collected from several nearby testing points to the assembly point and then sends them to the testing laboratory by special car.

　　However, for the above process, an infectious disease expert with rich field sampling experience said that this sample processing method is worrying, and the sample storage and transshipment are very inconsistent with the basic norms.

　　"We who do infectious diseases know that the most important thing is that all operations must be carried out in strict accordance with norms and standards. The storage temperature and transfer time of nucleic acid samples have strict standardized processes, which is definitely not convenient." The above experts told the First Financial Reporter.

　　The guide has clearly stipulated.

　　The Implementation Guide for COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing Organization (Second Edition) clearly stipulates the preservation and transportation of samples, which should be kept at low temperature (2-8 degrees Celsius). In principle, samples should be collected every 2 hours for transportation, and the samples should be delivered to the laboratory 4 hours after collection.

　　On the basis of the above guidelines, Shanghai has further put forward "126" requirements for nucleic acid testing institutions, that is, collecting and transporting a batch of samples every hour, transporting the samples to the testing institutions in 2 hours by vehicles, and completing the testing in the laboratory within 6 hours. In terms of sample transfer, the time requirement is reduced by half compared with the guideline, but in fact, it is very difficult to achieve such a goal. If the sample is not transferred in time, it will not only affect the quality of the sample, but also affect the waiting time for detection.

　　In this regard, the above-mentioned infectious disease experts told the First Financial Reporter: "Since there are norms, it should be strictly implemented in accordance with the norms. For example, it is stipulated that samples should be shipped every hour or two, and someone should come to pick them up when they arrive, instead of seeing that there are enough people to pick them up. If not, just wait."

　　The expert also warned that as the weather gets hotter, if the nucleic acid reagent cannot be stored at low temperature in time during transportation, or exposed to the sun for a long time, it will increase the risk of inaccurate nucleic acid test results.

　　He told the First Financial Reporter: "You should know that ribonuclease is ubiquitous. It exists in the air and anywhere. When you open the lid of the nucleic acid test tube, it may enter the test tube. At the temperature above 37 degrees, Rnase will easily degrade RNA, and the whole process only takes 10-15 minutes. If there is a very low virus load in the test tube, it will be diluted after ten mixes.

　　According to the observation of the first financial reporter at some nucleic acid detection points, in some mixed-tube tests, the actions that do not meet the operating standards include picking a person without screwing on the cover, which also increases the risk of exposing the sample to the air.

　　The above experts added that although adding some components, such as diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), to the reagent can help to inhibit Rnase, these components will increase the cost of the reagent, and standard nucleic acid reagents are generally not added. "The easiest way is to keep it at low temperature and transport it in time. Even using ice cubes to cool down is helpful. Ice cubes have no cost and can be reused." He told the first financial reporter.

　　He also stressed that the basic operation in transferring samples is to put the samples into two-layer sealed packages and avoid the test tubes from tipping, so as to prevent the reagent from leaking and polluting other samples because the cover is not tightened.

　　Professor Lu Hongzhou, president of Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, told the First Financial Reporter: "The best way to solve this problem is to collect samples regularly."

　　Professor Shen Hanming, an expert in cell biology at the University of Macau, told CBN: "In theory, there is a protective solution in nucleic acid reagents, and some components can inhibit RNA degradation to a certain extent, but even so, in principle, reagents should not be stored at room temperature and high temperature for a long time."

　　In order to activate the new kinetic energy of high-quality development of township economy, and further consolidate the effective connection between the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, Nankang District of Ganzhou City takes "a prosperous town for the people" as the goal, takes economic development as the main line, takes the development of private economy as the starting point, and focuses on key tasks such as enterprise cultivation, industrial transformation and upgrading, and financial system reform, so as to give full play to the positive role of fiscal policy, fully improve the level of township economic development, and promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of township economy.

　　First, focus on supporting and promoting the first industry.Focusing on the first industry of modern home furnishing, we will improve quality and efficiency, play a positive role in fiscal policy, better guide all towns (streets) to adhere to standards guidance and innovation drive, manage and operate furniture gathering areas, actively promote the overall improvement of environmental protection, fire protection and safety production in the region, and further promote the transformation and upgrading of the first industry of home furnishing.

　　The second is to vigorously cultivate and expand market players.Support each township (street) to cultivate new leisure agriculture such as industrial enterprises above designated size and farmhouse music based on local characteristics. Strengthen departmental cooperation, increase policy propaganda, optimize the approval process, actively guide foreign business workers to return home to start businesses, and continuously enhance the new kinetic energy of town economic development.

　　The third is to deepen the pilot reform of the township financial system.Implement the relevant arrangements for the reform of the financial system below the provincial level, in accordance with the principle of "checking revenue and expenditure, striving for self-balance, and encouraging development", and on the basis of scientifically delineating the base of township financial revenue and expenditure, further clarify the scope and sharing ratio of district and township income, standardize the sharing of surplus income, give full play to the financial enthusiasm of district and township levels, and strengthen the guarantee ability of financial assistance to township economic development.

　　In addition, policies and measures should be refined in promoting new urbanization, and performance appraisal should be increased to ensure the sustained and healthy development of township economy.

People’s Daily Online WeChat WeChat official account reported on May 13 that "a group of 700 or 800 writers once used up the one-day limit of ten accounts and failed to pay the monthly salary."

Yang Le first came into contact with ghostwriting of papers in his senior year: those who seek ghostwriting are called "clients", those who write contemporary pens are called "writers’ teachers", those who pull business are called "customer service", and those who convey writing requirements are called "supervisors" … An order writer can earn several hundred to several thousand yuan, and the intermediary can double the profit from it, so the quality of papers will follow, and it is common for "clients" to be blacked out after paying money.

After three years in the business, Yang Le found that there is a complete "industrial chain" behind every paper transaction.

Tomorrow’s defense, the "store" is empty.

"I will reply tomorrow. How can I answer such a paper?"

Yi Qi, who graduated from junior college this year, found a graduation thesis writing service through Taobao. As a result, the structure of the thesis obtained was chaotic, and the duplicate checking rate was much higher than the defense requirements. Yi Qi asked for revision, but "customer service" blacked him out.

"Only a few days away from the defense, the paper hasn’t landed yet, and I thought of looking for a ghostwriter. There are many ghostwriting advertisements on the Internet. "

On April 13th, Yi Qi searched for "writing papers" in Taobao, and the page showed no relevant results. He also searched for "writing articles" and found a shop called "985 Shuobo Wenbi".

"Can you write a paper?" Yiqi left a message for the store.

The other party replied: "Entity company, go online, 100 writers, special person … If necessary, add WeChat or QQ."

Yiqi added the WeChat provided by the store, and the other party claimed to be the company’s customer service, and would put forward pricing according to Yiqi’s requirements on the number of words in the paper and the duplicate checking rate.

"Why not communicate on Taobao?" Yi Qi said that if you don’t trade in Taobao, you can’t believe it easily.

The customer service said, "I think you may not know the rules. We do this professionally, not to say that we are not trading in Taobao, but it is more convenient to contact WeChat. "

Then Yi Qi received a screenshot with more than a dozen WeChat groups related to the paper.

Yi Qi was skeptical and put forward the demand: a specialized paper of 10,000 words, with a repetition rate below 30%, and a first draft on the 15th.

"800 yuan, 15th to the first draft, package, add money to help do the defense PPT. Taobao transaction needs to be paid in one lump sum, and WeChat transfer can pay 400 deposit first, and then pay the final payment after the paper arrives. " The customer service gave the price.

Considering the risk of "running away from the money" and possibly modifying it, Yiqi chose to pay the deposit by WeChat.

After paying the money, the customer service pulled a group, including a "supervisor" and a "writer teacher". "The customer service is responsible for receiving and collecting money, the supervisor is responsible for coordinating customers and writers, and writers write and modify papers as required." According to Yi Qi’s memory, the other party has a clear division of labor.

On April 15th, Yi Qi received the first draft of the paper after paying the final payment. After the click, "the whole person is not good": "None of the requirements put forward have been met. The structure and typesetting of the article are in a mess, and the repetition rate is 40% to 50%. It is simply copied and pieced together, and it is impossible to read it. "

Yi Qi immediately raised a question in the group, and the writer said that it could be revised. "The check rate is so high, how to change it?" Yiqi found the previous customer service theory and asked for a refund, which was blacked out by the other party. The "supervisor" said in the group: "If you make trouble again, the manuscript will quit."

On the 17th, Yi Qi received the revised version, but it was still "a long story", so she had to change it herself. On the 18th, she took part in the defense.

Yiqi found Taobao customer service complaint and found that the store was gone. The customer service replied that the store was gone and could not complain. He remembers that during the communication, he asked the customer service for the link of their store through WeChat. The other party sent another store at that time, not the one that Yiqi first consulted.

"It’s the same group, but there are several Taobao shops and customer service WeChat. In this way, my first Taobao consultation record can’t be used to complain about another one. " Yi Qi suspects that the other party evades complaints and reports in this way.

"The paper still needs to be written by yourself." On April 18th, Yi Qi failed in the first defense. "Later, I did it myself, and the second defense passed."

From part-time job to full-time job

"International Economy and Trade, self-made topic, 8,000 words, 320 yuan." One day in April, a QQ group message popped up in Yang Le’s mobile phone.

In the paper writing group "Geili Group", Yang Le used to be a well-known "writer teacher". Even if he didn’t take orders for more than a year, the administrator occasionally asked him privately if he would take the job.

"The first time I came into contact with writing papers was in my senior year. Some people sent papers to write part-time jobs in the student group." Yang Le contacted the advertiser and was drawn into the group of writing papers.

"People who have a’ studio’ in the group are actually intermediaries. They will give notes to each writer about the writing direction they are good at, and then send the requirements and prices of the order to the group. The writer contacts the intermediary to take orders according to his own situation. "

Yang Le recalled that ghostwriting content generally includes course assignments, "small bills" for small papers and "big bills" for graduation papers, and the price depends on the number of words and the difficulty of operation. Take graduation thesis as an example. Generally, the fees paid to writers are 35-60 yuan/thousand words for undergraduate students, 150-200 yuan/thousand words for master students and 350 yuan/thousand words for doctor students. Orders for English and minority languages are more expensive.

"Generally, April to June and September to December are the peak seasons." Yang Le told reporters, "Near graduation and the end of the semester, the powerful writers in the group can earn tens of thousands of dollars a month."

During the period when Yang Le worked part-time as a ghostwriter, he could earn several thousand yuan a month. What impressed him the most was that "Geili Group" announced that the salary payment of some writers in that month might be delayed, because the one-day transfer quota of ten accounts was used up that day, and the salary had not been paid.

"If this is the case, the number of orders received in the month can be imagined."

As for the quality of papers, Yang Le said that most of the papers written by others are patchwork. "I know a writer. Once a client was dissatisfied with the first draft and asked him to revise it. He directly took the money and blacked it out. There are quite a few people who do this. Many writers have a limited level, and the intermediary will basically not verify the true and false academic qualifications. " He recalled that his degree in "Geili Group" was a master’s degree in returnees, but it was actually a domestic undergraduate degree.

Thesis ghostwriting is a part-time job for Yang Le, and some people have developed it into a full-time job.

"I have a classmate who took orders in the group at first, and later I met more customers and took orders directly.

Yang Le heard that the classmate didn’t find another job after graduation, and copied the model of "geili group" according to the gourd painting gourd ladle: he found three or four people as customer service, opened a shop on Taobao to take orders, and recruited writers among various student groups.

Intermediaries reap the benefits of fishermen.

"The biggest hidden rule in this line is that the intermediary presses the manuscript fee and takes advantage of the fisherman."

A client once told Yang Le that 320 yuan was paid to write a paper for him, and after that order was completed, the intermediary gave it to 160 yuan, Yang Le. "The price paid by the customer to the intermediary is generally 1.5 to 2 times that of the writer."

Under normal circumstances, the writer can’t contact the customer directly, and the requirements and amendments of the paper must be conveyed through the intermediary.

"This is to avoid private transactions between writers and customers." Yang Le introduced that if a writer violates the rules, the intermediary will publicize the illegal contents and punishment measures in the group, generally withholding the salary of the month, and immediately stop cooperation if it is serious.

The screenshot of the announcement of "Geili Group" provided by Yang Le shows: "Now a malicious writer is notified: QQ number # #, who left without modifying the customer after grabbing a large number of orders last year. This year, he changed his number and joined the group to repeat his old tricks. The despicable behavior disrupted the writer market and forwarded this information to major writing groups to avoid being deceived again."

In addition to avoiding private transactions of writers and maximizing the price difference, ensuring the number of writers is also one of the important conditions for intermediary profit.

Yang Le recalled that at most, he added more than a dozen papers to write for him, and the "Geili Group" was the only one left at present. The main reason is that this group is large in scale and has many orders.

"The number of writers in the group is generally kept at around seven or eight hundred, and there are more than a thousand people. The group owner and several administrators are intermediaries, others are writers, and administrators will regularly clean up people who don’t take orders for a long time. "

A group announcement of "Geili Group" shows that 20 yuan is rewarded for introducing undergraduate thesis writers into the group and 50 yuan is rewarded for introducing master thesis writers into the group. For writers who are more active and highly cooperative in the group, the intermediary will also develop them into regular employees.

"If you don’t want to write, you can come to work in the company." An administrator once sent an invitation to Yang Le: The company has offices in Liaoning and Shanghai, and the salary consists of basic salary and commission. The more orders, the higher the salary.

Expert: if the circumstances are serious, it is recommended to be sentenced.

"Avoid keywords, hide in e-commerce platforms, and induce transactions on social platforms." Netizens pointed out that this is the consistent routine of the current paper writing business.

On May 7, People’s Daily reporter searched some social and e-commerce platforms and found that with "writing papers" as the key word, relevant users could be found on WeChat and Zhihu; Searching for "paper generation" in Taobao, QQ and Weibo shows no results, but searching for "paper generation" can find related "goods" or users.

Taking Taobao as an example, a series of products appeared in the reporter’s search for "paper generation". Most of the product introductions include papers, blogs, articles, etc., and the names of shops are mostly "XXX Studio" and "XXX Cultural Society".

The reporter contacted a shop named "Sincere Senior School Students" through a product with a price tag of 200 yuan, and the text introduction was "Writing for High-end Masters and PhDs". He left a message saying that he wanted to consult an undergraduate thesis, and the other party replied "If you ask this, you will definitely do it, classmate". The reporter asked the reason, and the other party asked: "Do you think this is aboveboard? If you want to know more about it, you can chat on Q or WeChat or Taobao, otherwise it will be sealed. "

"Major e-commerce and social platforms should actively supervise illegal transactions, but it is not enough to rely on network shielding to cut off the industrial chain written by papers." Yin Bo, an associate professor at the Institute of Criminal Law Science of Beijing Normal University, pointed out.

In fact, the current supervision of writing papers in China is not random. In December 2015, China Association for Science and Technology and other seven departments jointly issued "Five Prohibitions for Publishing Academic Papers", resolutely resisting academic misconduct such as "third party" writing, voting and revising.

In July 2018, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Strictly Investigating and Punishing the Sale and Writing of Dissertations in Colleges and Universities", demanding that the sale and writing of dissertations in colleges and universities be severely investigated.

In October 2019, 20 departments, including the Ministry of Science and Technology, jointly issued the Rules for the Investigation and Handling of Scientific Research Integrity Cases (Trial), which clearly defined the investigation process and handling measures of cases, and buying, selling and writing papers on behalf of others were included in the act of scientific research dishonesty.

Why is it still difficult to break the industrial chain of writing papers?

Jia Ting, the chief lawyer of Beijing Tingsheng Law Firm, believes that the reasons for the formation of the industrial chain are comprehensive: some institutions and industries only discuss papers in the assessment of talent training; The demand side of the paper is unwilling to study hard and thinks that money is everything, which leads to speculative psychology; Writers and intermediaries are mercenary and try their best to attract business.

Yinbo further pointed out that writing on behalf of a paper roughly includes three types of subjects: the demand side of the paper; Intermediaries providing services; The writer of the paper. Among them, intermediary agencies are the most harmful, and there is a gap in supervision, so it is more urgent to regulate them.

"At present, most of the constraints on writing papers rely on the self-discipline norms of universities and scientific research institutions and related administrative laws and regulations. These often belong to the internal norms of the academic community, and there is a lack of sufficient regulatory means for external operators, especially third-party intermediaries. " Inbo pointed out.

"Serious organization of buying and selling, writing papers on behalf of others can be considered as imprisonment." Both Yin Bo and Jia Ting believe that we can refer to the provisions of the Criminal Law on the crime of cheating in organizing exams, and include organizing and helping the sale of papers and writing on behalf of others into the criminal law norms, thus playing a deterrent role for all kinds of subjects involved. (At the request of the interviewee, Yi Qi and Yang Le are pseudonyms.)

(The original title is "Dear, do you need to write a paper?" 》）

guide reading

On September 4th, the newly-developed recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine for inhalation (adenovirus type 5 vector) was put forward by the National Health and Wellness Commission, and was approved by National Medical Products Administration to be used as booster for emergency use, making it the first inhaled COVID-19 vaccine in the world.

On October 25th, Shanghai started the registration of intensified immunization with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation (adenovirus type 5). On 26th, the immunization with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine (adenovirus type 5) for inhalation was started.

What is recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation? This non-injected, non-cold chain COVID-19 vaccine was called "revolutionary ideal" by Academician Chen Wei. What’s good about this "ideal" vaccine?

Chen Wei, researcher of Academy of Military Sciences, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology and academician of China Academy of Engineering.

↓↓↓

Studies at home and abroad have proved that enhanced immunization with Covid-19 vaccine can enhance the protection effectiveness and prolong the protection period.

The so-called atomization inhalation immunity means that the vaccine is atomized into tiny particles by an atomizer, and then enters the respiratory tract and lungs by breathing inhalation, thus stimulating mucosal immunity, which cannot be brought by intramuscular injection. Generally, intramuscular injection of COVID-19 vaccine can only induce humoral immunity and cellular immunity. In addition, immunization with atomized inhalation is painless and has higher accessibility.

Immune response and specific antibodies induced by intramuscular injection are easier to enter the blood circulation system, but their contents in nasal cavity and lungs are not high enough to achieve immune effect quickly when the virus invades. It takes a certain reaction time for these antibodies to reach the respiratory tract from the blood, but the virus invades our body and usually seizes this time difference, so many people are infected during this time.

However, this non-injected vaccine is inhaled, and only one-fifth of the dose of the vaccine is injected each time. It can also induce mucosal immunity through atomized inhalation to achieve the best effect of triple immunity, which can not only block the infection of Covid-19, but also inhibit the spread of the virus.

According to the relevant requirements of the state, citizens only need one dose of hypohomologous booster immunization or sequential booster immunization at present. When people aged 70 and over are vaccinated, they should be accompanied by family members or volunteers.

COVID-19 vaccine for inhalation 18 questions

1. What is recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

Answer: The recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation (adenovirus vector type 5) uses an adenovirus vector harmless to human body to deliver the genetic material expressing S protein into human body, and uses an atomizer to atomize the vaccine into tiny particles, which can reach the lung tissue through oral breathing by inhalation, thus stimulating triple immunity of mucosa, body fluid and cells.

2. What are the conditions for inoculation of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: At this stage, the inactivated vaccine produced by Sinopharm China Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Sinopharm China Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and the intramuscular recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (adenovirus type 5) produced by Kangxinuo Biological Co., Ltd. can be used to carry out one dose of booster immunization for people aged 18 and above for six months. Recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation (adenovirus type 5 vector) is not used for basic immunization for the time being.

All kinds of people only need to be vaccinated with one dose of hypohomologous booster immunization or sequential booster immunization.

3. What is the dose of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?　

A: The dosage is 0.1mL each time.

4. Can people over 60 be vaccinated? Can people under 18 be vaccinated with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: At present, the recommended vaccination population for inhalation dosage forms is people aged 18 and above.

5. How effective is the booster immunization of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?　

A: At present, the clinical study of sequential booster immunization with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation and inactivated novel coronavirus vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 and above in China shows that sequential booster immunization with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation and inactivated vaccine can significantly enhance the immune response.

6. What is the immune persistence of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: Immunization persistence research shows that after 6 months of heterologous inoculation with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation, the neutralizing antibody remains at a high level.

7. What is the safety of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: A safety study conducted among tens of thousands of people showed that the recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation was safe for people over 18 years old, and no serious adverse reactions were found.

8. What are the vaccination contraindications of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

Answer: (1) Those who are allergic to the active ingredients, any inactive ingredients and substances used in the production process, or those who have been allergic to similar vaccines before.

(2) Those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccines in the past (such as acute allergic reactions, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, etc.).

(3) Patients with uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive nervous system diseases have a history of Guillain-Barre syndrome.

(4) People who are suffering from fever, or acute diseases, or acute attacks of chronic diseases, or patients with uncontrolled serious chronic diseases;

(5) Pregnant women.

9. Can patients with chronic diseases be vaccinated with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: According to the Technical Guidelines for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), people with chronic diseases are at high risk of severe illness and death after being infected with Covid-19. People with chronic diseases with stable health and good drug control are recommended to be vaccinated. Vaccination is suspended when chronic diseases are in acute attack. Have a history of convulsion, epilepsy, encephalopathy or mental illness or family history; Have a history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and other basic diseases or abnormal lung function; Use with caution in patients with impaired immune function (such as malignant tumor, nephrotic syndrome and other immunodeficiency diseases).

10. Do people cured in COVID-19 need to be vaccinated with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: According to the Technical Guidelines for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), it is rare for Covid-19 to be reinfected within 6 months after infection. In the past, COVID-19 virus infected people (patients or asymptomatic infected people) can be vaccinated with one dose after 6 months on the basis of full notification.

11. Can people with allergies be vaccinated with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: In the Technical Guide for Vaccination in Covid-19 (First Edition), it is clear that those who have had severe allergic reactions to vaccines in the past (such as acute allergic reactions, angioneurotic edema, dyspnea, etc.) are contraindications for vaccination of Covid-19 vaccines; In addition, the severity of allergies and allergens should be considered and implemented according to the doctor’s advice.

12. How to inoculate recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: Please practice several times before inhaling, and then start the formal vaccination.

Step 1: Take a deep breath first (do not exhale into the atomizing cup);

Step 2: hold the nozzle of the atomizing cup in your mouth, and inhale deeply until there is no fog in the cup;

Step 3: Hold your breath for more than 5 seconds (at least 5 seconds), then breathe normally, and the inoculation is over.

13. Under what circumstances should we re-inhale recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation on the spot?

Answer: (1) There is obvious misty gas in the atomizing cup after inhalation;

(2) Cough and early exhalation occur during inhalation (including 5-second breath-holding period).

Suction failure needs to inhale a dose of vaccine again, and only one repeated inhalation is allowed.

14. What should I pay attention to after vaccination with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: You should stay on the spot for at least 30 minutes after inoculation. Avoid contact with previously known allergens and common allergens within one week after inoculation, and try not to drink alcohol, eat spicy food or seafood. It is recommended to have a light diet and drink plenty of water.

15. What adverse reactions may occur after vaccination with recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation?

A: Common systemic adverse reactions include symptoms such as fatigue, headache, fever, dry mouth and swollen throat. Generally, they can recover by themselves without special treatment.

16. Will the inoculation of recombinant Covid-19 vaccine for inhalation affect the results of nucleic acid test and antigen test?

Answer: The characteristic of adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccine is that it only contains the gene sequence of S protein and expresses antigen in human cells, and it does not contain the open reading frame 1ab(ORF1ab) and nucleocapsid protein (N protein) at the nucleic acid detection site, so the vaccination of this vaccine will not cause COVID-19 to be positive for nucleic acid detection.

17. Can I be vaccinated during pregnancy?

A: If you are pregnant after vaccination or have been vaccinated in the case of unknown pregnancy, based on the understanding of the safety of the above vaccines, it is not recommended to take special medical measures (such as termination of pregnancy) just because you have been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine. It is recommended to do a good job in pregnancy examination and follow-up. For women who have a pregnancy plan, it is not necessary to delay the pregnancy plan just because of Covid-19 vaccination.

18. After three injections, do I need to get another vaccine for inhalation?

A: According to the guidelines on vaccination work, those who have already completed the booster immunization will not be given further booster immunization at this stage.

Source: The Paper, Shanghai Publishing, Jinshan CDC, Science and Technology Daily. 　 　

Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China Sichuan Provincial People’s Government

Opinions on the implementation of the three-year campaign to win the fight against poverty (abstract)

(August 31, 2018)

　　In order to conscientiously implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on winning the three-year campaign against poverty and the spirit of "Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Winning the Three-year Campaign against Poverty", and promote the more effective development of the fight against poverty, the following implementation opinions are put forward in combination with the actual situation in our province.

　　First, comprehensively grasp the overall requirements for winning the three-year campaign against poverty.

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, thoroughly study and implement the spirit of the important instructions of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader on Sichuan’s work series, conscientiously implement the deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Provincial Party Committee, always regard tackling poverty as the greatest political responsibility, the biggest livelihood project and the greatest development opportunity, adhere to the basic strategy of precise poverty alleviation, and adhere to the working mechanism that the province takes overall responsibility and the cities and counties implement it. Adhere to the pattern of large-scale poverty alleviation work, adhere to the problem orientation, quality orientation and goal orientation, pay attention to the connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, the coordination between development poverty alleviation and affordable poverty alleviation, the combination of poverty alleviation and intellectual support, and the unity of continuing to attack poverty and preventing poverty return. Focus on deep poverty-stricken areas and special poverty-stricken groups, optimize policy supply, refine assistance measures, strengthen security investment, focus on improving the practical skills of poverty alleviation, and focus on strengthening work style construction in poverty alleviation. Efforts will be made to stimulate the endogenous motivation of the poor, to consolidate the foundation for the poor to get rid of poverty, to effectively improve their sense of gain, to ensure that by 2020, the poor areas and poor people in our province will join the whole country in entering a well-off society in an all-round way, and to lay a solid foundation for implementing the rural revitalization strategy and promoting the governance of Sichuan to a new level.

　　(II) Objectives and tasks

　　By 2020, under the current standards, all the rural poor in the province will be lifted out of poverty and absolute poverty will be eliminated; All poverty-stricken counties take off their hats to solve regional overall poverty. The growth rate of per capita disposable income of farmers in poverty-stricken areas is higher than the provincial average. The indicators of the main areas of basic public services in poverty-stricken areas are close to the national average. The development environment of the province’s concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas, old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas and mountainous areas around the basin has been significantly improved, and the deep poverty-stricken areas have completed the task of comprehensive poverty alleviation as scheduled.

　　In the next three years, 1.713 million poor people in the province will be lifted out of poverty, 5,295 poor villages will be withdrawn, and 68 poor counties will be stripped of their hats. The overall progress of poverty alleviation is: in 2018, 1 million poor people will be lifted out of poverty, 3,500 poor villages will be withdrawn, and 30 poor counties will be removed from their hats; In 2019, 635,000 poor people were lifted out of poverty, 1,622 poor villages withdrew, and 31 poor counties took off their hats; In 2020, 78,000 poor people will be lifted out of poverty, 173 poor villages will be withdrawn, and 7 poor counties will be stripped of their hats.

　　(3) Work requirements

　　Adhere to the party’s leadership and strengthen organizational guarantee. Give full play to the leading role of the Party Committee in overall planning and coordinating all parties, strictly implement the responsibility system for the top leaders of the party and government in tackling poverty, and work together with the five secretaries of provinces, cities, counties and villages. Strengthen the construction of rural grass-roots party organizations in poverty-stricken areas and make them a strong fighting fortress to lead the masses out of poverty and become rich.

　　Adhere to the target standards and improve the quality of poverty alleviation. Insist on improving the quality of poverty alleviation in the first place, focus on "two worries and three guarantees", reasonably determine the time sequence of poverty alleviation, do not increase the number of layers, do not lower the standard, and do not raise the standard without authorization. Fully implement the requirements of "six precisions", make great efforts to embroider, and solve the problems of who to support, who to help, how to help, and how to retreat, so as to help the really poor, really help the poor, and really get rid of poverty.

　　Insist on increasing investment and strengthening policy support. Give play to the main body and leading role of government investment, increase the investment of financial funds in poverty alleviation, and attract social funds to participate in poverty alleviation. Balancing poverty-stricken counties and non-poverty-stricken counties, poverty-stricken villages and non-poverty-stricken villages’ poverty-stricken population support policies as a whole, establishing and improving the policy system of affordable poverty alleviation on the premise of paying attention to the benefits and fairness of public policies, and giving play to the comprehensive poverty alleviation effect of development-oriented poverty alleviation and affordable poverty alleviation.

　　Adhere to social mobilization and unite all forces. Strengthen the responsibility of government leading and department leading, innovate the way of social mobilization, improve the mechanism of social participation, guide the coordinated efforts of the market and society, and build a large-scale poverty alleviation pattern in which special poverty alleviation, industry poverty alleviation and social poverty alleviation complement each other.

　　Adhere to strict requirements and promote practical work. We should strictly manage the party in an all-round way throughout the whole process of poverty alleviation, regard the battlefield of poverty alleviation as an important position to train cadres, strengthen grassroots assistance, and improve the ability of cadres at all levels to get rid of poverty. Implement normalized inspections and inspections and the most rigorous assessment to ensure that the process of poverty alleviation is solid and the results of poverty alleviation are real, and the results of poverty alleviation can stand the test of practice and history.

　　Adhere to the subject of the masses and stimulate endogenous motivation. Adhere to the combination of poverty alleviation and supporting the will and wisdom, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of cadres and masses in poverty-stricken areas. Deepen the change of customs, cultivate a new civilized style, and pay more attention to improving the self-development ability of poor areas and poor people.

　　Second, concentrate on overcoming the task of poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas

　　(4) Concentrate on promoting key areas to tackle key problems.

　　Insist on tackling poverty to lead the regional development of deep poverty-stricken areas, make concerted efforts to promote the "seven major actions" of housing, industry, employment, education, health, infrastructure and ecological poverty alleviation, and vigorously implement the "six livelihood projects action plan" in Tibetan areas and the "ten poverty alleviation projects" in Yi areas.

　　We will conscientiously implement the plan of the provincial party committee and the provincial government to comprehensively help Liangshan Prefecture win the battle against poverty in an all-round way, and implement 34 policies and measures in 12 aspects, including industrial employment, education development and medical and health development. In three years, 622,000 poor people in deep poverty-stricken areas were lifted out of poverty, 2,180 poor villages withdrew and 40 poor counties took off their hats.

　　Vigorously improve the development conditions of deep poverty-stricken areas. In-depth development of a new round of "traffic conference war" in Ganzi Prefecture and Liangshan Prefecture, speeding up the road construction of 32 townships and 452 administrative villages with remaining hardened roads, and achieving full coverage of oil roads in townships and hardened roads in established villages. In-depth implementation of water conservancy, electric power, network and other poverty alleviation projects will comprehensively solve the problem of safe drinking water for 124,500 poor people, the problem of electricity consumption for 11,800 poor households in 177 poverty-stricken villages, the problem of fiber-optic broadband access in 1,261 poverty-stricken villages and the problem of 4G network access in 743 poverty-stricken villages. Promote the integration of funds, unified planning, and overall implementation of rural land comprehensive improvement and high-standard farmland construction in deep poverty areas. We will implement the natural forest protection project to build 600,000 mu of public welfare forest, return 200,000 mu of farmland to forests in a new round, and renovate 150,000 mu of ecologically fragile areas, so as to achieve the balance between grass and livestock in pastoral areas by 2020. Vigorously implement the upgrading project of poor villages.

　　Focus on solving the special difficulties of the people in deep poverty-stricken areas. We will fully implement the health poverty alleviation campaign in deep poverty-stricken areas, and the proportion of medical expenses paid by poor patients for hospitalization in the county, referral to hospitalization outside the county according to regulations, and outpatient maintenance treatment for chronic diseases will be controlled within 5%. Do a good job in AIDS prevention and control in Liangshan Prefecture and comprehensive prevention and control of echinococcosis in Tibetan areas. Strengthen the rectification of birth order and guide the masses to give birth according to the policy. Implement anti-drug and poverty alleviation measures by classification, increase support for anti-drug and anti-drug work in Liangshan Prefecture, continue to promote the construction of "1+15+N" drug rehabilitation system, and promote the realization of detoxification and poverty alleviation. Intensify the education and promotion of the national common language, deepen the construction of "one village and one child" in Yi area, and actively promote the "action of learning Putonghua before school". We will do a good job in accurately identifying, helping and getting rid of poverty in Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture.

　　(5) Increase the support for policy inclination.

　　We will increase financial input, with 30 billion yuan added by governments at all levels, reaching a total of 121 billion yuan. Strictly implement the requirements of "three increases and one exemption", further increase the balanced transfer payment of provincial finance, and tilt to deep poverty-stricken counties when allocating relevant special transfer payment funds, so as to ensure that the per capita expenditure on basic public services will reach the county-level average level in the province by 2020. We will improve the county-level basic financial security reward and compensation policy, and the provincial finance will subsidize the gap in the settlement of the deep poverty-stricken counties whose own financial resources cannot meet the basic standard expenditure needs. For deep poverty-stricken counties that get rid of poverty every year, considering the incidence of poverty and other factors, they will be given a one-time financial subsidy according to the standard of an average of 10 million yuan per county. Increase the general bond limit for deep poverty areas.

　　Increase financial support, give priority to meeting deep poverty areas with new financial funds, and give priority to the layout of deep poverty areas with new financial services. We will implement the regulatory requirements for differentiated financial precision poverty alleviation, give priority to meeting the demand for poverty alleviation refinancing of corporate financial institutions in deep poverty-stricken counties, and strive to make the proportion of poverty alleviation refinancing in deep poverty-stricken areas in the province higher than the same period of last year from 2018 to 2020. Implement the relevant requirements of increasing the risk-sharing ratio of the poverty alleviation microfinance risk-sharing fund from 7: 3 to 8: 2. The "green channel" policy will be implemented for qualified enterprises in deep poverty areas to issue shares for the first time, list in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and issue corporate bonds and asset-backed securities. Support qualified enterprises in deep poverty areas to raise funds by issuing short-term financing bills, medium-term bills, special poverty alleviation bills, social effect bonds and other debt financing tools.

　　Increase the tilt of land policy, fully guarantee the land for infrastructure construction, ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, and people’s livelihood development in deep poverty-stricken areas, and solve the insufficient part together. On the basis of controlling the total scale of urban and rural construction land, optimize the structure and layout of urban and rural land in deep poverty areas in a timely manner and report to the government with approval authority for approval. Give priority to the annual plan of new construction land for poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas, and the insufficient part shall be reported to the provincial land and resources department for advance use. If the provincial plan indicators are insufficient, report to the Ministry of Natural Resources for additional identification. Construction projects below the provincial level in deep poverty-stricken areas, which are really difficult to avoid permanent basic farmland, can be included in the scope of major construction projects, and the provincial land and resources department shall handle the pre-examination of land use, and handle the conversion of agricultural land and land expropriation in accordance with regulations. In deep poverty-stricken areas, the increase or decrease of urban and rural construction land can be linked without being limited by the scale of indicators, and actively promote the inter-provincial adjustment and use of savings indicators linked to increase or decrease in deep poverty-stricken areas. Increase or decrease the old areas linked to the demolition, under the premise of ensuring that the cultivated land area does not decrease and the construction land does not increase, it can be reclaimed according to the principle of suitable tillage, suitable forest and suitable grass, and encourage priority reclamation for high-standard farmland. Increase investment in land consolidation and high-standard farmland construction in deep poverty-stricken areas.

　　(6) coordinating and strengthening the assistance work.

　　In-depth implementation of counterpart assistance and designated poverty alleviation in the province, give full play to the role of counterpart assistance in cities and counties, provincial departments and directly affiliated units, universities, hospitals, state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and implement group-based and group-based precise assistance. We will send comprehensive assistance teams to 11 deep poverty-stricken counties in Liangshan Prefecture to implement "one county, one team" precise assistance, mainly to poor towns and villages, and make overall plans to do a good job in tackling poverty, ignorance, drugs, overload, dropping out of school, keeping school, strengthening the construction of grassroots organizations and cultivating grassroots talents. Do a good job in the relevant work of national social organizations participating in the poverty-stricken areas in our province.

　　We will deepen the cooperation between the east and the west in poverty alleviation and counterpart aid to Tibet, promote the normalization and institutionalization of high-level exchange visits, and establish a poverty alleviation cooperation ledger system. Strictly implement the requirement that more than 80% of counterpart support funds for Tibetan areas should be used to protect and improve people’s livelihood and at the grassroots level at or below the county level, and guide the assistance resources to lean towards poor villages and poor people. Give full play to the comparative advantages of both sides and deepen exchanges and cooperation in various fields such as industrial development and park co-construction. Strengthen grassroots cadres and education, health and other talents to exchange and study, and increase the intensity of group-based medical support. Vigorously promote the "join hands to run a well-off society" and actively carry out pairing assistance between towns and villages (communities).

　　Enlarge and strengthen the existing "enclave" parks such as Chengdu-Aba, Ganzi-Meishan, Chengdu-Ganzi and Deyang-Aba, and accelerate the construction of "enclave" parks such as Foshan-Liangshan Agricultural Industrial Park and Chengdu-Liangshan. By 2020, there will be more than 200 industrial enterprises above designated size, with an operating income of about 40 billion yuan.

　　(7) Vigorously implement the talent revitalization project.

　　Adhere to the combination of external introduction and local training, adhere to the combination of solving current urgent needs and long-term service, implement the "five major projects" of directional training, on-the-job training, talent recruitment, talent assistance and talent stability, and comprehensively expand the talent team in deep poverty-stricken counties. We will further increase our support for talent training and cadre selection in deep poverty-stricken counties, and carry out cadre talent training in different levels and categories. In three years, we will train 10,000 college students and focus on training 168,300 people in deep poverty-stricken counties, recruit and recruit 49,000 professional and technical personnel in education, health, agriculture, forestry, tourism and environmental protection, and pay attention to "one village, one child", "one village, one doctor" and "one village, one general subject" By 2020, the rural practical talents in deep poverty-stricken counties will be sufficient, the professional talents will be complete, the talent structure in key areas will be reasonable, the problem of talents being unable to be introduced and retained will be fundamentally improved, and the quantity and quality of talents will be greatly improved.

　　Third, strengthen the fight against poverty from village to household to people.

　　(8) Fight hard for housing construction.

　　Vigorously implement ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, complete the task of ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation of poverty-stricken people in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" with high quality, ensure that the poor people with relocation and resettlement conditions should move as much as possible, and gradually implement simultaneous relocation. Strictly implement the standards and requirements that the per capita building area does not exceed 25 square meters, and the average household raises no more than 10,000 yuan, so as to prevent poor people from bearing heavy debts due to building houses. In areas with extremely harsh natural conditions and development environment, combined with the adjustment of administrative village planning and layout, the whole village and group relocation are encouraged. Promote the "small-scale, group-based, micro-pastoral and ecological" construction mode, further increase the proportion of centralized resettlement in combination with new urbanization construction, simultaneously promote the construction of supporting infrastructure and basic public service facilities in resettlement areas, do a good job in industrial support and employment resettlement, and coordinate various poverty alleviation and security measures to ensure the relocation of one household and the stable poverty alleviation of one household. Strengthen community management and services in resettlement areas, do a good job in continuing services such as household registration management, medical treatment at school, social security and psychological counseling for relocated people, and guide the relocated people to integrate into the new environment and new community as soon as possible.

　　In-depth implementation of rural dilapidated housing renovation, combined with the actual promotion of simple and easy dangerous housing identification procedures, standardize the object identification procedures, establish dangerous housing accounts and implement precise management, and transform one household and sell one file. Improve the classification and grading subsidy standards, and the funds paid to farmers should be directly allocated to households in full and on time. By the end of 2020, we will fully complete the task of rebuilding dilapidated houses in rural areas for poverty-stricken households with stock files. Encourage the construction of rural collective public rental housing and happy compound, repair and strengthen existing idle public houses, replace or lease idle rural houses in the village for a long time, etc., to solve the housing security problems and the convenience of production and life of special poor groups. Deepen the implementation of the "Measures for the Administration of Rural Housing Construction in Sichuan Province" and promote the construction of rural safe housing in a standardized and orderly manner.

　　(9) Fight the tough battle of industrial poverty alleviation.

　　Increase the adjustment of industrial structure in poverty-stricken areas, carry out the upgrading project of characteristic industries in poverty-stricken areas in depth, accelerate the development of planting and breeding, forestry and grass industry, agricultural product processing industry, characteristic handicraft industry, leisure agriculture and rural tourism, and actively cultivate and promote characteristic products with market, brand and benefit.

　　Highlight the advantages of regional characteristics, give priority to the agricultural projects with characteristics in poverty-stricken areas in the action plan to improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture with characteristics, build 6 million mu of agricultural industrial bases by 2020, and newly renovate and expand 2,500 standardized farms (communities) and 121 aquaculture bases. Deepen the development of industrial integration, support qualified poverty-stricken counties to set up poverty alleviation industrial parks with the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and build 450 demonstration parks with modern agricultural industrial integration and 2550 primary processing facilities for agricultural products. Efforts will be made to cultivate regional public brands of high-quality agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas and actively develop "three products and one standard" characteristic agricultural products. We will further promote poverty alleviation through science and technology, vigorously promote the "five-movement" model of poverty alleviation through science and technology, which is "enterprise-driven, industry-driven, school (college)-local linkage, online interaction and entrepreneurship-driven". By 2020, we will build 100 provincial-level science and technology poverty alleviation industrial demonstration bases and 100 "Sichuan science and technology poverty alleviation online" city and county transportation management centers. Support qualified poverty-stricken counties to build agricultural science and technology parks and create a world with stars, and display and popularize advanced agricultural scientific and technological achievements. Organize national and provincial leading enterprises to cooperate with poor counties to create a standardized base for raw materials of green food and organic agricultural products. Improve the interest linkage mechanism of industrial poverty alleviation, promote effective practices such as joint-stock cooperation, order assistance, and production custody, and realize the integration of poor households into modern agricultural development. By 2020, more than 50% of the poor people in the province will be driven out of poverty by leading enterprises, and more than 80% of the poor villages will have more than one leading enterprise to help them. Each poor family will have at least one source of stable income or income increase.There are 500 provincial demonstration cooperatives and 700 provincial demonstration farms for family farms. Improve the technical support system for industrial development in poverty-stricken areas, establish an industrial development instructor system for poor households, and fully equip and strengthen township agricultural science and technology personnel to help poor households coordinate and solve production and operation problems.

　　Conscientiously implement the deployment of the provincial party Committee and the provincial government on innovating the sales system of poverty alleviation products to promote accurate poverty alleviation, and comprehensively implement the public welfare collective trademark of "Sichuan Poverty Alleviation". Increase the connection between production and marketing, implement agricultural products promotion actions such as e-commerce marketing, helping units to promote sales, underwriting by commercial circulation enterprises, and directed direct supply and direct sales, promote market entities such as wholesale markets, e-commerce enterprises, and large supermarkets to establish long-term and stable production and marketing relations with poor villages, and organize activities of directed direct supply and direct sales schools, hospitals, government canteens and trading markets for agricultural products in poor areas. Actively organize the exhibition activities of agricultural special products in poverty-stricken areas in Sichuan Province, and organize the production and operation enterprises of poverty-stricken products in poverty-stricken areas to participate in the three major activities of market expansion, such as "Sichuan goods nationwide trip", "Huimin shopping all over Sichuan action" and "all enterprises go abroad". Support supply and marketing, postal services and various enterprises to extend their service outlets to poor villages, promote the mode of "purchasing instead of donating" and "supply and marketing cooperatives+small farmers+poor households" to expand the sales of agricultural products in poor areas. In-depth development of e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration projects, support the construction of rural e-commerce services and logistics distribution sites, and help poor households with conditions to open online stores (micro-stores). Explore the formulation of e-commerce sales reward and subsidy policies, transportation and logistics subsidy policies for special agricultural products sales areas (counters) in poverty-stricken areas, and implement relevant preferential tax policies. We will build an e-commerce platform for agricultural products in the province, establish an offline experience center for famous and excellent agricultural products in poverty-stricken areas in the province, promote the effective combination of e-commerce and business entities, and realize "online goods going to the countryside" and "agricultural products entering the city".Support poverty-stricken counties to improve market systems such as township farmers’ markets, featured commodity markets and featured commercial streets, and circulation infrastructure such as agricultural products cold chain, warehousing and logistics distribution systems.

　　Vigorously develop forestry eco-economy, support the construction of woody oil industry concentration areas in Qinba Mountain area, modern bamboo forest base in wumeng mountain, characteristic forestry industrial base in Tibetan areas of western Sichuan, excellent new economic fruit base and large and medium-sized timber forest base in Liangshan Yi area, and cultivate 16 million mu of modern forestry industrial base in 2020. Support the holding of eco-tourism festivals such as flowers (fruits), red leaves and giant pandas relying on natural resources such as forests, grasslands, wetlands and wild flowers, and build a number of national and provincial eco-tourism and eco-health demonstration zones.

　　Actively promote poverty alleviation through tourism, support qualified poverty-stricken areas to create national tourism demonstration zones and tourism industry gathering areas, poverty-stricken counties to create tourism poverty alleviation demonstration zones, poverty-stricken villages to create tourism poverty alleviation demonstration villages, poor households to build rural residents to meet the standard, actively develop new formats of rural tourism, cultivate rural tourism cooperatives, and build rural tourism brands. Support and guide poor areas to plan tourism marketing activities.

　　Implement photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects, develop village-level photovoltaic power stations or village-level photovoltaic power stations according to local conditions in areas with good lighting conditions, and promote photovoltaic poverty alleviation in an orderly manner.

　　Actively promote the reform of rural collective property rights system in poverty-stricken areas, explore the reform of changing rural resources into assets, funds into shares, and farmers into shareholders, make good use of industrial support funds for living poor villages and pilot funds to support the development of village-level collective economy, increase collective economic income through activating collective resources, holding shares or shares, and quantifying asset income, so as to ensure that the per capita collective economic operational income of 5,295 poverty-stricken villages reaches the standard. By 2020, the "empty shell villages" of the collective economy will be completely eliminated, and a large number of villages with developed collective economy will be cultivated in poor areas.

　　Support poor counties to integrate financial agriculture-related funds and develop characteristic industries. Encourage all localities to use poverty alleviation funds from a practical point of view to develop industries that are difficult to achieve short-term results and can continue to exert benefits in the future. Incorporate industrial poverty alleviation into the effectiveness assessment of poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken counties and the audit of the departure of party and government leaders, and guide local governments to develop long-term and stable poverty alleviation industrial projects.

　　(10) Fight the tough battle of employment and poverty alleviation.

　　We will implement the action plan for poverty alleviation through employment, improve the "five lists in one library" of poor laborers, fully implement the "nine measures" for poverty alleviation through employment, and strive to broaden the channels for the poor to increase their employment. By 2020, the number of poor laborers will be transferred to employment, and at least one poor household with working ability and willingness to work will be employed.

　　We will implement the special action of skills poverty alleviation and the full coverage of skills training for poor laborers in deep poverty areas, make overall plans to integrate all kinds of training resources and funds, and organize poor family laborers who are willing to take part in employment skills training, rural practical technical training, ethnic handicraft training, language and guiding training, and labor preparation training. Solidly carry out training activities such as "sending training to the countryside", "special poverty alleviation classes" and "helping one with one", and train more than 300,000 poor laborers. Further promote the cooperation of poverty alleviation services, strengthen the work of labor export services, establish service agencies in cities where migrant workers are employed, and improve the organizational degree and employment quality of labor docking; Implement the action of docking domestic and nursing services to help the poor, build the brand of domestic and nursing services in poor areas, and improve the employment guarantee mechanism of domestic and nursing services; Relying on the "35+45" counterpart assistance mechanism in the province, guide the poor labor force to get full employment outside the province and county; Encourage and guide industrial and commercial enterprises and agricultural production and operation entities to absorb poor labor and find employment nearby; Special job fairs for employment and poverty alleviation will be held at various levels and in various forms, and small and micro recruitment activities such as sending job information "into the countryside and entering the village" and employing enterprises will be organized to help the labor force of families with special difficulties stabilize employment.

　　Encourage and support the development of eco-friendly labor-intensive industries in poverty-stricken areas, and support enterprises to build poverty-alleviation workshops in qualified poverty-stricken villages through post subsidies, field rent subsidies, loan support, etc., so as to attract poor family laborers to work nearby. By 2020, 700 standardized poverty alleviation workshops will be built and 200 employment poverty alleviation bases will be built. Encourage cities and counties to integrate resources and funds, and develop public welfare posts such as old-age care, assistance for young people in distress, care for the disabled, social security co-management, forest protection and greening, rural road maintenance, full-time monitoring of geological disasters, rural cleaning, labor and social security assistant, and work services for the disabled in villages. More than 20,000 public welfare posts have been developed in the province. Actively develop the "returning geese economy", further strengthen policy support from the aspects of factor guarantee, financial support, financing and credit, and entrepreneurial services, increase the service, guidance and training for returning entrepreneurs, and build entrepreneurial parks and rural entrepreneurial innovation parks to promote the employment of poor laborers.

　　(11) Fight hard against poverty through education.

　　With the guarantee of compulsory education as the core, we will fully implement the policy of poverty alleviation through education, and implement the "six-long" responsibility system, which is jointly responsible by county heads, directors, township (town) heads, principals, village heads and parents, to ensure that school-age children in compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas, especially in deep poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas, should attend school and steadily improve the quality of compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas.

　　We will comprehensively promote the transformation of schools with weak compulsory education in poverty-stricken areas, focus on promoting the construction of standard central schools in townships, strengthen the construction of boarding schools in townships and small-scale schools in rural areas, and run necessary village primary schools and teaching points to ensure that all compulsory education schools meet the basic conditions for running schools. Support ordinary high schools in poverty-stricken counties to improve school conditions, run comprehensive high schools well, and vigorously improve the popularity of ordinary high schools in concentrated contiguous areas; Accelerate the development of vocational education in poverty-stricken areas, build a number of secondary vocational schools in poverty-stricken areas where population is concentrated and industrial development needs, strive for high-quality secondary vocational schools in developed areas to strengthen assistance to secondary vocational schools in poverty-stricken areas, and guide secondary vocational students to receive vocational education in secondary vocational schools in developed areas. We launched a special plan for higher vocational education in poverty-stricken areas, and trained 10,000 teachers, health workers and agricultural technicians.

　　Improve the financial aid policy system covering all levels and types of education, and the realization of student financial aid policy should help as much as possible. We will implement policies such as "three exemptions and one subsidy" for compulsory education, and continue to implement the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students and the heating plan for students in compulsory education schools in high-altitude ethnic areas. We will implement the policy of reducing or exempting tuition fees for preschool education for poor students, tuition fees for senior high schools and state grants, and continue to implement the 15-year free education in ethnic areas and the "9+3" free vocational education plan. We will implement student aid policies such as national scholarships for higher education and national student loans. On the basis of full financial support for students from poor families in each school period, 1000 yuan’s living allowance will be given to each student of secondary vocational schools from poor families every year. For the newly enrolled students from poor families (including higher vocational colleges) from the autumn of 2016 to 2020, each student will be given a subsidy of 4,000 yuan per year until the end of their studies. We will implement the employment assistance policy for poor college graduates, and increase the subsidy for employment difficulties from 400 yuan to 600 yuan.

　　Strengthen the construction of rural teachers in poverty-stricken areas, give preference when implementing the national training plan and provincial teacher training programs, increase the training of "bilingual" teachers, fully implement the exchange of teachers and principals between urban and rural areas (rotation), and send backbone teachers with intermediate titles or above to teach in remote and poverty-stricken areas, ethnic areas and old revolutionary areas every year. Improve the treatment of rural teachers in poor areas, implement the policy of teachers’ living allowance, and allocate teachers’ resources in urban and rural areas in a balanced way.

　　We will speed up the sharing of quality education resources, vigorously implement the educational twinning actions such as helping township central kindergartens in urban areas within the county, helping weak compulsory education schools in rural areas in high-quality compulsory education schools within the city, helping ordinary high schools in poor counties in high-quality ordinary high schools within the province, and helping poor counties in colleges and universities within the province, and promote the implementation of 1,000 primary and secondary schools in the mainland to help primary and secondary schools in deep poverty-stricken counties. We will make every effort to promote the construction of "broadband network school-to-school communication, high-quality resources class-to-class communication, and online learning space for everyone" in primary and secondary schools in poverty-stricken areas, and continuously expand the scope of sharing high-quality educational resources.

　　(12) Fight hard for health and poverty alleviation.

　　In-depth implementation of the "five major actions" of medical assistance and support for the poor, public health protection for the poor, improvement of medical capacity in poverty-stricken areas, cultivation of health talents in poverty-stricken areas and rectification of fertility order in poverty-stricken areas. We will implement policies such as "ten exemptions and four subsidies" for poor people to participate in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents, and "two guarantees, three rescues and three funds", and implement systems such as graded diagnosis and treatment, payment after diagnosis and treatment, one-stop settlement, and publicity of medical expenses. The proportion of personal payment of medical expenses for hospitalization and chronic disease outpatient maintenance treatment for poor patients outside deep poverty counties is controlled within 10%. Free health check-ups, basic public health services, health education and health promotion for the poor. Women’s cervical cancer, breast cancer screening, children’s nutrition improvement and neonatal disease screening projects have been expanded to all poverty-stricken counties. We will accelerate the establishment of third-level medical and health institutions in counties and villages, and strengthen the capacity building of township hospitals and village clinics in poverty-stricken areas. Provide telemedicine equipment and facilities for poverty-stricken county hospitals, build an interconnected telemedicine service network from tertiary hospitals to county hospitals in an all-round way, and gradually extend to township hospitals and village clinics. Fully implement the integrated management of rural medical and health institutions in poverty-stricken areas, and build a three-level linkage medical service and health management platform. 117 tertiary hospitals in the province provided counterpart assistance to 217 county-level hospitals in 88 poverty-stricken counties. Through comprehensive assistance, counterpart support, hospital trusteeship, telemedicine, roving medical care and free clinic activities,Help improve the medical and health service capacity in poverty-stricken areas. Every township health center in poverty-stricken areas should set up at least one special post for general practitioners. Support all localities to train rural higher vocational (specialist) medical students free of charge, and supplement them to village clinics and township hospitals in poverty-stricken areas after passing the training of assistant general practitioners. Poverty-stricken areas can directly select and employ medical technicians for the talent market within the existing total establishment, and give priority to the shortage of local medical and health professionals when selecting and hiring. Strengthen the improvement of birth order in key counties, advocate prenatal and postnatal care, strengthen publicity and education on comprehensive prevention and treatment of birth defects, and effectively curb poverty caused by illegal birth.

　　Focus on deep poverty-stricken counties, implement the project of filling and filling health institutions, and accelerate the construction of infrastructure, basic equipment configuration and remote diagnosis and treatment system; Implement the revitalization project of health and family planning talents, and do a good job in targeted training, on-the-job training, attracting assistance and stabilizing talents; Implement the precise assistance project for sinking high-quality medical resources, and carry out in-depth "mentoring" actions such as clinical training, distance teaching, special training, group assistance, standardized use of equipment, management assistance, mentoring, service quality review, and remote diagnosis and treatment guidance; Implement the health poverty alleviation assessment promotion project, and promote the grassroots to perform their duties and responsibilities from the aspects of improving service ability, shaping spiritual outlook, rectifying hospital appearance, optimizing functional layout, satisfying the people, and ensuring the implementation of treatment.

　　Focus on key poor patients, and comprehensively promote a number of "three batches" action plans for centralized treatment of serious diseases, management of contracted services for chronic diseases and protection of serious diseases. We will implement the "four fixes and two enhancements" measures of setting clinical pathways, hospitals, charging standards for diseases (groups), setting reimbursement rates, strengthening the implementation of responsibilities, and strengthening quality management to provide centralized treatment for seriously ill patients. Standardize the contracted service of family doctors (rural doctors), give priority to health services for key groups such as women and children, the elderly and the disabled, and do a good job in standardized management of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, tuberculosis and severe mental disorders. On the basis of strict cost control, determination of diagnosis and treatment plan, determination of single disease charging standard, standardized referral and centralized fixed-point treatment, we will increase the assistance of medical assistance and other security policies for patients who still have difficulties in paying for basic medical insurance and serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents.

　　Focus on endemic diseases and major infectious diseases, and promote comprehensive prevention and control in the whole process of prevention, screening, treatment, rehabilitation and management. In-depth implementation of comprehensive AIDS prevention and treatment, strengthening publicity and intervention, testing, induction treatment, antiviral treatment, treatment incentives and other measures to improve the detection rate, treatment coverage and success rate of AIDS-infected people in poor areas, and reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission. In-depth implementation of the comprehensive prevention and control of echinococcosis, the promotion of the "stone canal model" in Tibetan areas and endemic counties adjacent to Tibetan areas in the province, and the comprehensive prevention and control measures of echinococcosis focusing on controlling the source of infection.

　　(13) Fight hard to ensure poverty alleviation.

　　Coordinate all kinds of security measures and establish a comprehensive security system with social insurance, social assistance and social welfare systems as the main body, supplemented by social assistance and social workers. Do a good job in the effective connection between the rural minimum living security system and the poverty alleviation and development policy, and include all poor households who have completely lost their working ability and partially lost their working ability and cannot rely on industrial support and employment to help them get rid of poverty. According to the national poverty alleviation standard not lower than that of that year, the low limit of rural minimum living standard in the whole province was formulated and issued. We will improve the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, and guide the poor to renew their insurance coverage. For poor people, low-income recipients, destitute people and other poor groups who have not been marked out of poverty in the filing card to participate in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, the government will pay the old-age insurance premium according to the minimum payment standard. We will improve the long-term mechanism for ensuring the basic livelihood of the poor, and take various measures to improve the level of assistance and ensure the basic livelihood for key relief targets such as the elderly, minors, disabled people and seriously ill patients among the poor who are included in the rural minimum living allowance. Increase the intensity of temporary assistance, and timely include eligible people returning to poverty into the scope of assistance. In deep poverty-stricken counties, special relief actions will be carried out for patients with severe mental disorders among poor people, low-income recipients and extremely poor people, so as to realize full relief for medical expenses and fixed relief for basic living expenses within the scope of their policies.

　　Implement the system of living allowance for disabled people with difficulties and nursing allowance for severely disabled people. Cost of living allowance, a poverty alleviation target for the disabled, will be distributed to the poverty-stricken people who hold the second-generation disabled card and do not enjoy the minimum living allowance. In-depth implementation of the "Fukang Project" and other accurate rehabilitation services for the disabled, giving priority to providing basic rehabilitation services and assistive devices adaptation services for disabled people with rehabilitation needs in poor families. For poor severely disabled people over the age of 16 who have long-term care and nursing needs, those who meet the conditions for assistance and support for poor people will be included in the assistance and support for poor people; Those who do not meet the conditions for assistance and support will be provided with centralized care, day care and neighborhood care services through government subsidies, purchase of services, establishment of public welfare posts and centralized care. Gradually promote the barrier-free transformation of poor and severely disabled families in rural areas. We will implement the second special education promotion plan, take various forms to help disabled children from poor families receive compulsory education, and accelerate the development of special education in non-compulsory education. Asset income poverty alleviation projects should give priority to poor families with disabilities and implement quantitative poverty alleviation with equity of poverty alleviation funds for the disabled.

　　Accelerate the establishment of a "three left-behind" care service system for left-behind children, left-behind women and left-behind elderly people in rural areas, implement the statutory obligations of family support, guardianship and care, and explore the establishment of an information ledger and a regular visit system. Encourage all localities to innovate family pension methods through mutual assistance and the establishment of filial piety funds. We will continue to implement the social service project and speed up the construction of facilities to provide services for special groups such as the elderly, the disabled and the mentally handicapped. Moderately reduce the start-up conditions of national disaster relief emergency response in poverty-stricken areas with vast land and sparsely populated areas.

　　(14) Fight hard for infrastructure construction.

　　Accelerate the action of traffic poverty alleviation, focus on unblocking the main skeleton of road network and improving the coverage of rural roads, and newly rebuild 25,000 kilometers of roads. Focus on the construction of "four good rural roads", realize the task of "two 100%" for township oil roads and village hardened roads one year ahead of schedule, promote the construction of county and village three-level systems, and effectively build, manage, protect and operate rural roads. Accelerate the construction of life-safety protection projects for village roads in poverty-stricken areas, and promote the reasonable widening of rural roads with narrow subgrade and pavement and the reconstruction of dangerous bridges. Expand the coverage of rural passenger transport, and achieve the goal of qualified village bus service by 2020. Continue to promote the upgrading of G227, G215 and other national and provincial trunk highways, and realize the second-class and above highway connections from the city to the county and the third-class and above highway connections from the state to the county. Accelerate the construction of expressways from Ya ‘an to Kangding, Wenchuan to Marcand, Yibin Xinshi to Panzhihua, Mianyang to Jiuzhaigou, newly start the construction of expressways from Marcand to Qinghai Jiuzhi, Xichang to Zhaotong, speed up the preliminary work of Kangding to xinduqiao, Xichang to Shangri-La and strive to start construction as soon as possible, promote the extension of expressways to poor areas, and realize the connection of expressways where state capitals are located in ethnic areas. At the provincial level, the subsidy standard for the national and provincial trunk highway projects to be built in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" of the country and the province will be appropriately raised; Subsidies will be given to the early completion and serious damage of the oil pipeline in the deep poverty-stricken counties, and 10 million yuan will be awarded to each county in the deep poverty-stricken counties to realize the "two 100%" of the township and village.

　　Vigorously promote water conservancy poverty alleviation actions, implement rural drinking water safety consolidation and upgrading projects, and solve the drinking water safety problem of 820,000 poor people; Implement water production supporting projects, add, restore and improve irrigation area of 1.55 million mu, and develop efficient water-saving irrigation area of 760,000 mu, laying a water conservancy foundation for industrial development in poor villages; We implemented water source protection projects, built 21 large and medium-sized water conservancy projects, built 2 small reservoirs, and reinforced 1,404 small and dangerous reservoirs, providing strong water source protection for economic and social development in poverty-stricken areas. The water ecological control project was implemented, 513 kilometers of river courses were comprehensively controlled, and the area of soil erosion control was 997 square kilometers.

　　Solidly promote the power poverty alleviation action, implement the transformation and upgrading of rural power grids in poverty-stricken areas, do a good job in rural power construction management and power supply services in poverty-stricken areas, solve the problems of backward power supply facilities and insufficient power supply capacity, and comprehensively improve the power supply capacity and quality of distribution networks. By 2020, the county power grid will have the same price and equal power supply services.

　　Actively promote the network poverty alleviation action, and promote the five major projects of network coverage, rural e-commerce, information service and network public welfare in depth. Solve the problem that 1,794 poor villages have no access to optical fiber and 1,430 poor villages have no access to 4G networks, and realize that all poor villages have optical fiber or 4G networks. Promote wireless broadband network coverage of key national and provincial roads in deep poverty-stricken counties. We will implement a special campaign to reduce fees in rural areas and promote enterprises to formulate special preferential packages close to the needs of poor users. Encourage telecom enterprises to develop mobile application software and intelligent terminals that help to get rid of poverty accurately.

　　Strengthen the construction of convenience service centers in poverty-stricken counties and towns, and complete the task of reaching the standard in 88 poverty-stricken counties and towns by 2020. Efforts will be made to promote the construction of poverty-stricken new villages, complete the construction of 5,295 poverty-stricken new villages, and simultaneously implement the "three constructions and four reforms" supporting projects and the "1+6" village-level public service system. We will carry out a three-year campaign to improve the rural living environment in poverty-stricken areas, concentrate on solving the problem of dirty and messy rural areas, focus on promoting rural domestic garbage treatment, sewage treatment and toilet renovation, and accelerate the separation of people and animals and village greening. By 2020, 35% of administrative villages will have sewage treatment capacity, meeting the basic requirements of clean and tidy living environment. Accelerate the road construction of Tongcun Group, and basically solve the problems of muddy roads in the village and inconvenient travel for villagers.

　　(15) Fight the tough battle of ecological poverty alleviation.

　　Adhere to ecological priority and green development, innovate ecological poverty alleviation mechanisms, increase ecological protection and restoration in poverty-stricken areas, and achieve a win-win situation in ecological improvement and poverty alleviation. We will promote the protection of natural forest resources, implement a new round of grassland ecological reward and compensation policy, return grazing to grassland, return farmland to forest, return farmland to grassland, comprehensively control rocky desertification, comprehensively control the ecology in arid and semi-arid areas, prevent and control desertification, and comprehensively control geological disasters. We will build 1.05 million mu of public welfare forests, 500,000 mu of the new round of returning farmland to forests, 70 million mu of subsidies for grazing prohibition in natural grasslands, and 142 million mu of rewards for balancing grass and livestock. Priority will be given to eligible poverty-stricken counties to be included in the expansion scope of the provincial wetland ecological compensation pilot. Improve the compensation mechanism for horizontal ecological protection, so that poor counties, poor villages and poor households who protect the ecology can benefit more. Encourage key emission units included in the carbon emission trading market to purchase forestry carbon sinks in poor areas.

　　Timely cash in forest ecological benefit compensation funds, subsidy funds for returning farmland to forests, wetland ecological compensation funds and other funds for benefiting farmers. We will develop 50,000 public welfare posts for ecological rangers and grass controllers. Support the development of ecological poverty alleviation cooperatives such as poverty alleviation and afforestation cooperatives, and attract poor people to participate in sand prevention and control, rocky desertification control, shelter forest construction and reserve forest construction. Explore the trusteeship of natural forests and collective public welfare forests, promote the "cooperative+management and protection+poor households" model, and attract poor people to participate in management and protection. Deepen the reform of collective forest right system in poverty-stricken areas, encourage poor people to share the management right of forest land in afforestation cooperatives, and increase the asset income of poor people. Combined with the pilot system of Giant Panda National Park, we will raise funds through multiple channels to carry out ecological relocation of the indigenous residents who really need to move in the core protected areas and ecological restoration areas of national parks, as well as in the core areas and buffer zones of nature reserves, so as to drive the poor people out of poverty.

　　Implement water pollution control projects, strengthen water source protection and water quality guarantee in poverty-stricken areas, and do a good job in pollution prevention and control such as domestic garbage sewage treatment, centralized drinking water source environmental protection, and livestock and poultry breeding in poverty-stricken areas. Carry out a comprehensive survey of soil pollution and support poor counties to declare soil pollution control and restoration projects. Scientifically delimit the red line of ecological protection in poverty-stricken areas and optimize functional zoning and spatial layout. Support poverty-stricken counties to create provincial-level ecological counties, and support qualified poverty-stricken areas to create national demonstration areas for ecological civilization construction. Support 45 deep poverty-stricken counties to build nature reserves and scenic spots.

　　(sixteen) to fight the tough battle of social poverty alleviation.

　　Deepen and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west and expand exchanges and cooperation in various fields. Actively docking 23 central and national designated poverty alleviation agencies (units) to carry out accurate assistance. Provinces, cities and counties designated poverty alleviation departments (units) give full play to their functional advantages, implement the responsibility of assistance, strengthen their work force, and carry out targeted assistance. The main responsible comrades of designated poverty alleviation units should assume the responsibilities of the first responsible person and regularly study the assistance work. Strengthen the responsibility of the designated poverty alleviation lead unit. Party committees and governments at all levels should establish and improve the assessment and evaluation system linked to the effectiveness of poverty alleviation at designated points and the exit assessment results of poverty alleviation in the aided areas.

　　Strengthen the coordination of poverty alleviation work between the military and the land, and the resident troops actively undertake the task of helping, participate in poverty alleviation actions, and extensively carry out poverty alleviation activities. Help the old revolutionary base areas to strengthen the development of red resources, cultivate and expand the red tourism industry, and drive the poor out of poverty. Actively cultivate leaders who get rid of poverty and become rich among retired soldiers and militia reserve personnel.

　　Actively promote democratic parties, federations of industry and commerce, people’s organizations, universities and research institutes to participate in poverty alleviation, and encourage and guide all kinds of non-public enterprises, social organizations and individuals to participate in poverty alleviation voluntarily by means of orientation or contracting. Do a good job in the work related to poverty alleviation activities carried out by the Hong Kong Poverty Alleviation Association in Sichuan. Vigorously carry out poverty alleviation brand activities such as "Poverty Alleviation-NPC deputies act again", "I do something for poverty alleviation" by CPPCC members, and "All enterprises help all villages" by private enterprises. Continue to carry out the "Glory Walk" activities to improve the effectiveness of precision poverty alleviation. We will extensively carry out social poverty alleviation activities such as "loving peers", "fishing program", "beam project" and "skilled workers". We will implement the pre-tax deduction policy of loan loss reserve accrued by financial institutions for agricultural loans and the pre-tax deduction policy of social poverty alleviation funds for public welfare donations in accordance with the law, and use market-oriented methods to incite more credit funds and social funds to invest in poverty-stricken areas.

　　We will implement a series of action plans for social work professionals to serve poverty-stricken areas, establish a pool of volunteers for poverty alleviation, encourage state organs, enterprises and institutions, people’s organizations and social organizations to set up normalized professional service teams, and promote the institutionalization of volunteer service for poverty alleviation. Accelerate the establishment of a docking mechanism between social organization assistance projects and demand information in poverty-stricken areas, and guide social forces to voluntarily participate in poverty alleviation. Make good use of information platforms such as "China Social Poverty Alleviation Network", intensify market promotion, and expand coverage, participation and influence. Encourage and guide all sectors of society to use products and services in poverty-stricken areas, and promote the integration of poverty-stricken areas and poor households into the big market. Strengthen the guidance and management of social organizations to help the poor, optimize the environment, integrate strength, innovate ways, and improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation. Innovate and carry out the national "October 17" poverty alleviation day in Sichuan every year.

　　(seventeen) to fight poverty alleviation.

　　Adhere to the combination of poverty alleviation and supporting the will and wisdom, and strengthen the cultivation and guidance of good manners in poor areas. We will continue to deepen the education on the theme of "gratitude and forge ahead", run the "farmers’ night school" well, deepen the establishment of demonstration sites of "four good villages", "new homes, new lives and new fashions", and select a number of civilized villages and towns and star-rated civilized households. By 2020, the number of "four good villages" at or above the county level will reach 100%, and 54 new demonstration sites of "new home, new life and new fashion" will be built. Establish and improve the mass participation mechanism, adopt the methods of substituting awards for subsidies, labor subsidies, and work for relief, improve the bidding methods for village public service facilities and ecological construction projects, organize and guide poor people to participate extensively in housing, infrastructure construction, industrial development, public services, etc., and prevent "policy nurturing lazy people" and "welfare trap". We will promote the modes of helping the poor, such as "labor income reward plan", "star incentive" and "villagers’ point system management", and enhance the awareness and ability of the poor people to get rid of poverty independently.

　　Strengthen the construction of rural governance system in poverty-stricken areas, and further promote the integration of national judicial assistance into poverty alleviation. Strengthen the leadership of rural grass-roots party organizations over various rural organizations and work. Vigorously carry out activities to change social customs, give full play to the role of mass organizations such as villagers’ councils, moral councils, red and white councils, anti-drug and gambling associations, and village rules and regulations and residents’ conventions, strengthen special governance on issues such as thick burial, high bride price, and children’s failure to support the elderly, and further promote the key governance actions in Yi area, focusing on drug control and AIDS prevention, changing social customs, hard work and getting rich, and "five washes". We will continue to carry out evaluation activities such as moral models, good people around us, the most beautiful families, experts in getting rich, and models of getting rid of poverty, and educate and guide the poor to carry forward traditional virtues and establish a new style of civilization. Incorporate the credit information in the poverty alleviation field into the provincial social credit information sharing platform, and include those who fail to fulfill their maintenance obligations, falsely report and impersonate poverty alleviation funds, and seriously violate public order and good customs in the list of untrustworthy persons.

　　In-depth implementation of the "Thousand Villages Cultural Poverty Alleviation Action", and solid implementation of the "Cultural Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Village". Accelerate the construction of cultural infrastructure in poor villages, and achieve all the standards of cultural rooms in poor villages by the end of 2019. Every year, 1,933 radio village-to-village projects, 250,000 TV household-to-household projects, 100,000 public welfare movies in rural areas are built, and no less than 3,300 performances for the benefit of the people are organized by literary and art troupes at all levels. We will carry out in-depth cultural, scientific and health activities of "going to the countryside" and "thousands of literary poverty alleviation activities", launch a number of outstanding literary and artistic works that reflect the touching stories of poverty alleviation, increase the supply of cultural products and services on poverty alleviation, and enrich the spiritual and cultural life of poor people.

　　(18) Fight hard to prevent returning to poverty.

　　It is equally important to prevent returning to poverty and continue to attack hard, effectively solve the problem of stable poverty alleviation for those who have been lifted out of poverty, and do a good job in consolidating and upgrading. Maintain the continuity and stability of the poverty alleviation policy during the poverty alleviation period. After the poverty-stricken counties, poor villages and poor households withdraw, in addition to one-off policies such as housing construction, they will continue to give support to those who have been lifted out of poverty, and adhere to the poverty alleviation policy and poverty alleviation projects.

　　Improve the dynamic monitoring mechanism of poverty, establish dynamic monitoring points of poverty at different levels, and do a good job in tracking, monitoring and early warning evaluation of poverty alleviation and return to poverty at regular intervals. Every year, we insist on "looking back" and "looking back for help" for those who have been lifted out of poverty. According to the standards of "two worries, three guarantees" and the principle of "making up for what is lacking", we will make up for the shortcomings in time to ensure that the lifted out of poverty and the annual poverty alleviation targets meet the standards synchronously, and continue to consolidate the effect of accurate poverty alleviation. Where conditions permit, measures should be taken to vigorously support the people who have been lifted out of poverty to become rich and healthy.

　　Coordinate the connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and the relevant support policies for rural revitalization will give priority to poverty-stricken areas, fill the shortcomings of infrastructure and basic public services, and consolidate the results of poverty alleviation through rural revitalization. Do a good job in poverty reduction policy research after 2020.

　　Fourth, increase policy support for the three-year campaign against poverty.

　　(nineteen) increase fiscal and taxation policy support.

　　Adhere to increasing government investment in poverty alleviation and improving the efficiency in the use of funds, improve the investment mechanism for poverty alleviation that matches the task of poverty alleviation and connects with the actual needs of the grassroots, tap the stock, increase the total amount, and continuously increase financial investment to ensure poverty alleviation. The growth rate of provincial financial special poverty alleviation funds is higher than that of central subsidies. We will increase the single-item subsidies for balanced transfer payments in poverty-stricken counties, improve the reward and compensation mechanism for basic financial support in poverty-stricken counties, and enhance the financial support capacity and level of poverty alleviation at county level. Support the city and county governments to arrange general bond funds within the limits approved by the higher authorities, and accelerate the pilot of special bonds that balance the project income and financing. We will further promote the pilot project of overall planning and integration of agriculture-related funds in poverty-stricken counties, give poverty-stricken counties more adequate resource allocation rights, strictly adjust the budget approval management procedures, reform the allocation and management mechanism of agriculture-related funds, and vigorously promote the overall planning and integration models such as "unified allocation of water storage", "learn from each other’s strengths" and "centralized drainage" to ensure accurate planning and accurate project implementation. We will improve the long-term mechanism for the stable supplement of the "four poverty alleviation funds", ensure that the education and health poverty alleviation funds are not less than 3 million yuan per county and the industrial support funds in poor villages are not less than 300,000 yuan per village, and continue to play a special role in solving the practical difficulties and long-term livelihood of the poor.

　　Support all localities to purchase labor services for public welfare posts from poor people who have the ability and willingness to work, and promote the sustained and stable income increase of poor people. Strengthen the normal supervision of poverty alleviation fund projects, establish a county-level poverty alleviation project library, and fully implement the public announcement system for poverty alleviation project funds. Optimize the disbursement and reimbursement process of poverty alleviation funds, promote the accurate poverty alleviation intelligent agent accounting model, and standardize the accounting management of village-level funds. Strengthen the supervision responsibility of the competent authorities to ensure that poverty alleviation funds, especially household-to-person funds, are implemented. Comprehensively strengthen the performance management of various poverty alleviation fund projects, implement the main responsibility of fund users, strengthen the application of evaluation results, and improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation funds.

　　Give full play to the role of tax leverage, and implement the preferential policies of tax support for poverty alleviation according to law, such as enterprise income tax reduction and exemption in western development, enterprise income tax reduction and exemption in ethnic autonomous areas, value-added tax and enterprise income tax reduction and exemption in rural financial development, value-added tax input tax deduction, and enterprise income tax concessions for ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation.

　　(20) Increase financial policy support.

　　Establish and improve a long-term mechanism for financial poverty alleviation, accurately meet the needs of poverty alleviation and diversified financial services, increase support for key areas such as poor households, poverty alleviation industries, infrastructure construction and basic public services in poverty-stricken areas, and ensure that the growth rate of various loans in poverty-stricken counties is significantly higher than the provincial average, and the number of people who have benefited from financial precision poverty alleviation loans (including loans, incentives, services, etc.) continues to grow.

　　Guide banking institutions to implement the "four orders" working mechanism for poverty alleviation, and continuously increase the credit supply to enterprises that promote the employment of poor households and the production and operation of poor households. Increase the tilt of poverty alleviation refinancing in poverty-stricken counties, and strive to make the proportion of poverty alleviation refinancing in poverty-stricken counties higher than the same period of last year. We will implement a certain proportion of new deposits in county-level corporate financial institutions for local loan assessment, implement a lower deposit reserve ratio for eligible financial institutions in accordance with regulations, and guide financial institutions to increase poverty alleviation credit.

　　Further increase the precise support for industrial poverty alleviation, and establish and improve the linkage mechanism and support policies for financial support for industrial development and poverty alleviation. Dock the financial needs of characteristic agricultural bases and demonstration parks in poverty-stricken areas, and support the development of characteristic industries such as green ecological breeding, forest health care, forest grassland tourism and rural tourism. We will improve the host bank system of financial services for new agricultural business entities, vigorously develop industrial chain and supply chain finance such as pledge of orders and warehouse receipts, and promote rural land transfer income guarantee loans, collective forest rights mortgage loans, and large-scale agricultural machinery mortgage loans. Vigorously implement asset income poverty alleviation and expand the pilot scope of "government-borne banks and enterprises" linkage poverty alleviation.

　　We will promote the construction of the credit system in poverty-stricken areas, improve the credit rating system for poor households and new agricultural business entities with the participation of rural grassroots party organizations, first secretaries in villages, rich leaders and financial institutions, and comprehensively carry out the evaluation of "credit users, credit villages and credit towns". Increase financial support for poor households, standardize the management of poverty alleviation microfinance, strive to achieve 100% full coverage of poor households’ ratings, and lend all loans to eligible poor households. Develop poverty alleviation credit products that cover specific groups such as relocated people, returning migrant workers and rural women, promote entrepreneurial employment, follow-up employment skills training for relocation and resettlement, and improve investment income. During the period of getting rid of poverty, under the premise of risk control, we can handle the loan renewal business of poverty alleviation microfinance without repayment of principal, and assist poor households who cannot repay their loans due to non-subjective factors to handle the loan extension business. Strengthen the risk prevention of poverty alleviation credit and support poor areas to improve the risk compensation mechanism.

　　We will explore and improve effective mechanisms and related policies for accurate poverty alleviation through insurance, implement premium subsidies for agricultural insurance and special agricultural insurance awards, support local governments to carry out special breeding insurance with natural disasters, major pests and accidents as insurance liabilities, and encourage local governments to carry out price insurance for pigs, vegetables, fruits, meat, cattle and sheep. Insurance institutions can explore new modes of enterprise-related insurance and innovate and develop exclusive products. Vigorously promote the micro-credit guarantee insurance for poverty alleviation, appropriately reduce the premium standard, improve the coverage of "poverty alleviation insurance" and "benefit farmers insurance", and play the role of insurance protection.

　　Encourage listed companies, securities companies and other market entities to set up or participate in market-oriented industrial investment funds and poverty alleviation public welfare funds in poverty-stricken areas according to laws and regulations. Support enterprises in poverty-stricken areas to list in Tianfu (Sichuan) Joint Equity Exchange Center, exempt from listing fees. Support enterprises in poverty-stricken areas to use multi-level capital markets for financing through "green channels".

　　Guide financial institutions to continue to sink their business outlets in poverty-stricken areas, set up standardized fixed business outlets in blank towns and villages of financial institutions, set up convenient financial service outlets in blank towns and villages that do not have the conditions to set up financial institutions for the time being, provide simple and convenient services such as financial electronic equipment, increase the construction of agricultural aid withdrawal points in poverty-stricken areas, and strive to achieve that basic financial services and comprehensive financial services in poverty-stricken areas do not leave the village.

　　(twenty-one) increase land policy support.

　　Support poverty-stricken areas to prepare village-level land use planning, and tap the potential of optimal land use to boost poverty alleviation. If the construction land in poverty-stricken areas meets the conditions for the revision of the overall land use plan, it shall be reviewed and approved in a timely manner according to the regulations. New construction land plans, increase and decrease linked plans, and reclamation and utilization plans of industrial and mining wasteland are inclined to poor areas. During the poverty alleviation period, 600 mu of new construction land will be specially arranged for each county in the national key poverty alleviation and development counties and poverty-stricken counties in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas, and 150 mu of new construction land will be specially arranged for each county in provincial poverty-stricken counties.

　　The province’s increase or decrease linked indicators give priority to meeting poverty-stricken areas, and eligible poverty-stricken counties can use 30% savings indicators in advance; The increase or decrease of the linked savings index in poverty-stricken areas is allowed to be adjusted and used within the province, and all the proceeds are used for poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Priority will be given to supporting the indicators of the balance of occupation and compensation in poverty-stricken areas into the national overall planning, and all the proceeds will be used to support poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Vigorously support poverty-stricken areas to carry out land consolidation projects, increase cultivated land indicators, and give priority to the transfer and use of the balance after the balance.

　　Optimize the land use approval policy. If the land for ex situ poverty alleviation, relocation and resettlement involves the occupation of basic farmland, the land use pre-examination and formal land use approval shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Ministry of Natural Resources. If the permanent basic farmland of steep slope farmland in poverty-stricken areas is reviewed and approved for returning farmland to forests and grasslands and the amount of cultivated land needs to be reduced, the relevant departments at the provincial level shall actually reduce the amount of cultivated land and the protection index of basic farmland in poverty-stricken counties according to the results of inspection and acceptance and land use change investigation.

　　Innovate land use policies and explore rural collective economic organizations to revitalize idle farmhouses and homesteads by means of leasing and cooperation; Construction land saved through village renovation and homestead consolidation is allowed to take the form of shareholding and joint venture, with emphasis on supporting the integrated development of rural leisure, tourism and pension industries and rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　(twenty-two) to increase talent policy support.

　　Every year, we introduce a group of urgently needed talents, train a group of local practical talents, assist a group of professional and technical talents, and demonstrate and drive all kinds of talents to participate in poverty alleviation. Relying on the "Thousand Talents Plan" and "Tianfu High-end Talent Introduction Plan", 2,000 innovative and entrepreneurial talents are introduced flexibly every year; Make good use of the talent introduction policy in living poverty-stricken areas and support the introduction of 2000 master’s, doctoral and senior professional and technical talents every year. Every year, 2,000 professionals in planning and construction, education and health, cultural tourism, etc. are sent from poverty-stricken areas to carry out order-based training; We will implement the "four major projects" of rotation training for leaders of new agricultural business entities, cultivation of new professional farmers, entrepreneurship training for migrant workers returning to their hometowns, and promotion of agricultural technology extension personnel to train a number of rich leaders.

　　We will carry out thousands of experts to serve the grassroots, and the number of experts serving the grassroots in the province will remain around 1,000 all the year round. Relying on the poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west, the action of thousands of cadres and talents to aid Tibet and Yi, and the special plan for scientific and technical personnel of the "Three Districts" talent support plan, 5,000 professional and technical talents are sent to poor areas every year to carry out intellectual services and technical assistance, and the "one-on-one" assistance between universities, scientific research institutes, medical and health institutions, state-owned enterprises and poor counties in the province is promoted as a whole.

　　A technical expert group for industrial poverty alleviation will be established by the county, and various agricultural colleges and research institutes will set up technical teams for industrial poverty alleviation, focusing on providing technical services to poor villages and poor households. Establish a pairing service relationship between science and technology commissioners and poor villages, and realize the full coverage of science and technology services and entrepreneurship driven by science and technology commissioners in poor villages. Support the government to purchase agricultural technology extension services.

　　Strengthen the support of the policy of attracting and retaining talents, fully implement policies such as encouraging college students to work at the grassroots level, encouraging education and health talents to flow to the grassroots level, and strengthening the construction of grassroots professional and technical talents, and implement special flexible policies in talent recruitment, post management, professional title evaluation, and incentives. In the recruitment of county and township civil servants in poverty-stricken areas, it is necessary to intensify efforts to recruit civil servants from college student village officials, "three supports and one support", volunteers for the western plan and other service grassroots project personnel, and recruit township civil servants from outstanding village cadres in poverty-stricken areas.

　　For county and township cadres who are struggling to get rid of poverty, we should implement policies such as subsidies for Tianjin and revolving houses to improve working conditions. Give timely pensions to the cadres who died in the line of duty in the fight against poverty and the families of grassroots party member, and provide long-term help and condolences. We will fully implement the remuneration package for poor village cadres and the living allowance for normal outgoing village cadres. Give praise and promote and reuse to poverty alleviation cadres and grassroots cadres who have done excellent work and performed well in tackling poverty and are recognized by the masses.

　　Five, strengthen the organizational guarantee of the three-year action against poverty.

　　(twenty-three) to strengthen organizational leadership.

　　Strengthen the working mechanism of taking overall responsibility for poverty alleviation and implementing it in cities and counties. The overall responsibility of the province lies in translating the major policies of the CPC Central Committee into implementation plans and strengthening guidance and supervision. In order to implement the plan, cities and counties should proceed from local conditions, make overall plans for schedule, project landing, capital use, manpower deployment, and implementation, so as to promote the policies and measures for tackling poverty to take root.

　　The provincial leading group for poverty alleviation should break down the poverty alleviation targets and tasks of all localities into years and implement them to people. Relevant departments at the provincial level should formulate and improve supporting policies and measures, materialize and refine the three-year action plan, and do a good job in organizing and implementing it. The member units of the provincial leading group for poverty alleviation report to the provincial party Committee and the provincial government on the work of poverty alleviation in this department (unit) every year.

　　Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen political responsibility, responsibility and action consciousness, establish and implement accounts, and compact the responsibility of poverty alleviation. City (state) party committees and governments should study poverty alleviation at least once every quarter, and poverty-stricken county party committees and governments should study poverty alleviation at least once a month. Party and government posts in poverty-stricken counties should have at least five working days for poverty alleviation every month. Strictly implement the policies and regulations of the central and provincial committees on maintaining the stability of party and government posts in poverty-stricken counties and the relevant requirements for the adjustment of party and government posts in cities (States) in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. During the period of tackling poverty, the party and government posts in poverty-stricken counties with outstanding performance and outstanding performance can be promoted to the next level of leadership positions, but they should continue to hold their current positions and focus on tackling poverty. Timely replacement of incompetent and firm accountability for fraud.

　　We will continue to select outstanding young cadres from provincial organs and municipal organs to serve as full-time deputy secretaries of poverty-stricken counties, deputy secretaries of party and government leading bodies, deputy secretaries of township party committees and municipal (state) departments, with strong township party and government posts, and earnestly strengthen grassroots leadership. Industry departments at all levels should strengthen the allocation of industry policies, funds, projects, manpower and other resources, give priority to ensuring poverty alleviation, and strengthen guidance services for grassroots frontline poverty alleviation. During the period of tackling poverty, poverty alleviation cadres in industry departments and designated poverty alleviation cadres should remain stable according to policies and regulations, and those who are incompetent should be adjusted in time.

　　(24) Strengthen precise management.

　　Further strengthen the work of filing and establishing cards, improve the quality of accurate identification, improve the dynamic management mechanism, eliminate unqualified poor people, timely include qualified poor people and returning poor people who are left out, and classify and identify the industries to help the poor. Carry out special evaluation and inspection of filing cards to ensure that progress should be made and assistance should be given. Strengthen the information management of poverty alleviation and development, upgrade and improve the function of the big data platform for poverty alleviation, do a good job of effective docking with the information data ports of relevant industries, and build a modern information management system for poverty alleviation in the province that is integrated and shared. Improve the poverty-stricken population statistical monitoring system, strengthen the connection between the poverty-stricken population’s filing data and the rural poverty statistical monitoring data, and gradually form a poverty monitoring system with unified indicators and standardized projects.

　　Strengthen the acceptance management of poverty alleviation, strictly implement the standards and procedures for poverty alleviation, and standardize the implementation of poverty-stricken counties, poverty-stricken villages and poor people. Establish a responsibility system for poverty alleviation and exit acceptance, implement "who accepts, who signs and who is responsible", and strengthen the responsibility of industry departments to identify poverty alleviation and exit standards.

　　Strengthen the quality management of poverty alleviation, build a poverty alleviation account for the poor, and cooperate with the national poverty alleviation census to ensure that the results of poverty alleviation are true and recognized by the masses.

　　(twenty-five) to strengthen the grassroots foundation.

　　In-depth promotion of party building to promote poverty alleviation, implementation of grassroots party building quality improvement projects, promotion of urban and rural party building and joint construction, continuous rectification of weak and lax grassroots party organizations, and grasping party building to promote poverty alleviation as the key content of county and township party Committee secretaries’ debriefing and evaluation of grassroots party building work.

　　We will promote the "100,000 village-level reserve cadres training project" and reserve two or more village-level reserve cadres aged around 35 with high school education or above for each poor village. We will implement the overall optimization and promotion of rural leaders, and pay attention to training and selecting village party secretary from the village rich experts, migrant workers and entrepreneurs, and university student village officials. If there are no suitable personnel in the village, they will be appointed from the public officials of county and township organs. To study and formulate measures for the administration of public officials returning to their hometowns that meet the requirements.

　　Strengthen the management of "Five Ones" in poor villages and "Three Ones" in non-poor villages, implement incentive and safeguard measures, and send the best supporting forces to the places that need to be tackled most. Strengthen the follow-up management of the resident team, adhere to the adjustment of the recall system, and solve the problems of poor selection, lax management, false style of work, and poor guarantee. Dispatching units should strictly implement the requirements of bundling projects, funds and responsibilities, and increase support.

　　We will implement the party member Precision Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Project and the "Rural Family Talents Training Plan" and promote the poverty alleviation model of "strong villages with weak villages and cross-village joint construction". Vigorously guide and support poor villages to develop collective economy, strengthen the system construction and democratic management of collective economy, establish and improve the financial management, income distribution and accumulation mechanism of village-level collective economy, and enhance the self-development, self-service and self-management capabilities of poor villages.

　　Full implementation of the village "two committees" joint meeting, "four discussions and two openness" and village supervision and other work systems. We will improve the fund guarantee system for the operation of village-level organizations in poverty-stricken areas, build and make good use of the venues for village-level organizations, accelerate the construction of "five small" and revolving houses in towns and villages in deep poverty-stricken areas, and realize that people are in charge, have money to do things, and have places to discuss.

　　(twenty-six) to strengthen supervision and evaluation.

　　Coordinate various inspection activities such as inspection and inspection, law enforcement inspection, democratic supervision and social supervision. Special inspections were carried out by industry, unannounced visits were intensified, and the problems found were supervised and rectified. Establish a "negative list" and "listing and selling number" system to tackle poverty, as an important basis for annual assessment.

　　Give play to the role of assessment "baton", adhere to the combination of annual assessment and daily assessment, and strictly carry out the effectiveness assessment of poverty alleviation work of city and county party committees and governments, special poverty alleviation assessment, designated poverty alleviation assessment and counterpart assistance assessment in the province. Strengthen the assessment of the county party secretary’s work of getting rid of poverty and focus on giving full play to the positive incentive role of the assessment. To further improve the assessment indicators, the indicators beyond the "two worries and three guarantees" shall be eliminated or not used as hard indicators, and repeated assessment, multi-head assessment and hitchhiking assessment are strictly prohibited; Improve the third-party assessment methods, simplify procedures, and streamline the survey contents and indicators. Cities and counties may not organize third-party assessments without approval.

　　Establish a normalized interview system for poverty alleviation, and interview at any time when problems are found, and interview the principal and deputy party and government officials in charge of cities and counties who violate the binding regulations of poverty-stricken counties, the poverty exit regulations and fraud, engage in "digital poverty alleviation", violate the regulations on the management and use of poverty alleviation funds, fail to complete the annual poverty reduction plan tasks, and discipline inspection and supervision, auditing and social supervision find that violations may have adverse consequences or influences.

　　(twenty-seven) strengthen publicity and training.

　　Thoroughly study and publicize the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on poverty alleviation, organize publicity, discussion and essay writing activities, and unify thoughts and actions with the decision-making and deployment of the central, provincial and provincial governments to tackle poverty. Fully coordinate and mobilize all kinds of propaganda resources, make overall use of traditional media and emerging media, comprehensively, accurately, solidly and deeply carry out news propaganda on poverty alleviation, and organize advanced models of poverty alleviation in different regions and levels to carry out roving propaganda. Make "understanding cards" and "pocket books", set up "literary propaganda teams", go to villages and households to carry out publicity and publicity, vigorously publicize policies and measures to get rid of poverty and strive for the understanding and support of the poor. Do a good job in summarizing and popularizing poverty alleviation experience, and select a number of advanced models of poverty alleviation, a number of advanced models of helping, a number of advanced models of poverty alleviation systems, and a number of successful cases of precision poverty alleviation. We will improve the honor mechanism for tackling poverty and regularly organize the selection and commendation activities for the Poverty Alleviation Award. Summarize and refine the spirit of poverty alleviation in a timely manner.

　　Organize the training of poverty alleviation cadres in different levels and categories, and ensure that the main responsible comrades and poverty alleviation system cadres in poverty-stricken areas will be trained in rotation at least once in three years. At the provincial level, it mainly trains members of the party and government teams in cities and counties in deep poverty-stricken areas, at the municipal level, it mainly trains heads of relevant departments directly under the municipal government and township cadres, and at the county level, it mainly trains heads of relevant departments directly under the county government and village cadres. For leading cadres at or above the county level, the key point is to improve their ideological understanding through training, guide the establishment of a correct view of political achievements, master the methodology of accurate poverty alleviation, and enhance their ability to study and solve difficult problems. For grassroots cadres, the key point is to improve their actual combat ability and enhance their skills in precision poverty alleviation by adopting practical training methods such as case teaching and on-site teaching. Intensify the training of poor village cadres, complete the training courses in counties with caps removed and villages withdrawn, and train the village party secretary in rotation once a year. All localities and departments should take various forms to carry out training for cadres in villages and poverty alleviation cadres in industries.

　　(twenty-eight) to strengthen the work style construction.

　　Deepen the special governance of "3+X" outstanding problems in the field of poverty alleviation. Adhere to the work style construction throughout the whole process of poverty alleviation, continue to carry out special treatment of corruption and work style problems in poverty alleviation, and establish and improve the reporting and tracing system, the clue transfer system, the notification and exposure system and the accountability system. Focus on corruption and work style in the field of poverty alleviation, concentrate on solving outstanding problems such as insufficient "four consciousnesses", inadequate implementation of responsibilities, inaccurate work measures, irregular management and use of funds, unsound work style, and lax assessment and evaluation, and ensure obvious results. Resolutely investigate and deal with the problems of the Party Central Committee’s decision-making and deployment of poverty alleviation, fraud, and failure to implement the main responsibility, functional responsibility, and regulatory responsibility. Strengthen warning education and focus on exposing typical cases in the field of poverty alleviation investigated and dealt with by discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels.

　　Five-level secretaries visited poor people, provincial party committee secretaries visited poor counties, city (state) party committee secretaries visited towns and villages with heavy tasks to tackle poverty, county (city, district) party committee secretaries visited poor villages, township party committee secretaries and village party organization secretaries visited poor households, observed people’s feelings, looked at the facts, changed their style of work, and found, analyzed and solved problems.

　　We will implement the measures of "cutting the complexity and simplifying" and "eight prohibitions" to tackle poverty, streamline meetings, documents, filling out forms, wall charts, etc. to the greatest extent, and it is strictly forbidden to accompany people at all levels in poverty alleviation research activities and specially make exhibition boards and atlases to effectively reduce the burden on the grassroots. Strengthen the special audit and performance evaluation of poverty alleviation funds, discipline inspection, auditing, finance, poverty alleviation and other departments jointly carry out the inspection, auditing and inspection of poverty alleviation project funds, and seriously investigate and deal with corruption, misappropriation, interception of private parts, false reporting, and looting of poverty alleviation funds. We will carry out special management of the "one card" management of financial subsidy funds for benefiting the people and farmers, so as to help the poor in a clean and honest manner and get rid of poverty in the sunshine.

　　(29) Strengthen risk prevention.

　　Guard against the market risks of industrial poverty alleviation, and prevent industrial projects from blindly following the trend and causing losses due to failure across the board. All localities should evaluate the technical and market risks faced by leading industries in poverty alleviation, and formulate countermeasures to prevent and deal with risks. We will guard against the risk of repayment of poverty alleviation micro-loans and correct problems such as illegal use of loans by households and enterprises and illegal use of funds. We will guard against aggravating the debt risk of local governments, prevent local governments from blindly borrowing in the name of poverty alleviation, prevent financial institutions from providing financing in violation of laws and regulations in the name of supporting poverty alleviation, and resolutely curb the increase in hidden debts of local governments.

　　

　　The the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference held a few days ago emphasized that "consumption should play a leading role in the economic cycle", which is an important work deployed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the economic situation. In connection with the "Opinions on Further Releasing Consumption Potential and Promoting Sustainable Recovery of Consumption" issued by the General Office of the State Council not long ago, 20 key measures in five aspects were put forward. The "combination boxing" to promote consumption in order to consolidate and develop the market of more than 1.4 billion people has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad.

　　From the perspective of national economic operation, consumption has a lasting driving force for economic development, is an important engine to smooth the domestic cycle, and is also a key link to form a higher level dynamic balance between demand and supply, which is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Judging from the current economic situation in China, the triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening have not changed, and some unfavorable factors are still evolving in a complicated way, and the new downward pressure has further increased. In the face of the situation, tasks and severe tests, we should not only have a full understanding, but also have countermeasures. It is undoubtedly crucial to do everything possible and comprehensively implement policies to release consumption potential and promote sustained recovery of consumption.

　　Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in 2021, the contribution rate of China’s final consumption expenditure growth to economic growth is 65.4%, which is higher than the contribution rate of total capital formation, and it is the main driving force for the stable recovery of the national economy, and the "ballast stone" role of consumption is prominent. In the first quarter of this year, thanks to the transformation and upgrading of traditional consumption, the release of new consumption potential and the strong "blood supplement" of online consumption, the overall market sales maintained steady growth. However, since March, domestic epidemics have occurred frequently, which has had a great impact on the consumer market. In March, the total retail sales of social consumer goods decreased by 3.5% year-on-year. Residents’ trips have been significantly reduced, and contact and aggregate consumption have been greatly affected. The foundation for sustained recovery of consumption still needs to be consolidated.

　　Among the key measures put forward in the Opinions, the first one is "increasing efforts to help enterprises bail out the difficulties around the main body of the insurance market", which is a key to promoting the orderly recovery and development of consumption and thus stabilizing the basic economic disk. As the COVID-19 epidemic directly impacts the consumer, small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, it has a great impact on low-income groups and basic people’s livelihood. At present, there are more than 150 million market players in China, carrying hundreds of millions of people to find jobs and start businesses. If you keep the market players, you can keep employment; If there is employment, there will be income and consumption, which will promote economic growth. The central and local governments have introduced relief measures such as tax reduction and fee reduction, and deferred payment of social insurance premiums. Some related companies such as take-away platforms have also responded positively, helping small and medium-sized businesses tide over the difficulties by reducing commissions.

　　Practice shows that reducing taxes and fees is a direct and effective way to help enterprises get rid of difficulties. All localities should, in light of the actual situation, introduce effective measures such as tax reduction and exemption according to law, so that the intensity of tax reduction and fee reduction will only increase, so as to stabilize market expectations. In addition, the financial system should also make profits to the real economy by reducing interest rates, reducing fees and other measures, and provide financing support to enterprises in industries seriously affected by the epidemic to avoid industrial loan restriction, loan withdrawal and loan suspension.

　　Stabilizing consumption growth and promoting consumption upgrading is a systematic project. Doing a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of basic consumer goods, promoting the upgrading of physical consumption, continuously expanding cultural tourism consumption, fully tapping the consumption potential of counties and towns, reasonably increasing public consumption, and creating a safe, secure and honest consumption environment are all important tasks to increase the weight of consumption.

　　It should be noted that the impact of the epidemic on consumption is phased. With the effective control of the epidemic and the gradual emergence of policy effects, the normal economic order will be quickly restored and consumption will gradually pick up. China has a population of more than 1.4 billion, the largest domestic market with middle-income groups in the world, and the policy support and work deployment with both far and near, and the fundamentals of long-term positive consumption will not change. We should have full confidence in this. (This article Source: Economic Daily Author: Jin Guanping)

CCTV News:Another feature of Mid-Autumn Festival tourism this year is that cultural leisure tourism is favored. All localities combine the activation of intangible heritage with immersive experience to improve people’s sense of participation and identity with intangible heritage. Many places have also launched theme tourist routes such as Mid-Autumn Festival custom experience, attracting a large number of tourists. According to the data of special survey in china tourism academy, 94.1% of tourists participated in cultural leisure during holidays, and 24.8%, 35.6% and 25.6% visited historical and cultural blocks, museums, art galleries and art galleries respectively.

Traditional culture stimulates the consumption of cultural tourism in Mid-Autumn Festival holiday.

In flying tigers Scenic Area, Zaozhuang, Shandong, a group of children, dressed in Hanfu, listened to the historical story of wickerwork’s craft, made strips with straw ropes by themselves, and wound them around wicker baskets ring by ring, patiently weaving a beautiful yearning for the future.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday, in Shanghai Haichang Ocean Park, a round of "bright moon" rippled in the water. Professional synchronized swimmers dressed in ancient costumes performed a series of underwater "the Goddess Chang’e flying to the moon" cultural feasts for the audience. In addition to "the Goddess Chang’e flying to the moon", there is also a cruise full of national trends, which attracts many tourists.

Characteristic cultural activities promote "night economy"

In addition to traditional cultural tourism, immersive moon viewing has also brought fire to urban night tours. Night tourism projects such as theme park night tours, river night tours and city night sightseeing have attracted many tourists.

According to the special survey data of china tourism academy, 29.3% of tourists experienced night tours during the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday.

Only after handing over the best mid-year report in history, BYD (002594.SZ) immediately encountered the test of investor confidence by Buffett’s reduction.

Since 2022, BYD’s various businesses have generally been "opened". In terms of new energy vehicles, sales exceeded 100,000 vehicles for five consecutive months, and surpassed Tesla to top the global sales in the first half of 2022. At the same time, the installed capacity of power batteries has steadily increased. In May, it surpassed LG in the installed capacity ranking of global power battery enterprises and became the second in the world.

Under the blessing of two ace businesses and high market valuation, BYD ushered in an unexpected but unexpected Davis double click — — On June 10th, BYD’s total market value successfully exceeded one trillion, becoming the first domestic automobile brand with a market value exceeding one trillion.

But there were Ning Wang and Tesla before, followed by Wei Xiaoli. Can the trillion "Diwang" take the lead in the increasingly white-hot global new energy vehicle war and bring more imagination beyond the valuation of nearly 300 times?

Berkshire’s answer now seems to be no: for the first time in 14 years, it reduced its holdings by more than 6 million shares. There are still 219 million shares in hand, will the market outlook continue to cash out? This makes the market quite a bit floating.

Go back to the basic disk. BYD has been building its own winning weapon for many years — — The industrial chain layout and vertically integrated business structure have made it frequently criticized, and now it is highly respected and has become "the only company that has completely withstood the blockade, chip shortage and rising raw material prices".

After the profit turning point, whether BYD’s whole industrial chain layout can escort and promote its sustained high growth, and how unique industrial ecological landscape will be generated, this paper will deconstruct and analyze its two main businesses, new energy vehicles and power batteries, and find out.

The full text is long, mainly from the following aspects:

New energy vehicle business

1.1 Upstream chip: self-core-made, and it has become the power semiconductor faucet of domestic vehicle specifications.

1.2 Mid-stream auto parts: Can the "Foday System" be both internal and external?

1.3 intelligent mid-stream vehicles: self-research capability needs to be improved.

1.4 Downstream production base: The layout quantity is relatively advanced.

Second, the power battery business

2.1 upstream lithium ore and raw materials: self-production and equity participation.

2.2 Battery technology and key equipment are independently developed.

2.3 layout power battery recycling, trying to solve the demand for raw materials.

2.4 The production capacity continued to expand, adding multiple production bases.

I. New energy vehicle business

Cars are undoubtedly BYD’s most profitable business segment.

In the first half of 2022, BYD sold 646,400 vehicles, up 162.03% year-on-year, of which 638,200 were new energy passenger vehicles, up 324.84% year-on-year, and the domestic market share reached 24.7%, up over 7.5 percentage points from 2021.

In terms of revenue, in the first half of 2022, the proportion of automobiles, related products and other products in total revenue increased from 52.20% in the first half of 2021 to 72.55% in the first half of 2022, achieving revenue of 109.267 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 130.31%.

In terms of profit, BYD ended the situation of increasing income without increasing profit. In the first half of the year, it realized a net profit of 3.029 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 721.72%.

"BYD has a high configuration and a low price, so it sells well. After its market share is stable, it will gradually raise prices and its profitability will improve." A new energy fund manager said that the complete industrial chain layout has also promoted BYD’s profitability.

Wang Chuanfu once said that foreign suppliers despises new independent brands and can only rely on themselves at first. It is both a challenge and an opportunity. It is from the initial forced "self-production and self-supply" that BYD has stepped forward to the present.

1.1 Upstream chip: self-core-made, and it has become the power semiconductor faucet of domestic vehicle specifications.

In 2002, BYD set up the integrated circuit design department, which started almost simultaneously with its plan to build cars and batteries. In 2004, IT officially entered the field of microelectronics and optoelectronics in the IT industry, and BYD Microelectronics was established, which was later BYD Semiconductor. Recently, BYD Semiconductor has submitted a prospectus to Shenzhen Stock Exchange, intending to be listed on GEM.

BYD has been developing its own chips for 20 years, and now it has become the largest power semiconductor IDM enterprise in China. According to BYD Semiconductor’s prospectus, the company’s main business is divided into five sectors: power semiconductor, intelligent control IC, intelligent sensor, photoelectric semiconductor, manufacturing and service, and the revenue in 2021 accounts for 43.22%, 13.46%, 19.25%, 18.69% and 5.38% respectively.

Among them, the power semiconductor business with the largest proportion of revenue mainly adopts IDM business model, and has formed a complete industrial chain including chip design, wafer manufacturing, module packaging and testing, and system-level application testing. The products mainly include IGBT chips, FRD chips, IGBT modules, IGBT single tubes, IPM modules, SiC modules, etc., which are applied to new energy vehicles and other fields.

BYD Semiconductor has set up an IGBT R&D team since 2005. IGBT can convert direct current into alternating current, which is an indispensable device for new energy vehicles. At present, the company’s vehicle-class IGBT module has matched BYD’s new energy vehicles, and the total shipment volume ranks first in China, breaking the monopoly of overseas manufacturers.

At the same time, BYD Semiconductor is also the first power semiconductor enterprise in the world and the only one in China to realize the large-scale loading of SiC three-phase full-bridge modules in motor drive controllers of new energy vehicles. It has broken through technical problems such as high-temperature packaging materials, long-life interconnection design, high heat dissipation design and vehicle regulation level verification, and realized the large-scale application of SiC modules in high-end models of new energy vehicles.

Intelligent control IC products include MCU chip, power IC and BMSAFE chip. At present, Fabless business model is mainly adopted.

In the field of vehicle regulation MCU, BYD Semiconductor is also the first echelon in China. The company’s car-level 8-bit MCU chip has been mass-produced since 2018, and is mainly used in automotive electronic control scenes such as car lights and car buttons; The 32-bit MCU chip of vehicle regulation level is designed according to the requirements of ISO26262 safety level standard, and it integrates various communication modules, which can be applied to automotive electronic control scenes such as electric windows, electric seats, wipers, lights and instruments.

Wang Chuanfu once said that the electrification of automobiles has brought about great changes that have never happened in a hundred years, and the industrial supply chain system is bound to be reconstructed. "In the field of semiconductors, the demand for semiconductors in electric vehicles is 5-10 times higher than that in traditional vehicles. Electric cars are in the first half, smart cars are in the second half, and smart cars have greater demand for semiconductors. "

However, there are only a handful of car companies that make their own chips. After all, the research and development cycle is long and the investment is large, which is not cost-effective, especially the IDM model with heavy asset investment.

In the tide of core shortage that swept the world in the past two years, automobile chips were in the most shortage, especially the power semiconductor of automobile gauge and MCU in vehicle. The advantages of BYD’s self-made chips were fully reflected.

Can BYD Semiconductor supply in bulk to other car manufacturers in the future? At present, in addition to supplying BYD Group, its vehicle-grade power semiconductor products have entered the supply systems of manufacturers such as Xiaokang Automobile, Yutong Automobile, Foton Motor, Ruiling, Beijing Times, Invigorate, Blue Ocean Huateng and Huichuan Technology, but in 2021, the revenue from BYD Group still accounted for more than 60%.

1.2 Mid-stream auto parts: Can the "Foday System" be both internal and external?

"BYD’s overall supply chain was relatively weak during the epidemic. Some core components were done by its own business department, and the control of the supply chain was relatively in place." A new energy analyst of a brokerage recently said in an interview with CBN.

In March 2022, BYD launched an independent Foday brand and officially announced the establishment of Foday Company. The company has operational autonomy and the core components of new energy are sold to the outside world.

According to Wang Chuanfu, as a sub-brand of BYD, Foday Department is a complete auto parts supporting system, which is an inevitable choice for BYD after years of vertical integration. After the split, it will be priced according to the market-oriented mechanism to form a profit center.

On the one hand, Foday Company guarantees the safety of BYD’s industrial chain, on the other hand, it can broaden the company’s growth space through external supply, which is expected to open a second growth curve in the field of auto parts.

Up to now, BYD has five auto parts companies: Foday Mould, Foday Power, Foday Battery, Foday Technology and Foday Vision, and through these five companies, it has realized self-supply in the fields of power battery, electric drive system, electric vehicle platform, thermal management system, lighting system and battery management system.

In terms of batteries, since 2020, Foday Battery has established a number of "Foday Department" battery companies.

From Bengbu Fudi Battery Co., Ltd. in 2020 to Wuwei, Yancheng, Jinan, Shaoxing, Chuzhou, Fuzhou Fudi Battery Co., Ltd. and Chongqing Fudi Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd. in 2021, and then to Xiangyang, Taizhou, Nanning, and Guangxi Fudi Battery Co., Ltd. in 2022, the total number is more than ten.

In February 2022, the power battery project of FAW Fudi New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., which was jointly registered by China FAW Group and BYD, officially started. With a total investment of 13.5 billion yuan, the project can meet the configuration requirements of 600,000 electric vehicles every year after it is completed and put into operation, and realize an annual output value of more than 20 billion yuan.

In terms of electric drive, in March 2022, Skyworth Motor released the Skyworth HT-i model. Some insiders said that the Skyworth HT-i model adopted the HT-i system developed by Foday Power and Skyworth, and the HT-i system was tailored for Skyworth Motor.

As early as 2019, BYD released the "BYD New Energy Vehicle Parts Selection Manual", which externally supplied core components such as powertrain, motor, electronic control and power supply.

1.3 intelligent mid-stream vehicles: self-research capability needs to be improved.

BYD, which started from the traditional manufacturing industry, did not have the conditions to impact the high-end in the era of fuel vehicles. With the advent of the intelligent era, BYD’s self-research and foreign cooperation were driven by both, and it got the tickets for the second half in advance.

Yang Dongsheng, vice president of BYD and president of Product Planning and Automotive New Technology Research Institute, once said that the core of automotive intelligence lies in the intelligent cockpit. After three years of development, BYD’s DiLink system applied to the intelligent cockpit has launched version 4.0 in 2021.

Previously, in the second half of 2020, BYD Intelligent Networking Center also released DiPilot, an advanced intelligent driving assistance system for automobiles, for the first time, which includes DiDAS intelligent assistance technology and DiTrainer coaching mode.

At present, BYD’s main subsidiary, Foday Technology, is engaged in research related to intelligent cockpit, ADAS and vehicle networking. The specific products include multimedia systems, blind spot monitoring systems, automatic parking, panoramic images and intelligent forward-looking. At the same time, Foday Seiko has relevant layout in smart car, and its specific products are lighting combination headlights and rear lights, rearview mirrors, indoor and outdoor photo lamps, etc. In addition, the Automotive Smart Ecology Research Institute is engaged in the research and development of open smart car platforms, smart customer relationships and smart car applications.

However, compared with electrification, BYD’s intelligent self-research ability needs to be improved.

"It is difficult for BYD to make breakthroughs in intelligent driving and software systems. Now it is basically the world of Huawei and several foreign players." The above fund manager said. There are even more extreme voices saying that BYD’s shortcomings in the direction of intelligence are as obvious as its advantages in electrification.

Among them, hardware configuration and OTA (over-the-air download technology) are the main gaps between BYD and the new car-making forces.

The Qualcomm Snapdragon SM6350 chip used in BYD DiLink 4.0 platform is a mid-to high-end processor, while the mainstream cockpit chips of Tucki P5, Weilai ET7 and ET5 all use Qualcomm Snapdragon SA8155P chip. SA8155P chip is the top-level chip in Qualcomm, and it is in the first echelon in the automotive chip industry. At the same time, BYD has also faced problems such as upgrade trouble and poor user experience in OTA.

Judging from the layout of BYD’s R&D, it seems that the company really prefers electrification. In 2021, BYD’s R&D investment reached 10.63 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.20%. The projects involved mainly included blade battery technology, energy storage products (BMS-active) and DM-i super hybrid.

How will BYD handle itself in terms of intelligence?

At the same time of self-research, BYD chose to strengthen cooperation with the outside world in an effort to make up for the shortcomings of the industrial chain.

In 2018, BYD and Baidu Apollo signed cooperation agreements related to new energy vehicles, driverless technology and vehicle asset sharing operations.

In 2019, BYD signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Huawei, and BYD Han was equipped with Huawei HiCar；; In March 2021, the company strategically invested in Horizon, an automotive smart chip enterprise; In November 2021, Momenta, a company related to autopilot software, established a joint venture company "Dipai Zhixing" for high-level autopilot layout; In December 2021, it reached a strategic cooperation agreement with sagitar Juchuang (mainly engaged in intelligent lidar system), and officially led sagitar Juchuang in February 2022. In February 2022, Baidu was selected as the supplier of intelligent driving system; In March of the same year, it reached a cooperation with NVIDIA, and it is planned to install NVIDIA DRIVEHyperion platform on some vehicles in the first half of 2023 to realize a higher level of intelligent driving function.

1.4 Downstream production base: the layout quantity is relatively advanced.

In April 2022, when the epidemic was serious, BYD’s pure electric and plug-in hybrid products were ranked first in the sales of passenger car brands.

The reason why BYD’s sales volume can ride the dust, in addition to the materials needed for self-supply, the widely distributed production base also contributed.

Compared with enterprises such as Weilai, Ideality and Tesla, which have only one production base in China, BYD has built four automobile production bases in Shenzhen, Xi ‘an, Changsha and Changzhou. In June 2022, the first complete vehicle Qin PLUSDM-i of BYD Hefei Base Phase I was successfully rolled off the assembly line, and five other factories, including Fuzhou, were under construction. This means that once there is an emergency, BYD can minimize the risk of downtime.

According to the data of China Investment Network, as of May 2022, BYD’s annual production capacity has reached 1.3 million vehicles, and it is expected to reach 3.4 million vehicles in 2022. With the steady implementation of mass production plans of some factories, the vehicle production capacity will reach 4.05 million vehicles in 2023, and the scale effect will be further revealed.

It is reported that at present, BYD’s four bases in Jinan, Hefei, Zhengzhou and Shenshan all adopt the mode of "parts+whole vehicle", which can predict in advance to reduce the accumulation of parts and spare parts and reduce the stocking cost as much as possible.

Second, the power battery business

The struggle between Ferrous lithium phosphate and Sanyuan never stopped. Wang Chuanfu, who has worked with batteries for decades, insists that BYD can only find a way out in China and the world if it is Ferrous lithium phosphate. Despite the twists and turns, BYD finally won back the main battlefield of lithium iron phosphate battery with its high-performance blade battery.

According to the data of China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, with the accelerated loading of blade batteries, the installed capacity of BYD power batteries increased from 16.2% in 2021 to 22.25% in the first seven months of 2022.

However, the financial report shows that in 2021, BYD’s secondary charging and photovoltaic business (including power battery business) achieved revenue of 16.471 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 36.72%; The gross profit margin was 11.94%, down 8.22 percentage points year-on-year.

To say who is holding back the profitability of power batteries, the high probability is the lithium mine whose price is "constantly rising". BYD’s power battery business has undoubtedly faced the challenge of high raw material prices since 2021. In fact, in order to stabilize the supply chain and control the battery cost, BYD has been trying to enter the upstream lithium mine field in recent years, and at the same time, it has intensified its efforts to lay out the middle-stream lithium battery equipment, downstream power battery recycling and other businesses.

2.1 upstream lithium ore and raw materials: self-production and equity participation.

In March, 2022, Wang Chuanfu said at the committee of 100 Forum on Electric Vehicles in China that the soaring price of battery raw materials was a challenge that the industry needed to overcome. He suggested that the layout and production capacity of lithium carbonate resources should be comprehensively sorted out, the domestic mining volume and foreign imports should be increased, and the price expectation should be stabilized.

BYD mainly arranges lithium resources by investing in lithium resource enterprises, establishing joint ventures with lithium resource enterprises, and directly purchasing lithium mine mining rights.

As early as 2010, BYD invested about 200 million yuan to acquire an 18% stake in Zabuye High-tech Lithium Industry Co., Ltd. in Shigatse, Tibet. According to the data, Zabuye High-tech Lithium Industry is a holding subsidiary of Tibet Mining and has the exclusive mining right of Zabuye Salt Lake for 20 years. The salt lake is the third largest lithium mine salt lake in the world and the largest in Asia, with proven lithium reserves of 1.841 million tons.

Since 2022, the company’s lithium resource layout has been more intensive. In January, BYD won the bid of $61 million for the Chilean lithium mine, but unfortunately the project was stopped by the local court; In March, it is planned to invest 3 billion yuan in Shengxin Lithium Energy. In April 2022, the company signed an agreement with Yinhe Lithium Industry to purchase 60,000 tons of lithium concentrate every year. At the same time, the planned new 60,000-ton lithium salt project in Indonesia is expected to be put into production in 2023. At the end of March, BYD Auto Industry, a subsidiary, invested 6 million yuan and held 30% of the shares, and set up a mining company with Sichuan Luqiao, aiming at developing Sichuan lithium mine resources; In May, it was reported that BYD had found six lithium mines in Africa, all of which had reached the acquisition intention. The output of lithium carbonate in these six lithium mines is reported to reach 1 million tons, which can cover the company’s raw material demand in the next decade.

As for cathode materials, BYD, as an enterprise specializing in lithium iron phosphate batteries, can imagine the demand for Ferrous lithium phosphate. Therefore, on the basis of self-research and self-production, the company also guarantees the supply through the mode of foreign equity participation.

In 2019, the Ecological Environment Bureau of Haidong City, Qinghai Province issued a public notice of environmental impact assessment, and accepted the construction project of Ferrous lithium phosphate with an annual output of 20,000 tons of Qinghai BYD Industrial Co., Ltd., with a total investment of 710 million yuan.

In July 2022, Anda Technology announced that BYD spent 30 million yuan to subscribe for the company’s directional issuance of shares, with a shareholding ratio of 2.11%. In addition, BYD also took a stake in Hunan Yuneng, another leading anode manufacturer in Ferrous lithium phosphate, with a shareholding ratio of 5.27%.

In addition to lithium ore and cathode materials, the company’s annual report revealed that a series of related businesses such as battery aluminum foil, aluminum-plastic film, separator and electrolyte additives were also laid out in the field of power batteries, and the upstream and downstream industries were continuously strengthened.

In 2021, North China Aluminum Company established a battery aluminum foil company, which attracted many battery companies to become shareholders, of which BYD held 2.97%.

Zijiang New Materials is one of the leading enterprises in the domestic aluminum-plastic film industry. In the second half of 2021, strategic investors such as BYD were introduced through capital increase and share expansion, and BYD directly held 3.87% of the shares. At the same time, BYD was the largest customer of Zijiang New Materials.

BYD’s diaphragm layout started as early as 2009, when the company and Foshan Plastic Group Co., Ltd. jointly expanded the lithium-ion battery diaphragm project with a total investment of about 105 million yuan. By August, 2016, BYD’s power battery separator has been partially produced.

In terms of electrolyte additives, in February 2021, BYD took a stake in Huasheng Lithium Battery, which had just been IPO, and held 1.98% of the shares.

2.2 Battery technology and key equipment are independently developed.

Insisting on being long and thin is the development direction of BYD’s battery technology.

The company’s main product, the blade battery, adopts the Ferrous lithium phosphate scheme of long battery cells, flattens the battery cells, and uses the module-free technology to form a battery pack, so that the utilization rate of the internal space is increased to about 60%, and the cost can be reduced by about 25%.

According to TF Securities, in November 2021, Foday battery ranked second in the domestic market share of power battery cells. Foday battery joint venture FAW Foday New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the manufacturing of core components such as new energy batteries, modules and related supporting industries. After the factory is fully put into production, the annual production capacity of power battery can reach 45GWh, which will provide long-life blade batteries for more than 1 million vehicles.

Because the shape of the blade battery is different from that of the traditional power battery, the ready-made standard equipment can’t be used directly. BYD takes advantage of being a "tech man" and the equipment for key processes is developed by itself.

For example, the lamination process adopts the equipment and cutting scheme independently developed by BYD. The pole piece with a length of nearly 1 meter can achieve the accuracy and speed of tolerance control within ±0.3mm and single lamination efficiency of 0.3s/pcs, which is the first in the world. At the same time, self-developed equipment and systems are also used in the assembly and liquid injection.

2.3 layout power battery recycling, trying to solve the demand for raw materials.

In September 2015, BYD and GEM jointly established a recycling system of "material recycling-battery recycling-new energy vehicle manufacturing-power battery recycling". In January 2018, BYD signed a strategic partnership agreement with Tower Company for recycling new energy power batteries. At present, BYD has set up more than 40 power battery recycling service outlets in more than 10 provinces and cities.

In addition to solving the urgent demand for raw materials and reducing the cost of raw materials, another significance of the power battery recycling business is that it may open up a new growth curve for BYD.

Judging from the performance of battery recycling leaders GEM and Tianqi, in 2021, GEM’s power battery recycling business achieved revenue of 151 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 61.63%; Jiangxi Tianqi Jintaige Cobalt Co., Ltd., the core subsidiary of Tianqi’s lithium battery recycling business, achieved an operating income of 988 million yuan in 2021, a year-on-year increase of 52%; The net profit of returning to the mother was 224 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 622.58%.

According to the data, the business scope of Taizhou Fudi Battery Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Fudi Power, includes battery manufacturing and sales, recycling and cascade utilization of waste power batteries in new energy vehicles, and research and development of new materials and technologies. At present, the company is indirectly wholly-owned by BYD Co., Ltd.

2.4 The production capacity continued to expand, adding multiple production bases.

"In 2021, the bottleneck of battery capacity had a certain impact on the mass production of the whole vehicle. With the production capacity of the battery base in 2022, the automobile production capacity will also increase. In April, the proportion of BYD’s loading on the battery side has reached 32.18%, and the gap with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited is gradually narrowing." The above analyst said.

Since 2021, BYD has successively expanded eight battery production bases in Jinan, Shandong, Wuwei, Anhui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, Wuhan, Hubei, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Ningbo, Chuzhou, Anhui and Fuzhou, Jiangxi, with a total new production capacity of 205GWh. In 2022, bases in Xiangyang, Hubei and Changchun, Jilin were successively opened, and two base projects in Taizhou, Zhejiang and Nanning, Guangxi were signed.

In terms of production capacity, BYD plans to have a production capacity of 135GWh in 2021 and an available production capacity of 80GWh；; In 2022, the planned production capacity is 285GWh, and the available production capacity exceeds 200GWh；; By 2023, the planned production capacity will exceed 500GWh, and the available production capacity will exceed 350GWh.

The expansion of production capacity has also accelerated the process of BYD’s battery supply.

In 2018, BYD Power Battery only had two commercial vehicle customers, Taikai Automobile and Xugong Machinery. In 2019, the external supply of passenger cars was opened, and Changan Automobile, FAW and Changan Ford became new customers.

After BYD launched the blade battery in March 2020, it attracted more car companies to discuss cooperation.

In 2021, the external supply ratio of BYD power battery is about 10%. From the perspective of specific customers, FAW is the first third-party passenger car enterprise to adopt blade batteries, and BYD power batteries account for 25% of its total installed capacity; Dongfeng, Changan and BAIC use ternary batteries, and BYD’s supply accounts for 6%, 4% and 0.1% respectively.

Cinda Securities believes that with the increase of the acceptance of Ferrous lithium phosphate route, the external supply business is expected to usher in a substantial breakthrough, and the power battery business may become another important growth pole of the comparable automobile business.

Third, the conclusion

From about 60 yuan/share in June 2020 to a high of 358.86 yuan/share in June 2022, BYD’s share price has nearly tripled in just two years, which is supported by performance and the result of high valuation given by the market.

It can’t be denied that BYD seems to have opened up the second vein of Ren Du in the past two years, and the vertical integration layout that has been painstakingly managed for many years has soared to generate, resulting in great synergy, forming a virtuous circle of the whole industrial chain of new energy vehicles and constantly gaining positive feedback.

But after the market value once broke through one trillion, where is BYD’s next stop?

There were many optimists. Head brokers use the segment valuation method and think that the company’s reasonable value is 1.4 trillion yuan; There is also a view that new energy vehicles will be not only a means of transportation in the future, but also the next generation of intelligent terminals. If the new energy vehicle industry will produce a company with a market value of 2 to 3 times that of Apple’s stock, the market value of BYD may be trillions of dollars against Tesla.

Real money traders are obviously more rational. The latest market value of BYD’s A-shares has dropped to around 850 billion yuan, and the news that the stock god has reduced its holdings may further return it.

Charles Munger once said, "Wang Chuanfu knows what he can do and what he can’t do, while Musk thinks he can do anything. I prefer to choose those who have self-knowledge. " This is a high evaluation, but obviously, this does not affect Berkshire’s reduction of cash BYD, at the time he thinks it is appropriate.

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This article does not constitute any investment advice, and investors should act accordingly at their own risk. The market is risky and investment needs to be cautious.

"Chengdu decided to start the yellow warning of ozone heavy pollution weather at 0: 00 on March 6, 2023 …" On March 5, the day before the warning started, Chengdu issued the warning information of heavy pollution weather. By taking emergency control measures, Chengdu regained an excellent day-March 6, the air quality was good. Accurate and efficient early warning relies on the ecological environment monitoring network.

At present, around water, gas, soil, ecology, pollution sources and other factors, Sichuan has built more than 28,000 monitoring points, achieving full coverage of monitoring points in cities, counties, cities and major tributaries, with basically complete elements and more "hearing and seeing" in ecological environment monitoring.

Four transformations

● The transition from manual to automatic.

The number of automatic stations in our province has increased from 296 to 2,634, an increase of nearly 8 times compared with 2015, basically achieving full coverage of urban environmental air and surface water quality automatic stations in cities and counties of the province.

● Change from extensive to precise.

In terms of ambient air quality, county-level cities have monitored three indicators every month for five days, four times a day and six indicators every time at the beginning of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan.

In terms of water environmental quality, it has been monitored once a month from the beginning of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan to six times a day now, and 109 items of water quality in drinking water sources have been fully monitored and analyzed.

In the aspect of coordination of measurement and management, high-tech means such as radar rover and unmanned aerial vehicle are used to carry out mobile navigation of pollutants, accurately draw "pollution map trajectory" and quickly and accurately lock pollution sources.

● Transition from decentralized closure to integrated linkage.

Eco-environmental departments and meteorological departments should cooperate with each other, establish a data sharing mechanism for eco-environmental monitoring, and gradually realize the effective integration, interconnection and mutual sharing of data on environmental quality, pollution sources and ecological quality monitoring, so as to evaluate the eco-environmental quality more objectively and predict the development trend more accurately.

● Change from status quo monitoring to comprehensive prediction and early warning.

At the beginning of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", our province did not have the ability to forecast water quality. After five years of construction, it can now forecast the fine cross-section of key river basins in the next three days and the trend water quality forecast in the next seven days.

How to monitor? Build a network to achieve full coverage of monitoring points in cities, counties, cities and major tributaries.

In the Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Research of Super Station on the sixth floor of Chengdu Research Institute of Environmental Protection, a large number of monitoring data such as inorganic elements, carbon components and VOCs are displayed here on a big screen. These monitoring data come from around-the-clock monitoring instruments and high-performance computers that operate continuously in the laboratory.

"This is the atmospheric particulate matter and photochemical sub-station, which is what our major usually calls a super station." Rowena, an engineer from Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, told the reporter. Following Rowena to the roof of the laboratory, the reporter saw the sampling tube of the monitoring instrument. Rowena introduced that the sampling tube will sample the air like a needle, and then deliver it to the monitoring instrument for analysis after successful sampling. "These sampling and monitoring equipment are open all year round, which not only realizes real-time monitoring of 6 parameters of ambient air, but also realizes monitoring and analysis of more than 150 air pollutant indicators including volatile organic compounds." Rowena said.

In the laboratory, the reporter found that many monitoring indicators were recorded in detail by time or in the form of curves or images. What help do these images and curves have to air pollution prevention and control?

Lei Yi, deputy director of the Department of Ecology and Environment, gave the answer: these curves and images with different colors actually hide various "signs" of air pollution changes, and the causes of air pollution can be interpreted from them, which is also the difference between super stations and conventional automatic monitoring stations. According to Lei Yi, the super station can capture more and smaller pollution factors, including more than 150 indicators. By "blood test" for the atmosphere, the "cause" of air pollution can be clearly identified, so as to "prescribe the right medicine" and achieve refined control.

Without the strong support of monitoring data, the "foundation" of the battle against pollution will be unstable, and the super station is only a microcosm of the construction of Sichuan ecological environment monitoring network. The reporter learned that around water, gas, soil, ecology, pollution sources and other factors, Sichuan has built more than 28,000 monitoring points. Among them, there are nearly 25,000 environmental quality monitoring points, more than 100 ecological quality monitoring points and more than 3,000 pollution source monitoring points. Basically completed the three-year goal and task of the province’s ecological environment monitoring network construction, and achieved full coverage of monitoring points in cities, counties, cities and major tributaries, with basically complete elements.

What’s the effect? Four changes to make ecological environment monitoring smarter and more efficient.

The construction of ecological environment monitoring network makes ecological environment monitoring more intelligent and efficient.

"The first is the transition from manual to automatic." According to the relevant person in charge of the Monitoring Department of the Department of Ecology and Environment, after years of construction, the number of automatic stations in our province has increased from 296 to 2,634, an increase of nearly 8 times compared with 2015, basically achieving full coverage of urban environmental air and surface water quality automatic stations in cities and counties of the province. Taking pollution source monitoring as an example, the first and second batches of online monitoring and control systems for pollution sources were piloted in 11 cities to achieve a breakthrough in the new monitoring method of "electricity consumption monitoring". "By remotely querying the electricity consumption of enterprises, we can know whether the pollution control facilities of enterprises are operating normally, and the monitoring tentacles are further extended." The person in charge said.

Realize the transformation from extensive to accurate. "At present, the environmental monitoring method has changed from the previous situation of extensive, low frequency, few indicators and single means." According to the above-mentioned person in charge, in terms of ambient air quality, county-level cities have monitored three indicators for five days a month, four times a day and each time at the beginning of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", and now they have monitored once an hour, monitoring six indicators each time; In terms of water environmental quality, from monitoring once a month at the beginning of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" to monitoring six times a day now, 109 items of water quality in drinking water sources have been fully monitored and analyzed, so that ordinary people can drink clean water and feel at ease; In the aspect of coordination of measurement and management, high-tech means such as radar rover and unmanned aerial vehicle are also used to carry out mobile navigation of pollutants, accurately draw "pollution map trajectory", quickly and accurately lock pollution sources, and make environmental law enforcement targeted.

Realize the transformation from decentralized closure to integrated linkage. The reporter learned that at present, the ecological and environmental departments and meteorological departments have achieved synergy and linkage, established a data sharing mechanism for ecological environment monitoring, and gradually realized effective integration, interconnection and mutual sharing of data such as environmental quality, pollution sources and ecological quality monitoring, so as to evaluate the ecological environment quality more objectively and predict the development trend more accurately. In 2022 alone, the eco-environmental department held 23 consultations with the meteorological department and issued 15 warnings of heavy pollution.

The transition from current situation monitoring to comprehensive prediction and early warning. According to the relevant person in charge of the Monitoring Department of the Department of Ecology and Environment, at the beginning of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, our province did not have the ability to forecast water quality. After five years of construction, it is now possible to forecast the refinement of key river basin sections in the next three days and the trend water quality forecast in the next seven days. "It can effectively prevent and control water pollution emergencies and minimize possible losses." The person in charge said. (Reporter Tian Chengchen)

related news

Seven enterprises were selected into the list of provincial benchmark enterprises for energy saving and carbon reduction in 2022.

On March 23, the Ministry of Economy and Information Technology announced the list of provincial-level benchmark enterprises for energy saving and carbon reduction in 2022, and seven enterprises from cement, electrolytic aluminum, chemical industry, steel, ceramics and other industries were selected.

The relevant person in charge of the Department of Economics and Information Technology said that the above industries are high energy-consuming industries, and the energy efficiency level of the selected benchmark enterprises is better than the industry level by increasing energy conservation and carbon reduction in the industrial field. Taking Bazhong CONCH Co., Ltd. as an example, the company has spared no effort in environmental protection investment, persistently treating the source, reducing emissions, reducing consumption, suppressing dust, reducing noise and increasing green, and actively trying the application of new materials, new processes and new technologies in traditional fields, which has changed the production face of the traditional cement industry of "it’s cloudy in sunny days and muddy in rainy days".

Sichuan has set a goal that by 2025, the production capacity of key industries in the industrial sector will reach the benchmark level by more than 30%. The relevant person in charge of the Department of Economic and Information Technology said that relying on benchmarking activities, cities (states) should benchmark advanced practices and experiences, and guide enterprises in key areas to carry out energy-saving and carbon-reducing technological transformation in a scientific and orderly manner and promote energy efficiency. All benchmark enterprises for energy conservation and carbon reduction should actively play a leading role in demonstration, consolidate their achievements, continuously improve the level of energy conservation and carbon reduction, drive the low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of the whole industry, and help realize the peak carbon dioxide emissions in the industrial field as scheduled.

Previously, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Administration of Markets jointly released the list of energy efficiency "leaders" enterprises in key energy-using industries in 2022, and two of the seven provincial-level benchmark enterprises in Sichuan were on the list. (Reporter Yan Minfang)