A few days ago, ZhangJike was exposed to a gambling debt dispute and spread private videos of others, which caused widespread concern. Seeing the rumors getting worse, ZhangJike issued a lawyer’s statement, claiming that some users’ comments had infringed on ZhangJike’s reputation, and investigation and evidence collection have been carried out. However, this did not stop the news from continuing. Well-known reporter Li Weiao subsequently published two articles, and the content of the news was more detailed and specific.

Li Wei ‘ao broke the news that the creditor who asked Jing Tian for money was sentenced. If the creditor asks Jing Tian for money by threatening the private video, and the person who gave the private video to the creditor is ZhangJike, does he need to bear legal responsibility in this case?

What kind of legal responsibility will it face to spread other people’s private videos? Will you be sentenced? If sentenced, how long will it take?

Can the celebrity accuse the gossip disseminator of infringement of his reputation right prove that the gossip spread is false? Is it true that the scandal will sue the right of reputation infringement, and the false will sue the crime of libel?

……

With these questions, I consulted lawyer Li Yang of Beijing Yingke (Shanghai) Law Firm and lawyer Liang Keli of Wanshang Tianqin (Shanghai) Law Firm.

You can’t repay your gambling debts, and you use your ex-girlfriend’s private photos to pay off your debts?

At the end of March, some netizens broke the news that ZhangJike had leaked private photos of himself and his predecessor, Jing Tian, to his creditors because he had not paid his gambling debts. After the creditor got the private photos, he asked Jing Tian for money on this matter. Then Jing Tian sued the creditor.

ZhangJike Studio first issued a statement on the 30th, saying: "Mr. ZhangJike has no debt disputes, and there is no case of damaging the privacy of others in order to protect himself. The rumor is purely fabricated."

On March 31, Li Weiao, the chief reporter of Economic Observer, wrote with his real name account: "From some judicial materials I saw and mastered a few years ago, ZhangJike passed on Ms. Jing’s private video to others. This is true." .

On the same day, ZhangJike Studio entrusted a lawyer to issue a statement, saying that some users’ remarks caused ZhangJike.Infringement of reputation rightAt present, investigation and evidence collection work has been carried out, and lawsuits will be filed against key infringing users who have repeatedly published or refused to delete infringing content and caused great adverse effects.

However, ZhangJike’s lawyer’s statement did not prevent Li Wei ‘ao from publishing a message again. Li Weiao then issued two more articles, and the content of the news was more detailed and specific.

Li Weiao revealed that the judicial materials showed that there were 3 private videos of Ms. Jing and 1 video screenshot. ZhangJike admitted that he had shown others a segment of the above video. In addition, ZhangJike was sued by his creditors (and his family) a few years ago. After the prosecution, after mediation, Zhang returned the creditor (and family) 1 million yuan. However, ZhangJike’s IOU is 5 million yuan, and that IOU is still in the hands of creditors (and family members). He also said that ZhangJike’s debt and video problems were not simply "gossip" of celebrities, but caused a serious criminal case. In this case, Ms. Jing is a complete victim. ZhangJike’s creditor, who asked her for money, later pleaded guilty and is still serving his sentence.

After Li Wei ‘ao broke the news again, some media reported that he had contacted ZhangJike himself. ZhangJike denied the debt and the photos. But when asked whether there was no debt or no photos, ZhangJike hung up.

On April 2, ZhangJike’s attorney responded to the media that this matter has actually been responded. One is that the studio has completely denied it. "Another, we are entrusted to investigate the facts of infringement and are ready to sue immediately."

Lawyer’s interpretation:

Winning the case of reputation right doesn’t mean that the gossip is false, and the fake star statement may also be infringing.

Under what circumstances should I bear legal responsibility for spreading other people’s private videos?Lawyer Li Yang said to the analysis that the dissemination of other people’s private videos may constitute an infringement of others’ privacy. If the content of private videos is sensitive and the scope of dissemination is wide, it may also constitute the crime of spreading obscene articles. According to Article 364 of the Criminal Law, whoever disseminates obscene books, periodicals, films, audio-visual images, pictures or other obscene articles, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years, criminal detention or public surveillance. "If it is a small-scale spread, it is basically necessary for the victims to call the police themselves. butIf it is a large-scale dissemination of obscene articles, the police may actively intervene if they find it at work. However, the latter is unlikely. Unless the perpetrator spreads the private video on the whole network. "Lawyer Li Yang told me.

According to reporter Li Wei ‘ao, he claimed that ZhangJike’s debt and video problems were not simply "gossip" of stars, but caused a serious criminal case. In this case, Ms. Jing is a complete victim. ZhangJike’s creditor, who asked her for money, later pleaded guilty and is still serving his sentence. At the same time, Li Weiao threw a question to ZhangJike: "What role did ZhangJike play in this case, and can he respond publicly?"

If Li Wei ‘ao’s news is true, does ZhangJike need to be responsible in this case? In this regard, lawyer Li Yang said to the analysis that the creditor was criminally held accountable for asking Jing Tian for money, which probably constituted the crime of extortion.ZhangJike’s responsibility depends on whether ZhangJike forms an accomplice relationship with the creditors."For example, if ZhangJike gave private materials to creditors and colluded with them (including consulting together and directing creditors, etc.) to extort Jing Tian, although he did not participate in the extortion, it would also constitute an accomplice in extortion; On the contrary,If ZhangJike only sold or otherwise gave the private information to the creditor, but did not participate in the extortion and did not collude with the creditor, it should not be considered that he should bear criminal responsibility for this crime. "However, it is not easy to judge whether it is collusion or not, unless the creditor can provide evidence such as recording. Or if the creditor confessed that he was colluding with Zhang, and ZhangJike himself admitted it.

ZhangJike Studio issued two statements in response to the storm. In the statement issued by the studio for the first time, it was responded that some infringing users made defamatory remarks about Mr. ZhangJike’s character and private life without any factual basis, slandering him for his involvement in gambling debt disputes, fund fraud and other illegal acts. He also said: "Mr. ZhangJike has no debt disputes, and there is no situation of damaging the privacy of others in order to protect himself. The rumor is purely fabricated." The statement issued by the second entrusted lawyer did not deny the relevant rumors, saying that evidence will be obtained for the infringement of reputation rights.

Many netizens are curious about whether the statement issued by the star studio has legal effect, and whether it is necessary to bear legal responsibility if there is anything contrary to the facts in the statement. In this regard, lawyer Li Yang told the analysis that,The statement issued by the studio is generally only regarded as a public explanation. If there are fabricated facts and other plots, which have adverse effects on others, it may also infringe on the right of reputation.

Others have questioned that ZhangJike is going to sue for infringement of reputation right instead of libel. Why do stars seldom mention criminal "libel" and take civil "infringement of reputation"?Is it true that the scandal will sue the right of reputation infringement, and the false will sue the crime of libel?In this regard, lawyer Liang Yan said to the analysis that this is actually not particularly related to the "true and false gossip", mainly because of the difference between the two. The criminal and civil conditions for filing a case are different, and the requirements for the consequences caused by "insulting" behavior are different. It can be simply understood that the severity of the consequences caused by most of these "celebrity gossip" is not enough to take the criminal "libel". For example, causing someone to go insane or commit suicide because of someone else’s "libel" behavior is a serious situation.

In addition, if the scandal is true, it may involve infringement of privacy rights, etc. It should be noted that we can’t say that "if the privacy infringement is mentioned, it will prove that the scandal is true", but it still depends on the specific case.

butCan it be proved that the gossip spread is false when the star accuses the gossip disseminator of infringement of his reputation right?Lawyer Liang Yan told me that, generally speaking, when a star sues someone for infringement of his reputation, there are two main aspects, namely, whether there is slander or whether there is insult.

Even if the actor provides sufficient evidence to prove that he is spreading the true "facts", he may lose the case because of insulting behavior.At the same time, it may also involve infringing on the privacy rights of others, such as publicizing the physical defects or illness of others.

Although "winning the case of infringement of reputation right" can help us to judge the truth of "the spread scandal" to some extent. However, we can’t simply equate "winning the case" with "the gossip being spread is false", and we need to further analyze and judge rationally.

　　Pangolin will be "short-listed" in the newly compiled List of National Key Protected Wild Animals without any suspense. Photo by Jiang Zhigang

　　Moose photographed in the wild in Altai Mountain. It is the largest deer in the world. Its protection level will be raised to the first level. Institute of Zoology，Chinese Academy of Sciences

　　Qingdao lily, also known as Laoshan lily, is a perennial monocotyledonous herb, native to Shandong Province, and is a newly added second-class protected species.

　　Paphiopedilum Malipo is a newly recorded first-class protected species. institute of botany,the chinese academy of sciences

　　A few days ago, the newly compiled List of National Key Protected Wild Animals (hereinafter referred to as the List of Animals) and List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (hereinafter referred to as the List of Plants) began to be publicized to the whole society and solicited opinions.

　　Scientists believe that biodiversity includes animals, plants, microorganisms, ecosystems and their ecological processes, among which animals and plants are the most important part of the biological world and have the closest relationship with human beings. The protection of wild animals and plants is the basis of maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance, and is also closely related to the declaration of world heritage and the establishment of national parks, nature reserves and scenic spots.

　　The number of listed species has increased significantly.

　　"Overall, the updating of the directory will have a far-reaching impact on the protection of endangered wild animals and plants in China, and will also be conducive to the country’s ecological protection, biodiversity protection, heritage site protection and the restoration of the national ecological environment." Jiang Zhigang, a researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, participated in the research on mammals in the Catalogue of Animals. He said that the country’s work of updating the list of animals and plants has condensed brand-new scientific and technological wisdom. Scientific and technological workers absorb the latest zoological knowledge and research results at home and abroad, and comprehensively consider the living conditions, endangered conditions, protection levels and management needs of species; The opinions of experts, managers and the public were also widely solicited.

　　The Animal Catalogue for this consultation involves 661 species of wild animals in 17 classes and 70 orders, which is more than twice as many as the first edition in 1989. "Scientists generally believe that the current endangered situation of species is still serious, and more and more species need to be protected. The main influencing factors are the change of species’ living conditions, endangered status, management needs and international factors. Recently, it was affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. " By clarifying the protection level of wild animals again, we are actually re-examining the relationship between people and wild animals. Jiang Zhigang thinks so.

　　The newly compiled Catalogue of Plants contains 468 species and 25 species of wild plants. On the basis of the first batch of Catalogue of Plants, 55 species were deleted and 296 species and 17 species were added. The number of species listed in the two lists has increased significantly compared with before.

　　Dr. Qin Haining from Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been involved in the tracking and revision of the Catalogue of Plants since it was first published in China in 1999. He said that the number of species newly compiled in the Catalogue of Plants has nearly doubled compared with before. "When the first batch of Plant Catalogue was published in 1999, many plant groups with high economic value and serious resource destruction were not included for various reasons. For example, Orchidaceae, Peony and Ginseng were not added until this time. " He emphasized that in recent years, the state has obviously strengthened the protection of the natural environment and enhanced its emphasis on ecological concepts; In addition, after the COVID-19 epidemic, the whole society paid more attention to animal and plant protection … … These social development backgrounds have given a "green light" to the expansion and publication of the directory.

　　Respond to the global protection goal

　　On July 9th, while the newly compiled Catalogue of Plants was publicly solicited for comments, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) also updated the latest data in 2020 for the IUCN Global Red List of Threatened Species (hereinafter referred to as the IUCN Red List).

　　Qin Haining believes that the purpose of compiling these "lists" is to show the endangered status of species, provide a basis for the government to formulate protection policies, and attract public attention. In the process of updating the Catalogue of Plants, we not only refer to the management effect and growth and decline of protected species in China for more than 20 years, but also refer to the list of plants that should be given priority and priority protection listed in the Red List of IUCN and the Red List of Biodiversity in China compiled by China. However, these directories have their own characteristics. IUCN Red List and China Biodiversity Red List are expert systems compiled according to international common standards, which encourage "all assessments should be made". Only some species in the list are endangered. For example, the Red List of Biodiversity in China — — Volume of Higher Plants has assessed more than 34,000 species of plants in China, of which only 3,700 species are "threatened", accounting for about 11%. The Catalogue of Animals and the Catalogue of Plants are issued by the government and provide legal protection. The red list ranks the degree of endangerment in the first place; The protection list first considers the values of economy, scientific research and ecological culture.

　　In December 2019, the Ministry of Natural Resources became a national member representative of the World Conservation Union (IUCN).

　　"The state is the subject of threatened species protection. ‘ Red List of National Endangered Species ’ It reflects the living conditions of this species in this country, "Jiang Zhigang said: For example, moose has a large population and wide distribution in North America and Europe, and was rated as" non-dangerous "by the IUCN Red List. But it is completely different in China, which is only distributed in Aershan and Daxing ‘anling, so it was rated as "extremely dangerous" by the Red List of Biodiversity in China. This provides an important basis for China to formulate protection countermeasures.

　　It is of great significance to the development of natural heritage.

　　Experts agree that the gradual implementation of the newly compiled Catalogue of Animals and Catalogue of Plants is an important event for biodiversity protection in China and an important embodiment of the country’s emphasis on ecological civilization construction.

　　Jiang Zhigang explained that the updating process of Animal Catalogue and Plant Catalogue is that the state constantly confirms and reminds people in the form of laws and regulations to restrain people’s behavior in nature reserves. "This will definitely have a positive impact on the protection of the world natural heritage." Qin Haining added: "When we talk about biodiversity in the world natural heritage standards, we will mention the quantity and value of endemic, endangered and protected species. 50% of the wild plants in China and 60% of the species on the protection list are endemic to China, which means that they are unique resources in the world. Therefore, protecting biodiversity in China means protecting global biodiversity. Therefore, the promotion of the new catalogue is conducive to the declaration of new heritage sites and the protection of the original natural heritage sites. "

　　After the formal promulgation and implementation, the relevant management and law enforcement departments will implement protection measures according to the two new catalogues, delimit new protected areas, and use this as a basis to approve projects related to biodiversity protection and control exports. Qin Haining believes that the protection of animal and plant species still needs to be combined with the protection of ecosystems to produce the best results. He believes that after the official publication of the directory, the state needs to start supporting protection measures as soon as possible, and the management department should establish a long-term tracking and updating mechanism, such as formulating the principle of updating and withdrawing the directory, and regularly updating it every once in a while.

　　Extended reading

　　In the Catalogue of Animals for public consultation, giant pandas, red-crowned cranes, tigers, leopards and snow leopards are still under first-class protection. The familiar Tibetan antelope, Tibetan wild donkey and python are reduced to secondary protection. In addition, snakes and fish that were common in the wild were included in a large number this time. Among them, 20 species of Serpentidae are newly listed in the list, and the protection levels of Jinggangshan Ridge Snake, Sansuo Snake, Xizang Hot Spring Snake, Sichuan Hot Spring Snake and Shangri-La Hot Spring Snake are all Grade I; 29 species of CYPRINIDAE were newly listed, among which tong yu in the north and tong yu in the wild round mouth were added as the first-class protected species.

　　(The photos in this article are from the Internet except the signature)

　　Author: Pan Hong (researcher, Institute of Military Political Work, Academy of Military Sciences)

　　"Revolutionary culture" is a special cultural phenomenon, and people from all walks of life in China interpret, publicize and practice it with their own understanding of its connotation. In many parts of China, revolutionary culture is more often called "red culture". As a result, "revolutionary culture" and "red culture" are confused, the original intention of revolutionary culture is diluted, and the explanation of red culture is more "different". After careful analysis, it is found that the concept of "red culture" appeared at the beginning of the 21st century. After more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China faces many difficulties in its development. It is inevitable that people will recall the faith and spiritual strength that led the party and people to victory from the past history and experience. Facts have proved that this phenomenon is very consistent with the cultural records of academic circles at that time. The full-text database of China journals shows that in 2003— In the academic papers in 2004, "red culture" has become the key word. At the same time, some scholars have noticed that before the concept of red culture appeared, the academic circles in China had already put forward such terms as "red classics", "red resources" and "red tourism". Are these formulations accurate?Should the inheritance of revolutionary tradition return to its original intention? In the new era of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, it has become an important concern for people to find a correct position for revolutionary culture and reflect its contemporary value.

　　The fundamental difference between revolutionary culture and other cultures lies in the red background color paved by the China Revolution.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that culture is the soul of a country and a nation. "Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture, which originated from the excellent traditional Chinese culture nurtured by the 5,000-year civilization history of the Chinese nation, was cast in the revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture created by the party leading the people in revolution, construction and reform, and was rooted in the great practice of Socialism with Chinese characteristics". It can be seen from this document that condenses the latest theoretical achievements of the Party that "red culture" should be called "revolutionary culture" in a standardized way, and its historical origin can be traced back to the magnificent new-democratic revolutionary practice in China in the early 20th century.

　　China’s "revolutionary culture" can be traced back to the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and it is closely related to the establishment of proletarian political parties in the world and Marxist theory. In the mid-19th century, after the birth of Marxism in Europe, after half a century, it changed from a ghost to a proletarian revolutionary theory, which guided the success of the October Revolution in the Soviet Union and showed the future direction of the China Revolution with the light of truth. As a result, in the 20th century, China in the East kept switching revolutionary themes in the democratic revolution, national salvation and people’s liberation movements. In the mutual agitation and choice of various ideologies and plans to save China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) wrote Marxist theory on his banner, led the people in unremitting struggle and made great sacrifices to realize the lofty ideal of communism. According to the statistics of the Information Center of the Academy of Military Sciences, during the 22 years from 1927 to 1949, there were 3,203 major battles and battles that were able to find out the basic elements such as battle names, combat areas, our troops participating in the war, enemy troops participating in the war, and combat results. "I dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky for the sake of sacrifice and ambition." Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people’s army finally seized power and established People’s Republic of China (PRC) after arduous struggle. Deng Xiaoping once said that the founding of New China was dyed red with the blood of hundreds of millions of martyrs. Indeed, the blood of the revolutionary martyrs paved the background of the China revolution, and only then did the red China in the eyes of foreigners have the red regime in Chinese’s heart, and today ".红色文化”称谓的流传。

　　中国共产党及其领导下的人民军队是革命文化的主创者。1927年第一次国共合作破裂后，面对国民党的屠杀政策，中国共产党为挽救革命，实行武装抵抗。在著名的三大起义中，南昌起义部队沿用了国民革命军的番号；秋收起义非常接地气地打出了“工农革命军”的人民武装旗号，广州起义因有苏联顾问的参与指导，宣布组织“工农红军”，并打出了“工农红军”旗帜。当时中国共产党作为共产国际远东支部，无条件接受其领导，中共中央遂于1928年5月25日发布《军事工作大纲》，明确规定武装“割据区所建立之军队，可正式定名为红军，取消以前工农革命军的名义”。井冈山上的毛泽东、朱德根据中央指示，将工农革命军第四军正式改称“中国工农红军第四军”，各革命根据地武装力量先后奉命改称“红军”。1931年后，全国各地革命军队统一改称“中国工农红军。”1936年，红军长征的胜利，使中国工农红军的红色传奇故事走向世界。

　　Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), this red powerhouse developed from a single spark to a prairie fire during the Agrarian Revolution. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he resolutely went to the battlefield behind enemy lines to carry out independent guerrilla warfare and joined hands with the Kuomintang to resist aggression and win national liberation; In the war of liberation, we fought a strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang for the two futures and destinies of the people of China; Finally, after 28 years of bloody fighting, he completed the task of the new democratic revolution, established the proletarian regime, and became a strong pillar of the new socialist China.

　　Thus, the background color of China Revolution is red, and the banner of China Revolution is also dyed red with the blood of millions of martyrs. Needless to say, the dictatorship of the proletariat and its theory of violent revolution have transformed semi-colonial and semi-feudal China in China, and the people have become masters of their own affairs. The essence of all this is the practice of China’s new-democratic revolution. Therefore, any "colored" cultural term can reflect this practice process more accurately than "revolutionary culture".

　　After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attached great importance to the inheritance and construction of revolutionary culture. During his inspection of the former Lanzhou Military Region, he stressed that it is necessary to carry forward the advantages of red resources, carry out in-depth education on the military history of party history and fine traditions, and pass on the red gene from generation to generation. Since then, he has visited Xibaipo, Jinggangshan, Yimeng Mountain, Gutian, Yan ‘an, Zunyi and other revolutionary holy places. After the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), paid a visit to the site of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai and the Red Boat in Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, reviewed the history of party building and revisited the pledge of joining the Party, in which the "revolutionary main line" was clearly visible. To be exact, red is only a symbolic meaning, but revolutionary culture is the "root" and "soul" of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s national rejuvenation in the new era, so that we can deeply understand the original intention of "keeping in mind the original heart" and never forget "knowing where to go from where to go".

　　Following the main line of the Supreme Leader’s visit to the revolutionary holy land, the rich connotation of revolutionary culture has been gradually revealed. The Jinggangshan struggle made us understand the inevitability of ideological vacillation at the beginning of the revolution and the importance of strengthening the confidence in the victory of the revolution. At Gutian Conference, the Party stipulated the nature, purpose and task of the Red Army in the form of resolutions, and made clear the basic problem of "who carries guns and fights for whom". Established the principle of the party’s absolute leadership over the army and solved the fundamental problem of how the party leads the army; Straightened out the relationship between military work and political work in the army, and the basic way to correct all kinds of non-proletarian thoughts. The Zunyi Meeting marked that the China Revolution got rid of dogmatism, the Communist Party of China (CPC) began to explore the China Revolution independently, and the China style and China style at the beginning of the formation of Mao Zedong Thought. Yan’ an years make people feel the hardships during the anti-Japanese national salvation period and the richness in the spiritual world of the revolutionary holy land; Xibaipo — — The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the last rural headquarters of China Revolution, issued an earnest warning to all party member before going to the ruling stage. In this way, the connotation of revolutionary culture should include: rich contents of material and intangible culture as revolutionary cultural resources; All the old things and relics, former sites and sites related to the revolutionary struggle and other revolutionary historical remains and memorial sites,And the corresponding revolutionary spirits formed in the revolutionary years, including Red Boat Spirit, Jinggangshan Spirit, Long March Spirit, Yan ‘an Spirit, Xibaipo Spirit and so on.

　　Revolutionary culture was formed in the great practice of China revolution and has distinct spiritual characteristics.

　　Revolutionary culture was conceived in the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s initial intention of seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, and formed in the great practice of the China Revolution. It is a precious spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation’s history and culture, and has become a powerful spiritual driving force and cultural support for national rejuvenation. The strong vitality of revolutionary culture is embodied in its distinctive spiritual characteristics.

　　Revolutionary. It mainly includes the revolutionary theory and the revolutionary practice. Nearly 70 years after the publication of the communist party Declaration, Marxist theory has finally changed from revolutionary prophecy to reality. In China’s new-democratic revolution, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by Mao Zedong, made Marxism take root in China with outstanding theoretical consciousness, practical consciousness and historical consciousness. As the first theoretical achievement of China Marxism, the formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought greatly enriched and developed the treasure house of Marxist theory. Revolutionary culture is the reflection of China’s new-democratic revolutionary struggle, so revolutionary is the proper meaning in the practice of China’s new-democratic struggle.

　　Nationality. The direct motive of Mao Zedong’s systematic study of Marxism in Yan ‘an caves is to avoid the "Left" and Right-leaning erroneous thoughts in the Communist Party of China (CPC) from harming the Party’s cause again. At the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he stressed: "To make Marx concrete in China and make him have the characteristics of China in every performance, that is, to apply it according to the characteristics of China has become an urgent problem for the whole party to understand and solve." Mao Zedong, who came out of Chongli, Shaoshan, Hunan Province, was a peasant all his life, and became attached to the land, farmers and countryside. He has always been proud of the Chinese nation, eclectically absorbed outstanding achievements of foreign civilization, and achieved the revolutionary cause in China. Mao Zedong’s theoretical innovation has always been based on the Marxist way of thinking, but it has never been a ready-made word in the "book" of Marxism, and it has always reflected the national style that is closest to the reality of China, and China’s revolutionary culture has been marked with a distinctive national brand.

　　Popular. In the communist party Declaration, Marx solemnly declared: "All the movements in the past were for or for the benefit of a few people. The proletarian movement belongs to the vast majority of people and works for the interests of the vast majority of people. " The people of the Communist Party of China (CPC), represented by Mao Zedong, know the essence of historical materialism, creatively put forward the Party’s mass line, that is, the ideological line of "all for the masses, all relying on the masses, coming from the masses and going to the masses", and reached the conclusion that "the people, only the people, are the driving force for creating world history", which became an important magic weapon for China’s revolutionary victory. The laboring masses in China saw the power of example and the hope of China’s revolution when the advanced revolutionary elements in China put aside their superior lives and devoted themselves to the proletarian movement for the benefit of the vast majority of people, thus making the revolutionary culture a popular feature of the revolutionary movement "for the people".

　　Times. Every era has its own cultural requirements and characteristics, that is, the so-called "fashion". All cultures are created in specific times, so the necessity of any group culture, its creativity and its inheritance and elimination have a distinct brand of the times. Take the Long March as an example, which is a microcosm of the China Revolution. The "fashion" of the China Revolution in the 1930s was: advocating firm faith. The number of people who arrived in northern Shaanxi on the Red Army’s Long March only accounted for 30% of the number at the time of departure. This is undoubtedly a collective "martyr’s ambition" for "ism"! Advocate loyalty to the party. After the Red Army and the Red Fourth Front Army joined forces, Zhang Guotao split the Central Committee, which almost ruined the China Revolution. It was the backbone of the party’s loyalty to safeguard the party’s unity and avoid division; The response and support of the 15th Red Army Corps to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Red Army under the leadership of Mao Zedong in northern Shaanxi made it possible for the Party to lay a political and military foundation in the Shaanxi-Gansu base area. On the Long March, Mao Zedong turned the stretcher into a political stage, showing the mind of revolutionaries in adversity, reflecting a high degree of historical responsibility, regaining leadership, and avoiding the collapse of the Party and the Red Army.

　　Innovation. Revolutionary culture includes theoretical innovation, institutional innovation and practical innovation. In order to counter the argument that China’s ravines can’t produce Marxism, Mao Zedong wrote On Practice and On Contradiction, which laid the philosophical foundation of Mao Zedong’s dialectical materialism and historical materialism. In 1938 alone, Mao Zedong’s theoretical achievements included Strategic Issues of Anti-Japanese Guerrilla War, On Protracted War, Independence in the United Front and so on. These programmatic documents are full of thoughts on the key issues of China’s revolutionary war. Mao Zedong explained the Marxist view of war and methodology with his unique "dialectics of war". In 1939, Mao Zedong wrote "China Revolution and the Communist Party of China (CPC)", put forward the scientific concept of "new democratic revolution" for the first time, and defined the basic content of the general line of new democracy. In 1940, Mao Zedong wrote "On New Democracy", which planned the new China after military victory and expounded the politics, economy and culture of new democracy. In 1945, Mao Zedong wrote "On the Coalition Government", which designed the revolution after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, further linked the politics, economy and culture of the new democratic society with the Party’s program, and completed the blueprint for the new China.

　　The reason why revolutionary culture has vitality stems from its agreement with contemporary spiritual pursuit and values.

　　The ancients said, "Look at humanity and turn it into the world." The power of culture is the meridian that runs through the historical evolution of human society, and it is the progressive soul of a country and a nation. Revolutionary culture was formed in the period of China’s new-democratic revolution, and it is the product of that era. Besides its own spiritual characteristics, revolutionary culture partially overlaps with contemporary spiritual pursuits and values. Because of this, whenever we walk into any remains of China’s revolutionary culture, we will feel the shock of our hearts, which is one aspect of the contemporary value of revolutionary culture.

　　In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that we should promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, inherit revolutionary culture, develop advanced socialist culture, keep in mind the original, absorb foreign countries and face the future, better build China spirit, China values and Chinese strength, and provide spiritual guidance for the people. In the new era when the Communist Party of China (CPC) leads the people of China to great rejuvenation, revolutionary culture has special times value.

　　The first is to help the leadership of ideological work. Revolutionary culture continues to promote the China, modernization and popularization of Marxism, laying an important foundation for building a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and leading force, and closely uniting all the people in ideals, beliefs, values and moral concepts, and providing a strong support for strengthening theoretical arms and promoting the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The relationship between revolutionary culture and Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the new era is inseparable: the revolutionary culture is formed in the initial stage of Marxism in China, and it has made great theoretical contributions to Marxism in China. As the latest theoretical achievement of Marxism in China, the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system and a guide for the struggle of the whole party and the people of the whole country to practice the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Theoretically, the two are in the same strain. The essence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is that it must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is that it has always adhered to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which is basically consistent and unshakable. Guided by the latest theoretical achievements of contemporary Marxism in China, leading the country, the nation and the people to achieve the Party’s goals is also the homogeneous requirement of revolutionary culture and Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the new era.

　　The second is to help cultivate and practice socialist core values. The influence of culture is first of all the influence of values. The struggle for various cultures in the world is essentially a struggle for values, as well as a struggle for people’s hearts and ideology. As the saying goes, "the strength of a moment lies in strength, and the victory or defeat of the ages lies in reason." Core values are the spiritual bond that a nation depends on and the common ideological and moral foundation of a country. The important reason why the Chinese nation’s thousands of years of history is endless, handed down from generation to generation and tenacious development is that the Chinese nation has a common spiritual pursuit, spiritual characteristics and spiritual context. What kind of values should China and the Chinese nation adhere to? This is both a theoretical issue and a practical one. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that our socialist core values of prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, rule of law, patriotism, professionalism, honesty and friendliness embody the thoughts of ancient sages, the long-cherished aspirations of people with lofty ideals, the ideals of revolutionary martyrs and the yearning for a better life of people of all ethnic groups. From this, we can understand the common ideological foundation of socialist core values and revolutionary culture.

　　The third is to help strengthen ideological and moral construction. In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to improve people’s ideological consciousness, moral standards and civilized accomplishment, raise the level of civilization of the whole society, extensively carry out education on ideals and beliefs, deepen publicity and education on Socialism with Chinese characteristics and the Chinese dream, carry forward the national spirit and the spirit of the times, strengthen education on patriotism, collectivism and socialism, and guide people to establish a correct view of history, nationality, country and culture. At the Seventh Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized: "If leading cadres want to forget their initial intentions and stick to the right path, they must strengthen their cultural self-confidence. Without the foundation and nourishment of China’s excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture, it is difficult to be deep and persistent. " Revolutionary spirits cultivated by revolutionary culture in different historical periods, such as Red Boat Spirit, Jinggangshan Spirit, Long March Spirit, Yan ‘an Spirit, Xibaipo Spirit, etc., show patriotic feelings of loyalty and sincere dedication to the country; Not afraid of strong enemies, dare to fight and win; Heroic spirit of overwhelming decisive battle; The spirit of sacrifice that takes death as death and dares to struggle; Loyal and unyielding revolutionary integrity; The psychological strength of being calm and resolute; Military orders, such as mountains, military discipline, such as iron, are all inherent manifestations of revolutionary culture. Revolutionary culture and the national spirit with patriotism as the core emphasized by Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture in the new era have the same value pursuit.

　　The fourth is to help the prosperity and development of socialist literature and art. Socialist literary and artistic creation comes from the people and takes the people as the center. To prosper literary and artistic creation, we must be rooted in historical themes and realistic themes, and constantly tap and launch masterpieces that eulogize the party, the motherland, the people and the heroes of the era. Advocate stressing taste, style and responsibility, and resist vulgarity, vulgarity and kitsch. Revolutionary culture is the product of the war years, so the spirit of high-spirited struggle is its distinctive feature. At the same time, the simple and colorful literary form of revolutionary culture is popular with the public, so it is also the easiest to take root among the broad masses. This is particularly worth learning and thinking in the new era today, in order to avoid borrowing the name of revolutionary culture and practice vulgar vulgar kitsch culture.

　　The fifth is to help the development of cultural undertakings and cultural industries. In order to meet people’s new expectation of a better life, we must provide rich spiritual food for the people. Therefore, strengthening the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural resources must be regarded as an important content to improve the public cultural service system, implement the cultural benefit project and enrich mass cultural activities. We will continue to build international communication capacity and tell the story of China well. We should not only make full use of the brilliant achievements of ancient Chinese civilization, but also deeply explore the spiritual connotation of revolutionary culture, show the world a true, three-dimensional and comprehensive China, and improve the cultural soft power of the country. Protecting and managing Chinese traditional culture and revolutionary culture well, at the same time, strengthening research and utilization, allowing history to speak and cultural relics to speak, while inheriting the achievements and glory of Chinese culture and revolutionary culture, enhancing national pride and self-confidence will surely become the best way to understand history and learn from future development.

　　Guangming Daily (October 9, 2018, 05 edition)

　　【Pacific Auto Network Technology Channel】 1.6L was once the first choice for family cars because of its sufficient power and relatively low fuel consumption. However, with the improvement of consumption level, the size of family cars is getting bigger and bigger, and the power of 1.6L displacement is just enough. If the vehicle is fully loaded, it will be a bit of a small horse-drawn cart, and the driving pleasure has long been gone. 2.0L displacement power is sufficient, but high fuel consumption is inevitable. To make a compromise, 1.8L displacement power and fuel economy are the most suitable. I also saw this opportunity, and developed a brand-new 1.8L engine in five years. This engine code is EC8, which is currently mounted on Dongfeng models. This issue will bring you the technical analysis of Dongfeng EC8 1.8L CVVT engine.

　

Wonderful review of the last issue

　

● Basic engine parameters

● Research and development background of ●EC8 engine project

　　The research and development project of EC8 1.8L engine was put forward at the board of directors of Shenlong Company as early as April 2008, and was officially put into production in April 2013. The whole project development took five years.

　　In the two years before April, 2010, China market analysis and product technical scheme determination were mainly carried out. According to market analysis and laws and regulations, 1.8L will be the gold emission in the household market, and the power performance of 1.8L can best meet the household demand, while the fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission also meet the environmental protection requirements.

　

For more engine technical analysis articles, please click the following link:

　

● Fuel consumption of ●1.6L and power of 2.0L displacement.

　　EC8 is a brand-new engine launched by PSA for China market. EC8 engine claims to have the fuel consumption of 1.6L displacement engine and the power of 2.0L displacement engine, and its performance level is in the advanced position of naturally aspirated engine.

　　It can be seen from the EC8 engine diagram that about 90% of the peak torque has erupted in the engine at 1500 rpm, and the torque curve is relatively gentle and lasts until 6000 rpm.

　　It has good dynamic performance in the daily use speed range, and reaches the peak torque at the earliest in the same class. The most intuitive feeling is that when the start accelerates, the low speed is very fast. The output that can be obtained in the 1500-2000 shift range that Chinese people are used to can be described as a little bit of power and a steady stream.

　　With the power of the 2.0L displacement engine, where does the fuel consumption of the 1.6L displacement engine come from? Of course, it depends on technology. For example, EC8 engine adopts cylinder honing technology, micro-grooved tile technology, variable displacement pump, DLC coated hydraulic tappet, intelligent timing gear damping technology, belt and so on. Listen to me together.

　

Before writing this article, Xiao Bian also visited the production workshop of EC8 engine. If you are interested, you can click the following link:

　

● Flat-top honing and micro-grooved tile technology

　　In terms of process flow, the cylinder block of EC8 engine is carried out in a small number of times by gradually adding power. In the last finishing process — — Flat-top honing

　　Flat-top honing can shorten the early running-in process and improve the fuel consumption and engine oil consumption during the running-in period. It can form a multi-reticulated small platform, which can greatly improve the lubrication condition of the friction pair, prolong the service life of the cylinder hole and piston ring friction pair and prolong the time. This technology is also widely called "pre-running-in" by experts, which can minimize the running-in wear of users when driving new cars, improve the reliability of vehicles to a greater extent, and save users’ maintenance costs.

　　In addition, crankshaft bearing has also adopted the micro-grooved tile technology. Micron grooves are machined on the surface of bearing bush by special machining method. The application of micro-grooved tile technology improves the compliance of bearing bush and accelerates the early running-in between bearing bush and crankshaft. Improve the fluidity of lubricating oil in the minimum oil film thickness area and enhance the cooling effect of engine bearing bush; The distribution area of lubricating oil film along the width direction of bearing bush is larger, which can increase the thickness of oil film in most high-pressure working areas and prevent the bearing bush from sticking.

　　The application benefits of micro-grooved tile technology are to reduce the mechanical loss of moving parts and improve the engine efficiency; Improve the reliability of moving parts and prolong the service life.

　　The combination of cylinder flat-top honing technology and crankshaft bearing micro-groove tile technology reduces the power consumption in crankshaft operation engineering. The inspection in the assembly workshop shows that the friction of crankshaft rotation needs to consume 3.6N·m engine torque.

　

For more related articles, please click the following link:

　

　

● Variable pump

　　There is also an oil pump directly connected with, and the operation of the oil pump also consumes a part. According to relevant foreign research reports, the use of variable displacement oil pump can generally reduce the fuel consumption of the engine by 1%-2%. To reduce the power consumption of the oil pump, it is necessary to match the oil supply of the oil pump with the actual oil demand of the engine. The use of variable displacement oil pump can meet this requirement.

　　The variable displacement oil pump used in EC8 engine is provided by Magna Powertrain (Changzhou) Co., Ltd.. EC8 oil pump is a variable displacement vane pump, which can be mainly divided into sliding variable vane pump and swinging variable vane pump. The variable principle of the two types of vane pumps is basically the same: the eccentricity between the outer adjusting ring and the rotor is changed by sliding or swinging, and then the displacement of the vane pump is changed.

　　When the feedback oil pressure reaches the variable set value, it is compressed, and the outer adjusting ring slides or swings, so that the eccentricity between the inner ring and the outer ring of the blade is reduced, and the variation of the oil pressure cavity formed between the blade and the inner and outer rings is also reduced correspondingly during the operation of the oil pump, thus reducing the oil pump flow; When the feedback oil pressure decreases, the spring gradually returns to reset the adjusting ring.

　　Main oil passage pressure feedback pressure control mode, which takes the feedback pressure point as the main evaluation point of engine pressure, has small pressure fluctuation and is close to the main lubricating parts, and can accurately reflect the engine oil pressure demand. By adopting main oil passage pressure feedback, the pressure control is more accurate and close to the engine demand, and the oil pump efficiency is higher.

　　The variable displacement pump keeps the pressure of the main oil passage of the engine at medium and high speed at a relatively constant value, which can meet the engine oil demand, reduce power consumption and play the role of energy saving and emission reduction. The variable displacement vane oil pump of EC8 engine is at the top level in China, with low power consumption and stable oil pressure control. Users can reduce engine power consumption and fuel consumption when driving a vehicle.　

　

For more related articles, please click the following link:

　

　

●DLC coated hydraulic tappet

　　The working surface of EC8 hydraulic tappet is also coated with Diamond-like Carbon for short. The surface of DLC coating is black, which has comprehensive excellent properties such as stable quality, good adhesion with matrix, good wear resistance, low friction coefficient and good corrosion resistance.

　　The hardness of DLC coating can reach 8000HV, the friction coefficient is as low as 0.05~0.2, and the coating thickness is 0.5-10μ M, the highest heat resistance reaches 800℃.

　　After the tappet is coated, the surface friction coefficient is significantly reduced and the hardness is higher, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the tappet surface and greatly reduces the friction loss between the cam and the tappet surface. While reducing the working noise, it also reduces the power consumption of the engine, thus achieving the purpose of reducing fuel consumption and reducing the cost of car use.

● Intelligent timing gear damping technology

　　Through the special formal gear profile design, a controlled and periodic phase interference is formed to eliminate the torsional vibration of camshaft and reduce the dynamic tension of belt.

　　The processed crankshaft timing gear is approximately oval, which can significantly reduce the timing error of camshaft, effectively reduce the dynamic tension of belt, effectively reduce the dynamic and static axle load and improve the service life of belt.

　　It can be seen from the curve that the vibration of the intelligent timing system is reduced and the engine runs quieter. According to reports, the life of the intelligent timing system is equivalent to that of the engine. The belt tension is reduced and the bearing life is effectively improved. It reduces the noise and vibration of the user’s timing system when driving, and improves the driving comfort of the vehicle.

　

For more related articles, please click the following link:

　

　

●

　　EC8 piston adopts the latest technology of FM-Federal-Mogul Company: ELASTOVAL II structure and fully floating piston pin, which optimizes the piston design structure, removes the back mass of piston ring support area, reduces the piston weight and friction loss, and realizes the lightweight of the piston while maintaining sufficient strength of the piston. Elastoval II comprehensively considers the skirt, thickness, profile and other factors, combined with the cylinder clearance and pin hole eccentricity, in order to achieve the best energy-saving and noise-reducing effect, and is conducive to reducing fuel consumption and increasing its fuel.

　　EC8 improves the engine performance to a great extent by increasing the volume of the piston head projection to 11. The special piston structure design also improves the reliability of engine operation and reduces the cost of users’ cars.

●CVVT timing technology

　　CVVT is a technology that changes the opening time of camshaft by electro-hydraulic control system, so as to control the required valve overlap angle. This is not a novel automobile technology. Now many engines have adopted this mature and reliable technology.

　　EC8 engine adopts the VVT technology of INA, which can adjust the intake valve timing and phase in a wide range of angles to ensure that the engine can meet the requirements of middle and low speed and high speed at the same time. The driving comfort, fuel economy and emission are obviously improved. CVVT technology can ensure the charging efficiency of the engine under different working conditions and improve the low-speed end torque by 5-10%. 5-8% high-speed power is increased, so that users can get better power output when starting at low speed, and high engine power is maintained at medium and high speed. The fuel economy can be improved by 1-3%, making the vehicle more fuel efficient. Under the limited NOx level, HC emission can be reduced by 25% at most, and the stability at idle speed is improved, and the driving comfort is better.

　　Summary:Throughout the whole paper, EC8 engine should have many advanced engine technologies besides the original mature, stable and reliable technologies. The development time is relatively short, the cost is relatively low, and the existing market resources can also be used to some extent. The same is true from the user’s point of view. What users are most worried about is whether the performance is stable or not, and it is not easy to buy accessories when there is a fault, which just solves these problems. With five years’ unremitting efforts, the brand-new EC8 engine has been developed with "high efficiency, low consumption and high reliability" in consideration of power, fuel consumption, comfort and reliability. The slogan of the power of the 2.0L engine and the fuel consumption of the 1.6L displacement engine will never be groundless.

　

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Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, December 3 (Reporter Bai Yu) According to the latest report from the Guangdong Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, 164 new cases of dengue fever were reported in the province from November 25th to December 1st, which was 56 cases less than the previous week and 25.5% lower than the previous month. There were no new cases in eight prefecture-level cities. Experts predict that the dengue fever epidemic may end in mid-December.

As of 0: 00 on December 1st, 20 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province have reported a total of 45,053 cases of dengue fever this year, including 37,280 cases in Guangzhou and 442 cases in Shenzhen. There were 18,910 hospitalized cases, and 18,771 discharged cases were cured. A total of 6 deaths were reported, including 5 cases in Guangzhou and 1 case in Foshan.

According to the analysis of disease control experts, with the implementation of various prevention and control measures and the gradual cooling of the weather, the density of mosquito vectors has decreased significantly. In the middle of this month or in the next two weeks, the dengue fever epidemic spread locally in Guangdong will probably end.

　　BEIJING, July 14 (Xinhua) Ruan Jianhong, spokesman of the People’s Bank of China and director of the Survey and Statistics Department, said on the 14th that in the first half of the year, various loans of financial institutions increased by 15.73 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.02 trillion yuan over the same period of last year, indicating that the financial system has further increased its support for the real economy. From the perspective of industry investment, new loans were mainly invested in key areas such as manufacturing and infrastructure, and the growth of loans in the real estate industry also showed a sustained recovery trend, and the structure of the loan industry was further optimized.

　　Ruan Jianhong said that from the perspective of loan subjects, loans from enterprises (institutions) were the main body of loan increment in the first half of the year. In the first half of the year, loans from enterprises and institutions increased by 12.81 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.42 trillion yuan year-on-year, accounting for 81.5% of the total credit increase. Household loans increased by 2.80 trillion yuan, an increase of 572.3 billion yuan. The main reason for the increase in household loans is the increase in personal business loans and short-term consumer loans. In the first half of the year, personal business loans increased by 2.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 759.3 billion yuan over the same period of last year; Personal short-term consumer loans increased by 300.9 billion yuan, an increase of 401.9 billion yuan.

　　From the perspective of industry investment, new loans were mainly invested in key areas such as manufacturing and infrastructure, and the growth of loans in the real estate industry also showed a sustained recovery trend, and the structure of the loan industry was further optimized. Specifically:

　　The growth rate of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry maintained a high level. At the end of June, the medium and long-term loans of manufacturing industry increased by 40.3% year-on-year, 10.7 percentage points higher than the same period of last year, and 22.3 percentage points higher than the growth rate of medium and long-term loans of all industries. In the first half of the year, loans increased by 2.15 trillion yuan, an increase of 821.9 billion yuan year-on-year. Among them, the medium and long-term loans of high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 41.5% year-on-year, 11.5 percentage points higher than the same period of the first half of the year. In the first half of the year, the medium and long-term loans for new high-tech manufacturing industries were 483.5 billion yuan, an increase of 184.7 billion yuan year-on-year.

　　Look at the infrastructure industry. Medium-and long-term loans in the infrastructure industry grew rapidly. At the end of June, medium and long-term loans in infrastructure industry increased by 15.8% year-on-year, 3.3 percentage points higher than the same period of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 3.25 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.1 trillion yuan over the same period of last year.

　　The growth rate of medium and long-term loans in the real estate industry continued to rise. At the end of June, the medium and long-term loans in the real estate industry increased by 7.1%, 0.2 and 8.5 percentage points higher than the end of last month and the same period of last year respectively, and the growth rate has been rising for 11 consecutive months. In the first half of the year, the real estate industry added 628.7 billion yuan in medium and long-term loans, an increase of 459 billion yuan year-on-year.

　　Ruan Jianhong pointed out that in the next step, the People’s Bank of China will continue to give full play to the dual functions of monetary policy tools, maintain a reasonable growth of credit and a stable pace, and continue to increase support for key areas and weak links of the national economy to help the real economy to further improve.

In 2023, the social observation reality show "Fifty Kilometers of Peach Blossom House" was filmed in the third season, and the talk show actor Bird Bird who set up a circle with "social fear" people became the biggest attraction of this season. There is a scene in the program: Bird Bird and Eric Wang, who are also withdrawn, are standing by the wall, one with his hands in his pockets and his head bowed, and the other with his hands clasped, looking ahead. At that moment, only embarrassment flows in the air. This picture was sent to me by a friend who doesn’t watch variety shows, so it is widely circulated. She said, "Isn’t that you?" I said, "So are you?"

Today, everyone can find some resonance in "social fear", otherwise "social degradation" will not become a hot word. Social degradation is a complex phenomenon:Sometimes it shows retreat, which means that people begin to avoid and cut some social relationships in their lives, and sometimes it shows active choice, which means that people begin to tend to simple and controllable shallow relationships.

But "social demotion" is an ambiguous expression. First of all, it has no subject. Who wants to demote? Secondly, it has no sense of object. What part of social life do we want to degrade? Finally, it has no frame of reference. Did there ever exist a standard social interaction in our social life? The only consensus we can reach is that,It is conveying a general feeling that "socializing" is very tiring.

The first question to understand is, what exactly do we mean by "social"? According to the definition in the dictionary, any contact between people can be called social interaction, that is, social interaction. But it’s hard to say with the suffix "degraded". Everyone feels different pressure points, and the word "social" in "social degradation" has different meanings: migrant workers are most likely to be troubled by the incessant WeChat messages, so they want to reduce their online exposure, so they have "read it back" or "friends circle can be seen for three days" or even "digital fasting". For young people who have just entered the society, it is particularly difficult to cope with the traditional human relations, so they have to "break off their relatives" or "clean up the workplace". For middle-aged people, too many relationships have been alienated, but they still have to spend energy to maintain them. It is better to "downgrade friendship" or "stay away from dinner".

Hu Penghui, a teacher at the School of Social Studies, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, has been paying attention to the social trends of young people in the past two years, and has written articles on "sense of boundary" and "socializing with children". I asked him to help us draw a range: how to understand the concept of "social" in popular discourse?

Hu Penghui told me that the social communication we are talking about is narrower than the definition in the dictionary, and tends to have social and cultural attributes. "For example, if you chat with your family, go to the supermarket to talk to the salesperson, and discuss transactional work with your colleagues, you won’t think’ I am socializing’. The social interaction we are talking about today, that is, the social interaction in English,In particular, it emphasizes its social attribute, which belongs to the field of’ communication’ in the three major fields of modern society defined by emotional sociology. "

Emotional sociology believes that our emotions in social interaction are an important factor reflecting the changes of our whole society. Jonathan Turner, the author of Emotional Sociology, said: "Emotion is the maintainer of interpersonal relationship, the undertaker of macro-social structure and its cultural generation, and also a force that can split society. Therefore, emotion is an important force to promote social reality at all levels, from face-to-face interpersonal communication to large-scale organizational systems that constitute modern society. "

What does "communication" mean in emotional sociology? Hu Penghui used the theory of Cheng Boqing, his mentor and professor of Nanjing University School of Social Sciences, to illustrate this problem. The social life of modern people is divided into three areas: work, consumption and communication. We follow different emotional mechanisms in different fields. In the field of work, the "finishing system" is dominant, which requires individuals to manage and adjust their emotions and adapt to external organizational and professional requirements. The dominant emotion in the work is "friendliness". What dominates the consumption field is the "experience system", which requires individuals to pursue the happiness brought by novel experiences, so as to show their individuality and their own value. The dominant emotion in this field is "happiness and pleasure".In the field of communication, the "performance system" is dominant, which requires people to create a "micro-landscape" by means of exaggerated expression or strengthening the atmosphere of specific situations, and the emotion that dominates this field is "love".

The theory sounds very simple. Our life consists of three parts. What society requires of us is to express corresponding emotions in different social activities. But the reality is often more complicated. With the blessing of network technology, our social "performance" can start at any time, with no end, regardless of occasion and time. The boundaries between "work, consumption and communication" are increasingly blurred, and there are complex tensions.No one can split his life neatly, let alone manage his emotions strictly according to the life schedule, otherwise he may be as crazy as the company employees who underwent personality splitting surgery in Life Cutting.

Stills of "Life Cutting"

Hu Penghui’s concern for modern people’s social life also began with Fifty Kilometers of Peach Blossom House. What caught his attention was a small incident between actor Guo Qilin and action art Chen chen Chen in the first season: Chen chen Chen asked Guo Qilin to help with the installation, but Guo Qilin, who is famous for his high emotional intelligence and love of help, refused. He turned back and spoke privately to talk show actor Li Xueqin: "It’s like a friend who has nothing to do with you at ordinary times and comes to you for help." Li Xueqin expressed his understanding and summed up a social principle for him: "I don’t bother you, so don’t bother me."

In Hu Penghui’s view, the friction between Guo Qilin and Chen chen Chen is "a matter of border sense". Guo Qilin didn’t have a problem with Chen chen Chen, but the other party broke the boundary he drew for "asking for help". To put it bluntly, it was "friendship didn’t reach this point". At that time, Guo Qilin received a lot of criticism, perhaps because the audience acquiesced that the recording of programs was Guo Qilin’s job. In this case, he did not seem to show a friendly face in his work, but handled it according to his own standards in daily communication. But then again, this program is originally a "social observation", and it is Guo Qilin’s job to show his true self in the field of communication.There is often no right or wrong in social scenes, only a feeling of "discomfort", which is why it is exhausting.

Besides work, we have to pay emotional labor, consumption activities also consume emotions, and communication activities are also mixed with consumption and work, which directly hinders us from being ourselves. Hu Penghui concluded: "In individuals, the separation of the three fields can make it possible for us to pursue ourselves. Socialization becomes a burden, which happens when the three fields are integrated. The question is, who can separate work, consumption and communication so clearly? "

Hu Penghui is a post-90s generation. When he gets along with students born after 00, he finds himself confused about the "boundary". Take the common concept of "teacher" in campus life as an example. When he went to school, he felt that the students of the same teacher were close to each other or at least supported each other. However, among the students he is taking now, many people have a good sense of boundary. "I gave them a cooperative project, and they were willing to communicate with me separately. When I suggested that they could communicate with the same group of students, they found that they didn’t have much contact. Then I found out,Their understanding of their classmates seems to be limited to the objective’ all under the name of a teacher’, and there is no subjective alliance between them. "

Hu Penghui feels that the core of the troubles brought by social interaction is often the question of where this line should be drawn. "The so-called" ineffective social interaction ",or the part of things that make people feel anxious or want to be downgraded in social interaction, is these" interactions "at the junction of the three major fields. But the boundary is a subjective psychological distance, not an objective spatial distance, and the boundary in everyone’s mind is different. It is the ambiguity of this definition that has caused everyone’s anxiety about social life. " Hu Penghui said.

The first episode of the British drama Black Mirror in the third season fictionalizes a society dominated by "social rating", where a person’s success is not judged by professional achievements, wealth or personality, but by the rating of a social networking site hanging over everyone’s head. In order to attend the wedding of plastic sister flowers, the heroine Leiqian entered the high-level social circle and went crazy. After a series of embarrassing accidents, her social score is still not enough. She completely collapsed, broke into the wedding scene and swore, her social score was zero, and she became a "social prisoner". Zoom out, behind the iron cage, she still has many prisoners.

"Socialization" has become a part of our daily performance. Under the attack of both offline and online, modern people are generally in a state of social burnout. We are in the same situation as Lacey. We have too many superficial relationships, are subject to ubiquitous social judgments, and are in an uninterrupted social connection. The standard of being a "perfect social person" is getting higher and higher.

In Lacey’s world, social success is the only criterion of social success. Unrealistic social requirements have led to a large number of quitters who quit social competitions.

Zheng Dandan, a professor at the School of Sociology of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, discussed a similar phenomenon, which originated from the "social withdrawal" put forward by American sociologist Merton: "A highly competitive society will inevitably make many people unable to complete social tasks and give up … In some cases, some social structure and cultural factors may cause individuals in society to take withdrawal behavior more generally (with great possibility)." Zheng Dandan’s thesis was written in 2019. At that time, she observed that people around her and even herself would give up some social tasks intermittently, "mainly because of the mismatch between goals and means". Socialization is also a social task, so can we understand "social fear" or "social degradation" as "social retreat" under pressure?

Zheng Dandan thinks that "social fear" in the pathological sense can be regarded as a kind of social retreat. "It means completely giving up the goal of interpersonal communication stipulated by society, even if it is the simplest meeting with strangers, it is impossible to say hello politely and keep in touch with friends to express concern". But today, "social fear" has been used as a generalized label. "The" social fear "we are talking about today is similar to a kind of" retreat "with positive color. Because it is difficult to meet some inherent social rules, I may explain myself by looking for another track or dissolving the meaning of the goal.The main purpose is to dispel the traditional interpersonal rules that people are unwilling to abide by and buffer the impact of social changes. "

When it comes to the impact of modern society, a word that is often mentioned is also put forward by the German philosopher Han Bingzhe."Meritorious society".Han Bingzhe compared the meritorious society to a "Dopinggesellschaft", in which the whole society is full of excessive upward energy, resulting in a kind of efficiency that has no efficiency. "The whole human being has evolved into an efficiency machine, running smoothly and unimpeded, trying to maximize its own efficiency." The corresponding negative consequence is that "the unrestrained pursuit of efficiency improvement leads to mental obstruction".

Stills of "No Reimbursement Today"

Dong Chenyu, a lecturer at the School of Journalism of China Renmin University, mainly studies social media and online culture, and the social life of young people is also within his concern.He thinks that the reason for "social degradation" is that we are overwhelmed by the meritorious society, so we have to reduce social costs and improve social efficiency. The emotional value that we need to obtain in the long-term intimate relationship must be obtained in a low-cost way."’social degradation’ sounds like a description of space. From top to bottom, in fact, I think it is a matter of time. It is that we are constantly compressing the time and energy spent on socializing. It is such a choice in a sense to play with children and games." Dong Chenyu said.

Dong Chenyu evaluated himself as a very "Buddhist" person, but also indirectly felt the social pressure exerted by the meritorious society. He found that students who had worked as interns in "big factories" would use efficiency tools in the communication between teachers and students. Some students ask him to revise his thesis, and they will throw a "flying book" document, which indicates the exact time and place where the teacher needs to give guidance. "According to my habit, I usually reply within a week, or I may be too busy to push it for another three or four days, but I can feel the students’ obvious disappointment because I have pushed back the whole schedule of his’ flying books’. There is a feeling that I have entered the’ big factory’ and the students are my boss. " Dong Chenyu called this phenomenon "life tabulation". "Our life is full of efficiency tools. Time is quantified, and so is socialization. But I also understand them that this’ social downgrade’ is an expedient measure in helplessness. "

Stills of "I’m fine in a foreign land"

Another important feature of modern society is a high degree of division of labor and atomization. Different from the acquaintance society connected by blood and geography in the past, we live in a stranger society.

There is a Korean film called People Living Alone, which describes such a life. The heroine, Zhenya, works as an operator. She talks to countless people every day, but only answers according to her words, which does not produce real communication. She always walks in the company wearing headphones and doesn’t talk to her colleagues. She lives in an apartment building with poor sound insulation, but she doesn’t even know that her neighbor died at home. She is at odds with her father and refuses to meet him. She has lived alone in a big city for two years. Many people may envy Zhenya’s life. She never empathizes with strange customers, her emotions are not disturbed by work, she doesn’t have to attend colleagues’ parties, deal with neighborhood relations, and even "break off her relatives". She lived a regular and quiet life in a stranger’s world, and became an excellent employee. Living alone made her look comfortable.

What does a stranger mean?In his article Stranger, sociologist Zimmel defined it as follows: "(Stranger) contains the unity of proximity and distance in any relationship between people, and it can reach a situation that can be summarized most briefly here. The distance within the relationship means that the close person comes from afar, but strangeness means that the distant person is nearby." Simply put, strangers are part of a group, but they are not fixed by blood or geography. They are a group of people who are close in physical space and far away in psychological space.

Zhenya’s life is easy to make people empathize because it is very common. But a question that is not easy to answer is that the anxiety of urbanization and the atomized society have existed for a long time. Why have we become fond of talking about "social degradation" in recent years? Dong Chenyu put forward a perspective: this is related to the "homecoming tide" of young people in big cities in recent years. With the economic downturn, competition in big cities has intensified.Many young people return to their hometown after living in first-and second-tier cities for several years and find themselves "unable to blend in".

My interviewee, Azhi, is in line with Dong Chenyu’s observation. The reason why she looks for friends online is "going back to her hometown". Azhi grew up in Xinjiang, then went to Beijing to go to college and returned to work in Xinjiang after graduation. In her hometown, she found that she had lost her peer circle: her high school friends rarely stayed in her hometown, some went abroad for further study, and others worked in big cities. At home, she and her parents "talk too much", so they moved out to live by themselves. It can be said that she became a stranger in her hometown.

Stills of "Children of the Jstars"

Azhi is one of the five interviewees I found in the "social rehabilitation" group of Douban. A "group" is a small group of strangers with a very "vertical subdivision". People from all over the world can form a temporary alliance because of any strange little thing. In fact, many social relationships that we actively choose today are built between strangers. The network gives us the possibility of crossing space and time and reaching out to any stranger who has nothing in common with us. Azhi doesn’t deal with colleagues around him, but prefers to comment actively under the group posts, hoping to find friends who resonate. She thinks it may be easier to find someone who understands her in this circle of all social fears.We like this kind of relationship because we can easily choose people who are similar to ourselves and control the depth of the relationship.

However, the seemingly "I am the master" socialization has often become a reason to try, and it has also caused us to fall into deeper loneliness. Azhi told me with a little regret that she couldn’t find a suitable friend in the group because she asked to meet offline in the same city, and there were too few friends in the group who were willing to meet offline. She said with emotion, "If only I were in Beijing or Shanghai." Her solution is to walk around the streets more, "even if only people who feel real pass by me."

At this time, the seemingly compulsive kinship, geography or industry relationship has an indispensable value.It can make us stay in the same physical space with others for a long time, thus breeding a real connection. In the movie, the transformation of Zhenya comes from a new intern who falls from the sky. The leader assigned her to familiarize herself with the work with the interns, and they were forced to sit in the same cubicle all day, and Zhenya slowly softened up in resistance. She began to eat and chat with interns, untie the knot with her father, and tried to put her ear to the door of her new neighbor to listen to the noise in the room. Finally, the intern was leaving, and Zhenya confessed to her: "I hate being alone, but I have been pretending."

Between active and passive, "social degradation" seems to be an increasingly common choice. Will "socializing" get farther and farther away from us? Dong Chenyu thinks the situation is just the opposite. "Several scenic spots that are very popular this year, such as Zibo barbecue and Tianjin grandpa diving, are no longer traditional’ beautiful places’, but’ places where everyone is lively together’, which shows that everyone’s social desire is very strong." He thinks,"It’s not that we don’t want to socialize, but we want a more comfortable way to socialize."

(Bibliography: Cheng Boqing: Sociological Analysis of Contemporary Emotional System; Jonas Turner and Jane Stitz, Sociology of Emotion; Zheng Dandan: On Social Retreat; [Germany] Han Bingzhe: Burnout Society; Yan Fei: Penetration: Thinking Like a Sociologist)

　　On Anchang Road, Fucheng District, Mianyang, a small house is staged every day with the scene of "a group of old people coaxing an old man". This group of old people are six brothers and sisters, and the object of service is their 92-year-old mother. Their old mother, suffering from hypertension, diabetes, heart disease and other diseases, was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease a few years ago. Six children take turns to take care of her 24 hours a day, eating, feeding medicine, measuring blood sugar and taking insulin … … They wrote down their mother’s daily diet and medication in detail. In the past 16 years, these nursing diaries have more than 300,000 words and 46 books, which record the mother’s growing old day by day and the filial piety and love of a family.

　　A thick stack of diaries

　　At 2 o’clock on the afternoon of the 27th, in a family area of Anchang Road, Fucheng District, an old house of more than 70 square meters was clean and tidy. Old Chen Yuxiang was in a wheelchair, accompanied by her daughter Deng Xiurong, and the two shook hands and whispered. Third sister Deng Guoqing wore reading glasses and recorded the time when her old mother had just taken medicine in a notebook. They have kept a diary for 16 years.

　　46 books

　　On the cover of the notebook recorded by Deng Guoqing, the words "Nursing Diary" are written in 2018.

　　In this notebook, the nursing time and medication time of Chen Yuxiang are recorded in detail every day. Deng Guoqing told Chengdu Business Daily that the old people are old and incontinent, and they need to change their diapers at any time. They record the time of each change, so it is convenient to remember the time of the next change. For medication, we should also not forget, because the time and dosage of each medicine are different, and the time of each medicine is recorded, so we can know when to take it next time, and everyone will not make a mistake.

　　After recording the morning and noon situations, Deng Guoqing and Deng Xiurong, who have been waiting since the night before, are ready to go home and have a rest. The 68-year-old eldest brother Deng Kaiguang and eldest sister-in-law Chen Xinlan are coming to take over.

　　Deng Guoqing picked up another notebook and wrote on it: Brother, my mother didn’t get up this morning. After lunch, she took heart medicine and antihypertensive drugs, and half an hour later she took "Yixuesheng" (Third Sister).

　　Different from the previous notebook, the cover of this notebook is written with the words "miscellaneous book" and the time is "2017 ~ 2018". Most of the content in it is to explain what the next brother and sister need to pay attention to before the caregivers leave.

　　"In the past, I kept one night with my sister, but with the increase of age, it is no longer possible. We keep it together at night." Deng Guoqing said that when the eldest brothers took over, they would go home and have a rest. "Now we should write some precautions every day to remind the successors."

　　In Chen Yuxiang’s old man’s house, notebooks like "Nursing Diary" and "Miscellaneous Book" are piled high. The Chengdu Business Daily reporter counted 46 books, most of which have been yellowed, but they are still well preserved.

　　16 years

　　Deng Guoqing looked at these notebooks with tears in his eyes. In the past 16 years, looking at these notebooks, we can remember the dribs and drabs that the six brothers and sisters took care of their mother.

　　Chen Yuxiang, a 92-year-old man, has six children. The eldest daughter is 72 years old, the second daughter is 70 years old, the eldest son Deng Kaiguang is 68 years old, the second son Deng Kaiming is 65 years old, the third daughter Deng Guoqing is 62 years old, and the female Deng Xiurong is 60 years old.

　　In 2002, Chen Yuxiang’s wife passed away. Since then, Chen Yuxiang’s health has gone from bad to worse, suffering from hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. A few years ago, she was entangled in Alzheimer’s disease. Fortunately, six children are on duty 24 hours a day.

　　Deng Guoqing is a statistical worker. When his father was ill and hospitalized, every time the doctor prescribed medicine, he also said the dosage and usage. But at that time, most of the children were still at work and needed to take turns to take care of them. Fearing that he forgot to remind the successor when changing shifts, Deng Guoqing thought of using a notebook to record every day. This practice continued to be used after Chen Yuxiang’s illness, and it was recorded more carefully.

　　"A good memory is not as good as a bad pen. My mother hasn’t stopped taking medicine since more than ten years ago. Later, after staying in bed, she was still incontinent, which was particularly difficult to take care of." Deng Guoqing said that every year, the elderly have to be hospitalized, and doctors have to ask about various physical conditions. Therefore, when six brothers and sisters take care of them, they will record their daily physical condition and medication in detail.

　　Open the thick notebooks, each with tens of thousands of words, thousands of words at least, and 46 notebooks, which add up to more than 300,000 words.

　　A group of filial sons and daughters

　　Behind the 46 diaries are a group of filial sons and daughters. At 6 o’clock in the morning on the 28th, Deng Guoqing and Deng Xiurong got up. They made the bed first, then started to boil water and cooled a cup for their mother. For more than ten years, children have never let the elderly drink overnight water. It is said that the more people live, the more they go back. An elderly mother is like a child. This group of children took care of their mother day by day.

　　Children are experts.

　　They can take insulin and measure blood sugar.

　　After the blood pressure was measured, I saw that Yao had brought an instrument for measuring blood sugar. The old man Chen Yuxiang seemed impatient and hid his hand under the bed.

　　"Mom, be good, take out your hand, and we will measure another blood sugar. After measuring it, we will get up and eat." Deng Xiurong smiled and coaxed the old man like a child.

　　On the wall of the living room, there are hand-painted pictures and texts of the correct posture of wrist electronic sphygmomanometer, family contact list and blood pressure range of hypertension. "In the beginning, everyone didn’t measure blood pressure, so they searched online, wrote the correct order of use on paper, and then posted it on the wall for everyone to measure accurately." Deng Guoqing said that, like taking insulin and measuring blood sugar, family members should learn to use it accurately first, and then record the measured value of their mother every time.

　　Before taking insulin, Deng Xiurong kept spinning in his hand with the instrument and counted in his mouth. When I counted to 36, I stopped and began to give my mother an injection. "Our brother and sister can measure blood pressure, blood sugar and insulin, and we can all be regarded as half nurses." Deng Xiurong said with a smile.

　　Mother is like a child.

　　"Come on, have some more, so as not to be hungry."

　　Because she didn’t sleep much the night before, at 3 pm on the 27th, the old man Chen Yuxiang was sleepy and went to bed to rest. Near 5 o’clock in the afternoon, the two sisters began to wake their mother up. They have summed up their experience, and eating after 6 o’clock in the evening can’t be digested by the elderly.

　　"Mom, get up, the chickens are crowing, be good, get up soon!" Deng Xiurong whispered in Chen Yuxiang’s ear. Maybe he didn’t wake up, the old man resisted and lost his temper. While shouting "go away", he reached out and pushed.

　　This trick didn’t work, and Deng Guoqing next to him sang a children’s song, "Little Rabbit, open the door, open it quickly, I want to come in … …” Hearing the song, the old man slowly opened his eyes.

　　Watching her mother open her eyes, 62-year-old Deng Guoqing came to the bed while singing and making rabbit ears. It was not until the song was finished that the old man smiled and held out his hands. Later, the two sisters worked together to dress the old man and help him to a wheelchair.

　　At 5: 30, my brother Deng Kaiguang brought a special meal for the elderly, added some sesame oil, and fed it slowly in spoonfuls. For every spoonful of rice, Deng Kaiguang blows it gently first, and then slowly feeds it into his mouth. After feeding a few spoonfuls, the old man pushed it away with his hand. Deng Guoqing quickly took over the rice bowl and continued to feed. The old man did not buy it.

　　"There’s still a little. Come on, have some more, so as not to be hungry … …” Coaxed, the old man ate a few more spoonfuls.

　　Feeding a meal is like coaxing a child, so is feeding medicine after a meal.

　　A hard-working mother all her life

　　"Mom is here, home is here."

　　Since 2002, Deng Guoqing’s six brothers and sisters have taken turns to take care of their old mother at home. For more than ten years, they have hardly traveled far, and even the large-scale real estate developed in Mianyang in recent years, they don’t know where it is. "Parents, not travel! This is what our parents told us when they took care of grandparents and grandparents. " Deng Kaiguang said.

　　In Deng Xiurong’s view, their six brothers and sisters have been caring for their mothers for more than ten years, which is a kind of feedback.

　　"In those days, life was very tense. My mother always gave us rice to cook porridge at home, so she drank some rice soup and never had enough. It was also from that time that my mother fell into anemia. In my impression, she was always busy and suffered a lot for us. " Deng Kaiguang said that the mother also took care of the housework such as breakfast, lunch, dinner and washing clothes at home.

　　Many people around them asked them why they didn’t ask their mother for a nanny or send them to a nursing home. Deng Guoqing said that everyone has their own family, but both partners and children can understand. The most important thing is that mothers will be much happier when they see their children every day.

　　"Mom, home is here! Home is more cohesive! We can see our mother every day, and we are also very practical. " Deng Guoqing said.

　　Chengdu Business Daily reporter Tang Xiaojun’s photo report

　　Diary excerpt

　　Change diapers once at 6: 00 (shit), blood pressure at 7: 44 is 116/57, buttocks are washed and medicine is applied at 8: 00, 8 units of insulin are given on an empty stomach at 8: 03, a bag of Huoxiang Zhengqi pills (twice a day) is given at 9: 30, and diapers are changed once at 9: 40 (a little shit); In the afternoon, change diapers at 12: 30, diapers at 14: 25, diapers at 4: 40 (a little shit, urine) and diapers at 5: 25 (shit); At 8: 10 (in the evening), I wash my ass, apply medicine, wash my face and feet, change my diaper at 9: 30 (shit) and at 12: 30 (shit) … …

　　— — March 26, 2018

　　At 7: 47, the blood pressure is 119/65, at 8: 08, the blood sugar is 6.3, at 8: 15, at 8: 40, there are 2 ketonic acid tablets (three times a day), and at 9: 45, there are 3 medicinal charcoal tablets … …

　　— — March 27, 2018

　　Will the blood sugar rise after taking the medicine you bought? Last night, my mother started to get up and pee again, 5 ~ 7 times a night, eating less and peeing more. Fear … …

　　— — October 21, 2017

　　We eat separately, so we need to drink more water after eating this medicine. At night, when I am on duty, there are sometimes 7-8 times, at least 3 times. Thanks a lot! Let’s cheer together!

　　— — October 22, 2017

　　Mom flooded Jinshan again, and the bed was wet. We washed all the wet ones, and there is a piece of cloth under the sheets. Come back this afternoon and make it … …

　　— — Simei

　　Last night, my mother was flooded with water, diapers, cloth diapers, wool blankets, small towel sheets and shit. She also knew that she was wet and threw it all over the floor … … I was busy this morning, and the ground was full of urine. Fortunately, I put my clothes on the air-conditioned table and chair every time, and they were dry every morning … … Otherwise, you can’t win by baking … …

　　— — Simei

　　Mom is old, and I don’t know if the diaper is wet … … Mom coughs up phlegm. Mom says she can’t spit it out. When she coughs, she will have phlegm. She needs to take medicine to eliminate phlegm. I don’t know if the sausage given by Sister Chen was eaten last time or it was caused by a cold. She needs to take some medicine to relieve cough and eliminate phlegm. — — Third sister

　　… …

　　After the optimized epidemic prevention and control measures are introduced one after another, medical institutions will not be allowed to refuse COVID-19 patients to see a doctor. Does the current medical insurance reimbursement policy in COVID-19 adapt to the situation that the number of patients with positive infections may increase significantly?

　　During the investigation by the First Financial Reporter, it was found that some designated hospitals in COVID-19 began to remind COVID-19 patients to bring their medical insurance cards with them for subsequent policy adjustment.

　　"All patients who go to the designated hospitals for outpatient and emergency treatment in our hospital need to hold medical insurance cards (including electronic medical insurance cards) for normal settlement and pay for themselves normally; Patients without medical insurance cards pay for themselves. " On the 9th, a designated hospital in COVID-19 in a northern city issued a document saying.

　　This hospital is a local second-class general hospital, and it is also the designated hospital for medical insurance in this city. Recently, this hospital was opened as the designated hospital for treatment in COVID-19, mainly providing medical treatment for patients with nucleic acid positive or antigen positive in Covid-19.

　　On the afternoon of the 9th, CBN called the hospital for an appointment as a patient’s family member. Relevant staff said that at present, the expenses incurred by the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 in the outpatient and emergency departments should be borne by themselves, that is, the medical insurance is settled normally or the patients pay by themselves.

　　However, the practice of medical insurance reimbursement in this hospital is not common. A person in charge of a district-level medical insurance department in the city told CBN that the policy adjustment document has not been received for the time being.

　　The reporter called the outpatient department of another local designated hospital in COVID-19, and the relevant telephone receiver said that at present, COVID-19’s nucleic acid-positive people come to the outpatient department to make an appointment, which still belongs to the category of financial reimbursement and need not bear it by themselves. "If you come to register tomorrow, it is recommended to bring a medical insurance card. We are not sure whether there will be any changes at that time."

　　The staff in charge of community liaison at another designated hospital in COVID-19 in this city also said that it is best to bring a medical insurance card when visiting a doctor. Now, the policy received is that the treatment related to COVID-19 is free, and the treatment outside COVID-19 needs to be charged.

　　"It’s best to bring a medical insurance card with you, and then follow any policy," the staff member said.

　　In the past three years, China has adopted the method of "first treatment, then settlement" to effectively guarantee the treatment expenses of confirmed and suspected patients. After the comprehensive protection of basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance and medical assistance, the personal burden is partially subsidized by the finance.

　　A person who was tested positive when he entered China this summer and was treated in a domestic hospital told CBN that he also showed his electronic medical insurance card (namely, medical insurance electronic certificate) when he was admitted to hospital, and did not pay any medical-related expenses during his hospitalization.

　　A person in charge of the medical insurance bureau in the eastern region told CBN that the current policy is to "reimburse" all expenses related to COVID-19 treatment for COVID-19-positive patients admitted to the hospital, including outpatient emergency and hospitalization. There is no central document basis for the requirement that "the expenses incurred by the patients diagnosed in COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency departments should be borne by themselves".

　　A medical insurance researcher told CBN that free treatment in COVID-19 is a medical security measure in an emergency state. After the optimization of epidemic control, medical insurance "reimbursement" also needs to return to normal management, and COVID-19 treatment can be implemented according to the current normal medical insurance reimbursement and management policy.

　　On December 9, Jiao Yahui, director of the Department of Medical Administration of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said at the press conference of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council that before COVID-19 was positive, all medical institutions should accept positive patients, and it is not allowed to distinguish whether to accept or not by nucleic acid results. Patients do not have to worry about hospitals not accepting patients.

　　In the past three years, the "main battlefield" of COVID-19 medical care was the designated treatment institutions in COVID-19, including infectious disease hospitals and designated treatment institutions and shelters in various places. In the future, all hospitals will join the main battlefield.

　　The above-mentioned medical insurance researchers said that National Health Commission’s requirement that all medical institutions should not refuse to accept positive patients has revealed the future direction, that is, positive outpatient and emergency visits will be classified as normal medical treatment.

　　"Whether the medical insurance reimbursement policy is adjusted still needs to be determined by the central document, but it is expected that in the actual implementation, infectious disease hospitals, designated treatment institutions and specialized institutions for severe treatment such as shelter can still be reimbursed according to the original policy. Except for these institutions, positive patients will pay for medical treatment in other medical institutions as normal diseases," said a medical insurance industry insider.